BACKGROUND:Mechanotransduction is an issue of concern in the study on the relationship between stress and growth. Mechano-growth factor (MGF) holds stress sensitivity, and exerts similar effect with stress in bone metabolism regulation. OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanotransduction during bone remodeling, and investigate the relationship between stress and growth at molecular level. METHODS: The governing equations about the relationship between MGF and mechanical stimulation, regulation of MGF on osteoblasts and osteoclasts, regulation of MGF on RANK-RANKL-OPG signaling axis were established, and then the MGF-mediated bone reconstruction model was established to simulate the bone remodeling process under mechanical stimulation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Under the condition of disuse, there was a decrease in osteoblasts/osteoclasts ratio, bone mass and bone volume fraction, and bone resorption was more than bone formation. Under the condition of overload, there was an increase in osteoblasts/osteoclasts ratio, bone mass and bone volume fraction, and bone formation was more than bone resorption. The simulation results were in accordance with Frost mechanostat theory. These findings show that the mechanobiological model of bone remodeling based on MGF can simulate the bone remodeling process under mechanical stimuli, and achieve mechanotransduction.

By introducing patient education into the nursing care of interventional therapy, the medical workers can effectively help and encourage the patients to actively participate in and cooperate with the interventional therapy and related nursing care service. Besides, the relevant education and guidance can greatly help the patients to promote functional restoration and psychological recovery. This article systematically describes the approaches, the principles, the choice of the right moment for health education and the education contents in clinical interventional work.

Objective To investigate the optimal regimen of narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) phototherapy in the treatment of chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD),and to analyze factors influencing treatment compliance.Methods Demographic data,results of photobiological tests,treatment parameters and clinical responses were collected from CAD patients who received NB-UVB phototherapy in Huashan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University from January 2008 to June 2015,and were reviewed retrospectively.Statistical analysis was done by using two independent samples t-test and chi-square test with SAS9.3 software to compare the clinical data between patients who completed and did not complete the NB-UVB phototherapy.Results A total of 79 CAD patients with Fitzpatrick skin type Ⅳ received NB-UVB phototherapy.Of these patients,61 (77％) completed the whole treatment,while 18 (23％) dropped out because of intolerance to the NB-UVB radiation.Among the 61 patients who completed the treatment,the average initial,final and cumulative radiation doses of NB-UVB were (0.08 ± 0.01) J/cm2,(0.32 ± 0.08) J/cm2and (5.9 ± 2.5) J respectively,and patients received (28 ± 8) times of treatment in average.When the radiation dose went up to 0.30 J/cm2,most skin lesions were cleared in 52 (85％) patients.A total of 19patients received phototesting again after the end of phototherapy.Among 16 patients sensitive to ultraviolet A (UVA) before the treatment,6 had normal minimal erythema dose to UVA (UVA-MED),and another 6 had improved UVA-MED after the treatment.Among 16 patients sensitive to UVB before the treatment,11 got normal UVB-MED and another 3 had improved UVB-MED after the treatment.Univariate analysis showed no significant differences in gender,age,duration of the disease,sensitivity to UVA and UVB radiation,results of photopatch test and patch test between the patients who completed and did not complete the treatment (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The appropriate NB-UVB phototherapy for CAD patients should start at an initial radiation dose of 0.08 J/cm2 in spring and end at a final radiation dose of 0.30 J/cm2 for about 28 sessions,which can effectively reduce the photosensitivity to both UVA and UVB in CAD patients.Additionally,NB-UVB phototherapy can be applied in CAD patients of different gender,age,disease duration and photosensitive condition.

Objective To estimate the effect of sun protection education on the severity and treatment of polymorphous light eruption (PLE).Methods Sixty-two patients with PLE were enrolled in this study,and randomly assigned into the control group (n =31) and intervention group (n =31) by using a random number table.Routine therapy was provided to all the subjects at their visits.The intervention group attended two lectures on sun protection at the beginning of spring and summer,and was given an education manual after each lecture.All the subjects completed a face to face interview and a questionnaire on the severity and therapy of PLE at the baseline and 12 months after enrollment.SPSS 11.5 software was used for data processing.Rank sum test,t test and chi-square test were carried out to assess the differences in the severity and treatment of PLE between the control group and intervention group as well as between pre-and post-intervention.Results The patients receiving sun protection education showed a significant decrease in the severity of PLE,including the number of months affected by PLE (t =4.611,P ＜ 0.01),number of PLE episodes (t =3.569,P ＜ 0.01),frequency of facial involvement (Z =2.369,P ＜ 0.05) and the time taken for lesions to appear after sun exposure (Z =2.650,P ＜0.01) in the year after enrollment compared with that before enrollment.Significant differences were also observed between the intervention group and control group in the number of months affected by PLE (t =3.679,P ＜ 0.01),number of PLE episodes (t =2.995,P ＜ 0.05),frequency of facial involvement (Z =2.169,P ＜ 0.05),the time taken for lesions to appear after sun exposure (Z =2.169,P ＜ 0.05) in the year after enrollment.The percentage of patients applying highly potent topical glucocorticosteroids (x2 =10.928,P ＜ 0.01)and administrating antihistamines (x2 =18.723,P ＜ 0.01) as well as the cumulative time of treatment with oral antihistamines (Z =2.656,P ＜ 0.01) were significantly reduced in the intervention group in the year after enrollment than in that before enrollment.Further more,a marked decrease was found in the percentage of patients applying topical highly potent glucocorticosteroids (x2 =4.521,P ＜ 0.05) and administrating antihistamines (x2 =10.949,P ＜0.01) as well as the cumulative time of treatment with oral antihistamines (Z =3.353,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Sun protection education through lectures and manuals appears to be an efficient adjuvant for the relief of PLE severity as well as for the reduction in the use of antihistamines and glucocorticosteroids,suggesting that dermatologists should pay more attention to sun protection education in the treatment of photosensitive diseases.

ED are correlated with the severity of CAD in a degree.

Abstract The processs of female Osteoporosis and its prevention by Physical activity were simulated using anisotropic bone remodelling model with mechanostat combining with finite element method. The results show that bone mass declines slowly at the beginning, bone loss accelerates in postmenopause and bone mass declines 25. 84%-28.63% at the age of 60 and 38.50%-40.44% at the age of 80. Bone mass increases 3.05%-10.26% by an increase of 10%-20% in physical activity. The above results are consistent with clinical observations,which proves that declination of mechanical usage is the primary factor leading to osteoporosis, menopause quickens the process of female osteoporosis, physical activity can decelerate it.
Aged ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Remodeling ; Computer Simulation ; Exercise ; physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Models, Biological ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; prevention & control

Objective To investigate the breakfast behaviors and nutritional quality among primary and secondary students,and to provide scientific evidence for developing intervention strategies.Method Random three-stage clustering sampling method was employed in the study.A questionnaire survey was conducted among 9194 primary and secondary students aged 6-17y,from seven cities in China.Results The rates of primary and secondary students having breakfast everyday were 97.0%,92.4%,and 93.4%,Most of the students had their breakfast within 30 min after getting up,the rates being 75.4%,74.7%,and 68.6% respectively.Mothers primarily cook breakfast for the students,the rates being 53.1%,49.9%,and 49.7% respectively.In most cases,they had breakfast at home,the rates being 71.8%,67.0%,and 63.8% respectively.The rates of students having poor quality breakfast were above 80%.Conclusion Primary and secondary students are one of the focal target people for preventing unhealthy dietary behaviors due to shortcomings of eating breakfast.It is necessary to improve the nutritional quality of breakfast for better health of students.

Objective To evaluate the effect of chronic low potassium on K+uptake rate in the my?ocardium and skeletal muscle of rabbits. Methods Thirty?two adult male rabbits, aged 12-14 weeks, weighing 2?0-2?7 kg, were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n=8 each) using a random number table:normal feeding group ( group N) , low potassium feeding group ( group L) , potassium supplementation con?trol group ( group SC ) and potassium supplementation experimental group ( group SE ) . N and SC groups were given a normal diet only, and L and SE groups were fed with a low potassium diet for 15 days. Potassi?um chloride ( KCl) 0?5 mol∕L was then infused intravenously at the initial rate of 60 μmol·kg-1 ·min-1 in SE and SC groups. Blood samples were obtained from the central artery of the left ear every 5 min for meas?urement of plasma K+ concentrations. The infusion rat of KCl was then adjusted until the plasma K+concen?tration reached 5?5 mmol∕L and maintained at this level for 1 h, and then infusion was stopped. The total volume of KCl infused was recorded. The hearts and soleus muscle of animals were excised for determination of K+content. K+uptake and uptake rate were calculated. Results Compared with N group, the plasma K+concentration, and K+content in the myocardium and soleus muscle were significantly decreased in group L ( P<0?05) . Compared with SC group, the total volume of KCl infused, and K+uptake and uptake rate in the myocardium and soleus muscle were significantly increased in group SE ( P<0?05) . Conclusion Chro?nic hypokalaemia can increase K+ uptake rate in the myocardium and skeletal muscle of rabbits.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for osteoporosis (OP) in aged people at Beicai Town in Shanghai, to provide proofs for preventing OP. Methods Questionnaire survey was carried out on bone density in 608 aged people (aged from 60 to 79 years) who were randomly chosen from 4 resident committees of Beicai Town in Shanghai. Everyone underwent bone mineral density (BMD) assay of lumbar spine and total hip by DEXA machine. Results The rate of OP was 23 % in male group, and 61% in female group. It was 40% in 60-64 years old group, 44% in 65-69 years old group, 53% in 70-74 years old group and 66% in 75-79 years old group. The rate of OP was 52% in manual work group, and 42 % in non-manual work group. In males, it was 54 % in current weight less than 60 kg group, 19% in 60-70 kg group, 15% in 70-80 kg group and 23% in over 80 kg group. In females, it was 76% in current weight less than 50 kg group, 67% in 50-60 kg group, 63% in 60-70kg group, 30% in over 70 kg group. It was 56% in low body weight group, 41% in normal weight group and 58% in over weight group in their 25-year-old. It was 61% in normal body weight group, 43% in overweight group. It was 41% in non-fracture history group, 67% in once fracture group,74% in fracture history more than twice group. It was 60% in mother humpback history group, and 47% in no history of mother humpback group. Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, age,history of fracture, mother's humpbacked history, disease of internal secretion and metabolism system were the risk factors for OP. Conclusions The occurrence of OP is related with many factors in aged people at Beicai Town in Shanghai, especially for the aged women, who suffer from diseases of internal secretion and metabolism, and has the history of fracture and mother's humpbacked, the attention should be payed to the prevention and treatment of OP.

Objective To establish the implant-mandible model with different design parameters, observe stress distributions on the implant and surrounding bone, and analyze the influence of different design parameters on dental implant of the mandible. Methods Eight implant models were designed based on structural characteristic parameters (implant diameter, thread depth, height of abutment through gingiva, thread shape), and assembly of the mandibular model was performed respectively. The models were applied with static 150 N vertical and oblique 45° loads, so as to analyze peak von Mises stress of the implant and bone tissues and explore the structural parameter variables of implant most sensitive to peak von Mises stress. Results The peak stress of the mandible was larger under inclined load than that under vertical load. Implant diameter was the key factor affecting the peak von Mises stress of cortical bone, while thread depth was the key factor affecting the peak von Mises stress of cancellous bone. The peak von Mises stress was also affected by the height of abutment through gingiva, but the effect was not as significant as thread depth and implant diameter. Thread shape had little effect on the peak von Mises stress of the mandible. Conclusions Different implant design parameters can affect the peak stress of different tissues of the mandible, so it is necessary to carefully consider the selection of implant parameters for personalized implants. This study can provide theoretical guidance for structural parameter design of oral implants and provide references for accurate prediction of oral implants.