Objective To investigate the mechanism of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) caused by Iopromide.Methods Two-four female SD rats were randomly divided into two groups which were control group and CIN group .The rats in CIN group were injected Io-promide via caudal vein ,the rats in control group were injected the equal amount of solvent .After 24 hours,all the rats were euthanized and tested.The excretion of 24 h urinary protein was detected using biochemistry assay .The expression of related cell cycle regulatory protein such as P21,P27 and TGF-β1 in glomerular visceral epithelium cells were measured using immunohistochemical technique .A semiquantitative score was used to evaluate the injure degree of glomerular and tubulointerstitium .Renal glomerular cell apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL . Results Compared with control group ,CIN group rat glomerular epithelial cells of P 21,P27 and TGF beta 1 positive expression rate signifi-cantly increased,[(12.86 ±0.98) %vs (0.46 ±0.21)%,P=0.004 5],[(21.76 ±2.75)% vs (9.57 ±1.86)%,P =0.0071], [(12.85 ±5.54) vs (7.63 ±0.84),P=0.003 7)] respectively,24 h urine protein significantly increase [(23.44 ±5.22) mg/d vs (2.13 ±0.52) mg/d,P=0.007 0,P=0.005 0],CIN pathological damage of rat glomerular epithelial cells and apoptotic rate significantly more serious [(52.5 ±6.4)%vs (4.2 ±0.3) %,P =0.007 5].In addition,the renal pathologic scores were positively correlated with the excretion of 24hr urinary protein and the expression of P 21,P27,and TGF-β1(r=0.765,0.701,0.842,0.651,P<0.01).Conclusion Io-dine amine via increased glomerular epithelial cells P 27 and TGF-beta 1expression and urinary protein excretion , aggravating pathological damage and apoptosis .

To investigate the effects of Caulis Sargentodoxae Granule (CSG), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine for treating endometriosis, on expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor-2 fetal liver kinase-1 (Flk-1) in rats with endometriosis.

OBJECTIVETo make a system review of the effects of Bushenhuoxue (kidney-tonifying and blood-activating prescription), a category of compound Chinese medicines, on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and its side effects.

METHODSAll the research articles about Chinese medicines treating BPH from January 1978 to February 2003 were retrieved using the methods of international evidence-based medicine (EBM), and their qualities were evaluated based on JADAD standard and concealment of research allocation. Then the included articles went through META-analysis with Revman 4.2 software.

RESULTSThe efficacy of Bushenhuoxue on BPH was better than Qianliekang but not statistically different from finasteride. The combined use of Bushenhuoxue with surgery had no statistical difference from mere surgical treatment. Four articles reported the side effects of this compound Chinese medicine including upset and pain in the abdomen, nausea, diarrhea and dryness of the nose.

CONCLUSIONMassive, multi-center and randomized controlled clinical trials should be conducted to find out more effective methods for treating BPH with Chinese medicines based on the improvement of measurable symptom evaluation method and for evaluating their side effects.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; drug therapy

As the incidence of male infertility has been increasing during recent years, it is urgent to reveal the pathogenesis of male infertility, as well as to develop the new drugs for treatment of male infertility, in order to solve the declining birth rate and aging problems. The construction and application of male infertile animal models is critical for drug development, which plays an important role in accurately evaluating the efficacy and mechanism of infertility treatment. A suitable infertility model not only can reduce the repeated drug efficacy evaluations, reduce animal usage and the cost of new drug development, but also has important reference value for subsequent clinical trial research. Male infertility laboratory animal models can be constructed through chemical, physical, endocrine, environmental estrogen, gene modification, and immune methods. This article mainly introduces the existing male infertility animal models available for drug development, and briefly introduces the application progress of each model to provide reference for the male infertility drug researchers.

ObjectiveTo observe the fine structure of the trunk kidney in zebrafish, and to identify its secreted exosomes. MethodsThe microstructure and ultrastructure of the trunk kidney in zebrafish were observed by light microscopy and electron microscopy, and the particle size of exosomes was detected by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). ResultsThe trunk kidney was close and parallel to the spine in adult zebrafish. The nephron consisted of renal tubules and renal corpuscles. The renal tubules could be further divided into three types: proximal convoluted tubules, distal convoluted tubules, and cervical segments. The renal corpuscles were composed of glomerulus and renal capsules. The periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining results revealed that there were abundant glycogen granules in the proximal convoluted tubules, with brush-like outline in the apical surface of epithelial cells. Under transmission electron microscopy (TEM), there were exosomes distributed in the lumen of renal tubules, with numerous late endosomes and few number of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells concentrating on the apical side. Meanwhile, MVBs were also distributed in the apical regions of the renal tubules and the podocytes of the renal glomeruli. Immunohistochemical staining results showed that CD9, CD63 and TSG101 were strongly expressed in the lumen surface of the renal tubules, but weakly expressed in the corpuscles and lumen. NTA and TEM results showed that the exosomes isolated from zebrafish trunk kidney were saucer-like outline, and the particle size mode was 144.4 nm, which was consistent with the characteristics of morphological futures of exosome. ConclusionThe zebrafish somatic kidney has the typical structure of the mammalian kidney and is the urinary organ in the body. The renal tubules have the ability to secrete exosomes, and their formation is a process of releasing poly-vesicles to the free surface of epithelial cells into the extracellular space. This study laid a morphological foundation for further study of exosomes in urinary function in aquatic experimental animals as well as the development and application of related models.

OBJECTIVETo understand the transmission mode of human infection with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus.

METHODSField epidemiological investigation was conducted for a family clustering of human infection with H7N9 virus in Hengxian county, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in February 2014. Two patients and their 82 close contacts were surveyed. The samples collected from the patients, environments and poultry were tested by using real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR), and the samples from patients were used for virus isolation. The samples from 5 close contacts were tested with RT-PCR. The clinical data, exposure histories of the patients and the detection results of the isolates and their homology were analyzed.

RESULTSPatient A became ill 4 days after her last exposure to poultry in Zhongshan, Guangdong province, and returned to her hometown in Hengxian 2 days after onset. Patient B was patient A's 5 years old son, who had no known exposure to poultry but slept with patient A for 4 days. He developed symptoms 4 days after last contact with his mother. Two strains of H7N9 virus were isolated from the two patients. The 2 isolates were highly homogenous (almost 100%) indicated by gene sequencing and phylogenetic tree. None of the other 81 close contacts developed symptoms of H7N9 virus infection.

CONCLUSIONPatients B was infected through close contact with patient A, indicating that avian H7N9 virus can spread from person to person, but the transmissibility is limited and non-sustainable.

Animals ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Cluster Analysis ; Contact Tracing ; Family ; Female ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza, Human ; transmission ; virology ; Male ; Phylogeny ; Poultry ; virology ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sleep