AIM: To determine the dissolution of Longdan Xiegan Pills(Radix et Rhizoma Gentianae,Radix Scutellariae,Fructus Gardeniae,etc.) on the basis of markers such as gentiopicroside,baicalin and geniposide. METHODS: According to Appendix ⅩCⅢ of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 edition VolⅡ,dissolution medium was 100 mL 0.5% SDS aqueous solution and rotating speed was 100 r/min.The dissolution solution of pill was taken and analyzed by HPLC method.A column of Kromasil C_(18)(4.6 mm?250 mm,5 ?m) was used.The mobile phase composed of A acetonitrile,B 1% glacial acetic acid aqueous solution,gradient eluation.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min with the detection wavelength at 254 nm. RESULTS: The average dissolution of three batches of gentiopicroside,baicalin and geniposide exceeded the marker amount by factor of 0.75 time in 4 h. CONCLUSION: A reliable and qualitative method is established with good reproducibility for determination of dissolution of Longdan Xiegan Pills.

Objective To investigate the protective effects and mechanism of Pentoxifylline(PTX) on rats with renal interstitial fibrosis following unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO).Methods The rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: Sham operation group(group A),UUO group(group B),Enalapril group(group C),PTX group(group D) and PTX plus Enalapril group(group E).On the 3th,7th and 14th day after operation,5 rats of each group were sacrificed by exsanguinations,respectively.The concentration of hydroxyproline was measured,and the ratio of collagen and renal weight was tested.The expressions of transforming growth factor-?1(TGF-?1),tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),bone morphogenetic protein-7(BMP-7),NF-?B and CD34 were measured by immunohistochemistry.The peritubular capillary index(PCI) was regarded as the expression of CD34.Results The ratio of collagen and renal weight in the rats of group B was higher than that of other 4 groups(P

After the application of RFID in domestic libraries, its outcomes and related problems were described, the authors pointed out that Internet of Things-based smart library is the future library direction.

AIM: To study the effect of high fat diet on the expression of sterol regulatory element biding protein-1 (SREBP-1) and transforming growth factor β_1 (TGF-β_1) in renal tubular cells and rosiglitazone intervention. METHODS: Wistar rats were treated with high fat diet and rosiglitazone for 3 months. The serum glucose, serum insulin and serum triglyceride were detected. Oil Red O staining was used to observe the renal lipid deposit and Masson staining was for the detection of ECM accumulation. SREBP-1, TGF-β_1 and FN protein were determined by the methods of immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. SREBP-1 mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Rosiglitazone prevented effectively the increase in serum glucose, serum insulin and serum triglyceride resulted from high fat diet. High fat diet led to lipid droplet formation in renal tubular cells and interstitial ECM accumulation, which was decreased by rosiglitazone treatment. Compared to normal rats, SREBP-1 protein and SREBP-1 mRNA showed high expressions in high fat diet rats that were lowered by rosiglitazone. The precursor segment and mature segment of SREBP-1 protein were decreased by 27.39% and 27.32%. Similarly, the high expressions of TGF-β_1 and FN protein in kidney of high fat diet rats were also prevented by rosiglitazone intervention. Compared to high fat diet rats, the expression of TGF-β_1 in rosiglitazone treatment rats was lowered by 19.14%. CONCLUSION: Rosiglitazone prevents effectively the over-expression of SREBP-1 and TGF-β_1 in renal tubular cells, and decreases lipid accumulation and ECM production in rats fed with high fat diet.

significantly increased (all P < 0.01). Following SREBP-1 was down-regulated by siRNA, high glucose-stimulated TGF-β1 and FN protein expressions were decreased by 17.9% and 24.6% ,respectively(all P<0.01).

Objective To study the relationship between lung ventilation function of workers exposed to rare earth dust and their IL-2,IL-6 and TNF-α gene polymorphism.Methods TNF-α gene polymorphism were identified by RFLP-PCR,IL-2 and IL-6 gene polymorphisms were identified by PCR-CTPP analysis.Lung ventilation function was deteced by instrument of ventilation function.Results Compared with controls,there was no statistic significance in frequencies distribution of TNF-α gene polymorphism(X2=4.03,P＞0.05),IL-2 gene polymorphism(X2=2.21,P＞0.05)and IL-6 gene polymorphism(X2=1.05,P＞0.05).Compared with IL-2 gene wild type,IL-2 homozygote type increased the risk of lung ventilation dysfunction by 4.29 folds(95% CI 1.09～16.9).Conclusions Compared with controls,incidence of ventilation function of workers exposed to rare earth dust is in ascending trend.IL-2(G/G)gene type induces more serious inflammation reaction than the others.

Objective:To investigate the effects of TLR/STAT pathway in the proliferation of mesangial cell induced by HMGB1.Methods:Human mesangial cells were inoculated in the dose of 1?104 ml-1.After 24 h,cells were cultured with standard medium as control group or with medium supplement with 10 ?g/L human recombinant protein HMGB1 as trial group in vitro.Then the cells were collected in 6,12 and 24 h respectively,as well as control group cells.Immunocytochemical staining was adopted to examine the expressions of PCNA proteins on mesangial cells in different groups.Immunocytochemical staining and FCM were performed to detect the changes of TLR2 protein expression.STAT1 and STAT3 mRNA were examined by RT-PCR technique.Results:Immunocytochemical staining indicated that the mesangial cells could multiply after they were induced by human recombinant protein HMGB1.Immunocytochemical staining showed that the level of TLR2 protein in trial groups were higher than those in control groups.FCM indicated that HMGB1 could significantly up-regulate the expression of TLR2 protein time-dependently.The STAT1 and STAT3 mRNA in HMGB1 groups were higher than those in control groups.The expression of TLR2 protein was positively correlated with those of STAT1 and STAT mRNA respectively.The positive rate of PCNA was remarkably correlated with the expression of STAT1 and STAT3 mRNA.Conclusion:HMGB1 could activate STAT1/STAT3 through combining with its cell-surface receptor TLR2,which may play an important role in promoting the proliferation of mesangial cells and then damaging the renal of lupus nephritis.

Aim To investigate the time-dependent effect of insulin on the expression of SREBP-1(sterol regulatory element binding protein-1),FAS(fat acid synthase)and lipid droplet formation in HKC cells(human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells line).MethodsHKC cells were respectively treated with 100 nmol·L~(-1) insulin for 0,2,4,6,12 h and 24 h.The analysis of SREBP-1 and FAS mRNA was performed by RT-PCR and the expression of SREBP-1 protein was detected by Western blot and immunocytochemistry.Furthermore,Oil Red O staining was used to determine cellular lipid droplet formation.ResultsCompared with HKC cells of 0 h group,there was no difference of SREBP-1 and FAS mRNA in HKC cells of 2 h group.However,the expression of SREBP-1 and FAS mRNA was significantly increased in HKC cells of 4,6 h and 12 h group.Further,the most expression of SREBP-1 and FAS mRNA was at 6 h group and was respectively increased by 3.578 and 4.272 times compared with 0 h group.The results of Western blot showed that the precursor and mature segments of SREBP-1 protein in 4,6 h and 12 h group HKC cells were increased and those of 6 h group HKC cells were the highest and about 4.106 and 5.167 times than those of 0 h group HKC cells.Immunocytochemistry presented the result that SREBP-1 protein was located in the plasma and the expression of 4,6 h and 12 h group HKC cells was significantly higher than that of 0,2 h and 24 h group HKC cells.The result of Oil Red O staining showed that lipid droplet markedly deposited in 6 h group HKC cells,contrarily,no lipid droplet was found in HKC cells of other groups.ConclusionAbove results suggested that insulin up-regulated SREBP-1 and FAS in time-dependent manner that led to cellular lipid droplet deposit,which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of renal lipid accumulation in metabolism syndrome.

Aim To investigate the effects of irbesartan on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in HKCs induced by high-glucose.Methods Human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cell line(HKCs)cultured in vitro was divided into four groups:normal-glucose group,mannitol control group,high-glucose group and high-glucose plus irbesartan group.Immunocytochemistry staining was used to observe the expression of β-catenin;the protein expression of Wnt4,β-catenin,E-cadherin and α-SMA was assessed by Western blot;Wnt4 and β-catenin mRNA were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results Compared with normal-glucose and mannitol control group,both the protein and the mRNA of Wnt4 were up-regulated in HKCs stimulated by high-glucose.α-SMA expression significantly increased but E-cadherin decreased in HG group.The cytoplastic and nuclear fraction of β-catenin enhanced with highglucose stimulation.But no difference of the total protein and mRNA of β-catenin was observed between highglucose-treatment and control groups.Highglucose induced Wnt4 and β-catenin expression in a time-dependent manner,both peaking at 24 h.Irbesartan reduced the promotional effect of HG on Wnt4 and α-SMA expression,and nuclear translocation of β-catenin.HG-mediated inhibition of E-cadherin was also restored by irbesartan.Conclusion These data supported a functional role for Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway during epithelial-mesenchymal transition of HKCs induced by high glucose and suggested that irbesartan might reverse tubular EMT by regulating activity of Wnt/β-catenin pathway.