Objective To determine the effects of tempol(a nitroxide), in the exposure of ultraviolet-B (UVB), on cell proliferation, superoxide enzyme (SOD) activity, lipid peroxidation, and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-1,MMP-3 in human foreskin fibroblasts in vitro. Methods Fibroblasts were irradiated by a single exposure of 36 seconds to 40 mJ/cm 2 UVB and at the same time incubated with, or without, tempol and detected twenty-four hours later. SOD activity and lipid peroxidation,as shown by accumulation malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected by biochemical assay. Expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 (mRNA level) were examined by Semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results 40 mJ/cm 2 UVB significantly inhibited cell proliferation rate to (84?8)% (P

Objective To investigate the optimal regimen of narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) phototherapy in the treatment of chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD),and to analyze factors influencing treatment compliance.Methods Demographic data,results of photobiological tests,treatment parameters and clinical responses were collected from CAD patients who received NB-UVB phototherapy in Huashan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University from January 2008 to June 2015,and were reviewed retrospectively.Statistical analysis was done by using two independent samples t-test and chi-square test with SAS9.3 software to compare the clinical data between patients who completed and did not complete the NB-UVB phototherapy.Results A total of 79 CAD patients with Fitzpatrick skin type Ⅳ received NB-UVB phototherapy.Of these patients,61 (77％) completed the whole treatment,while 18 (23％) dropped out because of intolerance to the NB-UVB radiation.Among the 61 patients who completed the treatment,the average initial,final and cumulative radiation doses of NB-UVB were (0.08 ± 0.01) J/cm2,(0.32 ± 0.08) J/cm2and (5.9 ± 2.5) J respectively,and patients received (28 ± 8) times of treatment in average.When the radiation dose went up to 0.30 J/cm2,most skin lesions were cleared in 52 (85％) patients.A total of 19patients received phototesting again after the end of phototherapy.Among 16 patients sensitive to ultraviolet A (UVA) before the treatment,6 had normal minimal erythema dose to UVA (UVA-MED),and another 6 had improved UVA-MED after the treatment.Among 16 patients sensitive to UVB before the treatment,11 got normal UVB-MED and another 3 had improved UVB-MED after the treatment.Univariate analysis showed no significant differences in gender,age,duration of the disease,sensitivity to UVA and UVB radiation,results of photopatch test and patch test between the patients who completed and did not complete the treatment (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The appropriate NB-UVB phototherapy for CAD patients should start at an initial radiation dose of 0.08 J/cm2 in spring and end at a final radiation dose of 0.30 J/cm2 for about 28 sessions,which can effectively reduce the photosensitivity to both UVA and UVB in CAD patients.Additionally,NB-UVB phototherapy can be applied in CAD patients of different gender,age,disease duration and photosensitive condition.

ED are correlated with the severity of CAD in a degree.

Objective To explore the establishment of skin photoaging model and the protective effects of nitroxide tempol on skin in guinea pig. Methods The guinea pig skin photoageing model was established by using solar-simulaten radiation (SSR). Dermal structure was observed with hematoxylin-eosin staining. The structure and expression of elastic fiber were analyzed by Weigert's staining. The uhrastructure of dermal fibroblasts and elastic fiber were observed by electron microscopy. Tempol was used before each exposure at the concentration of 5 mg/ml or 0. 5 mg/ml, and the protective effects of tempol on skin were assessed. Results After seventeen weeks' exposure, there was typical "solar elastosis" damage in the upper dermis. Mature elastic fibers were severely degraded and there was large amount of elastotic material accumulated in the upper dermis. Dermal fibroblasts appeared metabolically hyperactive and mitochondria in the cells were damaged. Some cells even broke up. Tempol at the concentration of 5 mg/ml or 0. 5 mg/ml could prevent photodamage of the photoageing model in the dermis, and Tempol at the concentration of 5 mg/ml had stronger protective effects. Conclusions Guinea pig can be applied as an useful animal model of skin photoageing. Antioxidant tempol has photoprotective effects on photodamage of the photoageing model in guinea pig and can be used as an anti-photoageing agent.

Objective To estimate the effect of sun protection education on the severity and treatment of polymorphous light eruption (PLE).Methods Sixty-two patients with PLE were enrolled in this study,and randomly assigned into the control group (n =31) and intervention group (n =31) by using a random number table.Routine therapy was provided to all the subjects at their visits.The intervention group attended two lectures on sun protection at the beginning of spring and summer,and was given an education manual after each lecture.All the subjects completed a face to face interview and a questionnaire on the severity and therapy of PLE at the baseline and 12 months after enrollment.SPSS 11.5 software was used for data processing.Rank sum test,t test and chi-square test were carried out to assess the differences in the severity and treatment of PLE between the control group and intervention group as well as between pre-and post-intervention.Results The patients receiving sun protection education showed a significant decrease in the severity of PLE,including the number of months affected by PLE (t =4.611,P ＜ 0.01),number of PLE episodes (t =3.569,P ＜ 0.01),frequency of facial involvement (Z =2.369,P ＜ 0.05) and the time taken for lesions to appear after sun exposure (Z =2.650,P ＜0.01) in the year after enrollment compared with that before enrollment.Significant differences were also observed between the intervention group and control group in the number of months affected by PLE (t =3.679,P ＜ 0.01),number of PLE episodes (t =2.995,P ＜ 0.05),frequency of facial involvement (Z =2.169,P ＜ 0.05),the time taken for lesions to appear after sun exposure (Z =2.169,P ＜ 0.05) in the year after enrollment.The percentage of patients applying highly potent topical glucocorticosteroids (x2 =10.928,P ＜ 0.01)and administrating antihistamines (x2 =18.723,P ＜ 0.01) as well as the cumulative time of treatment with oral antihistamines (Z =2.656,P ＜ 0.01) were significantly reduced in the intervention group in the year after enrollment than in that before enrollment.Further more,a marked decrease was found in the percentage of patients applying topical highly potent glucocorticosteroids (x2 =4.521,P ＜ 0.05) and administrating antihistamines (x2 =10.949,P ＜0.01) as well as the cumulative time of treatment with oral antihistamines (Z =3.353,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Sun protection education through lectures and manuals appears to be an efficient adjuvant for the relief of PLE severity as well as for the reduction in the use of antihistamines and glucocorticosteroids,suggesting that dermatologists should pay more attention to sun protection education in the treatment of photosensitive diseases.

Objective To analyze the correlation between apolipoprotein E(ApoE) gene polymorphisms and the incidence rate of chronic cardiovascular disease as well as the blood lipid levels of patients.Methods ApoE gene polymorphism and lipid levels were measured by suing gene chip analysis system and biochemical analyze in 1 414 cases of chronic cardiovascular disease patients(experimental groups) and 374 cases of healthy subjects(control group).Results Compared with control group,E3/4 genotype frequency was increased in experimental group,while E2/E3 genotype frequency decreased(P<0.05).Compared with control group,the levels of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C) were obviously increased and the level of HDL-C was decreased in experimental group(P<0.05).Compared with patients with E2/E3 genotype,the level of HDL-C in patients with E3/E4 genotype was decreased and the levels of TC,LDL-C were increased significantly(P<0.05).Proportions of different ApoE genotypes in patients with cerebral infarction,cerebral hemorrhage,hypertension,coronary heart disease,type-2 diabete and fatty liver were different.Compared with the E2/E3 genotype,the proportion of the E3/E4 genotype in patients with cerebral infarction,cerebral hemorrhage,hypertension,coronary heart disease,type-2 diabete and fatty liver were increased(P<0.05).Conclusion ApoE gene polymorphism might be important cause of the individual difference of lipid levels and a risk factor for the occurrence and development of chronic cardiovascular diseases.

ObjectiveTo observe the dynamics of antibodies and protection against Schistosoma japonicum infections in buffaloes after immunized with recombinant 26 kDa glutathione S transferase (reSjc26GST). Methods Buffaloes in 2 villages endemic for schistosomiasis japonica were selected as test and control groups, respectively.In test group initially 96 buffaloes were vaccinated with reSjc26GST, and 90 buffaloes in the control group did not experience vaccination. The indicators included levels of antibodies to reSjc26GST in buffaloes before and after infection with S japonicum and changes in infection rate. Results Specific antibodies, which showed a trend of trapezoid increase, were induced in buffaloes after immunized with reSjc26GST. Twenty months after immunization, the infection rate of the test group was decreased by 62 2% when compared with that before vaccination,and by 67 7% when compared with that of the control in the corresponding period.Conclusion Specific antibodies and a certain extent of protection were induced in buffaloes after immunized with reSjc26GST, which played an significant role in ameliorating morbidity.

Objective To determine the effects of Tempol, one of the nitroxides, in the presence of ultraviolet-AI (UVA1, 340 nm -400 nm) on superoxide enzyme (SOD) activity, lipid peroxidation, and expression of collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-1, MMP-3 in human dermal fi broblasts in vitro. Methods Fibroblasts were irradiated by a single exposure to UVA1 and at the same time incubated with or without Tempol, and detected 24 h later. SOD activity and lipid peroxidation, as shown by accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), were detected by biochemical assay. Expression of collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ (protein levels) and MMP-1, MMP-3 (mRNA level) was examined by ELISA and semi-quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. Results A dose of 15 J/cm2 UVA1 significantly inhibited SOD activity and collagen Ⅰ , collagen Ⅲ protein levels, increased MDA level and stimulated MMP-1, MMP-3 mRNA expression (P

Objective To explore the protective effect of folic acid supplementation in different ways on lipopolysaccharide-induced external malformations and skeletal malformations in mice.Methods The pregnant mice were divided into six groups randomly,including saline control group,FA control group,LPS group,LPS+FAig group,LPS+FAip group,and LPS+FAdw group.All dams were medicated on gestational day 8～12,and then sacrificed on gestational day 18,for each litter,the number of live fetuses,dead fetuses,resorption fetuses and external malformations of live fetuses were all counted.All fetuses were subsequently evaluated the skeletal malformations.Results A low dose of LPS injection during the second trimester resulted in external and skeletal malformations.Exencephaly and encephalomeningocele were two of the most common external malformations,skeletal malformations consisted mainly of the incompletion of supraoccipital ossification,sternal malformation and rib malformation.FA supplementation by three ways all attenuated the external and skeletal malformations.And the best protective effect was by oral administration.The incidence of external,sternal and rib malformation was all decreased.Conclusions Three ways can prevent the mice during the second trimester from the external and skeletal malformations caused by LPS injection,and the best protective effect was by intragastric administration.

Objective To investigate the effect of all-trans-retinoid(ATRA) on the migration of endothelial cells and the expression of gelatinases. Methods In vitro migration assay was used to determine the effect of ATRA on the endothelial cell migration induced by phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were used to observe the effect of ATRA on the gelatinase expression at mRNA and protein levels respectively, while the proteolytic activities of gelatinases were assessed by zymography. Results The endothelial cell migration elicited by PMA was significantly inhibited when incubated with 0.1 ?mol/L, 1.0 ?mol/L and 10.0 ?mol/L ATRA. Compared with the control, the inhibition rates were (44.68 ? 7.79)%, (65.20 ? 4.59)% and (78.37 ? 2.58)%, respectively. ATRA also reduced the expression and activities of gelationases in a dose dependant manner. At 10 ?mol/L concentration, the inhibition rate of mRNA expression, protein expression and protein activities for gelatinase A was (59.39 ? 7.98)%, (78.40 ? 3.23)% and (53.02 ? 7.23)%, respectively. For gelatinase B it was (65.23 ? 3.62)%, (82.49 ? 2.88)% and (47.32 ? 7.72)%, respectively. Conclusions The expression and activities of gelatinases are downregulated in the endothelial cells when incubated with ATRA, which may be the possible mechanism of ATRA inhibiting the endothelial cell migration elicited by PMA in vitro.