Objective: To investigate the characteristics of malignant tumor incidence and mortality in cancer registration areas of Sichuan Province in 2021. Methods: Cancer registration data from 142 registries in Sichuan Province in 2021 were collected via the China Cancer Registry Platform. Crude incidence and crude mortality were calculated. The Chinese population-standardized incidence and world population-standardized incidence were standardized using the age structure of the standard population from the Fifth National Population Census in 2000 and Segi's world standard population. Descriptive analyses examined the distribution of rates by genders, urban/rural areas, and ages, and the ranking of leading cancer sites. Results: In 2021, there were 248 600 new malignant tumor cases reported in Sichuan Province, with a crude incidence of 296.37/100 000. The Chinese population-standardized incidence and world population-standardized incidence were 164.67/100 000 and 160.47/100 000, respectively. There were 158 673 malignant tumor deaths, with a crude mortality of 189.16/100 000. The Chinese population-standardized mortality and world population-standardized mortality were 92.47/100 000 and 92.00/100 000, respectively. The Chinese population-standardized incidence and mortality in males were higher than in females (179.56/100 000 vs. 151.62/100 000, 125.09/100 000 vs. 60.35/100 000). The Chinese population-standardized incidence and mortality in urban areas were higher than in rural areas (175.74/100 000 vs. 157.54/100 000, 93.63/100 000 vs. 91.82/100 000). Both the crude incidence and crude mortality increased with age. The top ten malignant tumors by crude incidence were lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, thyroid cancer, and corpus uteri cancer, accounting for 76.33% of all new cases. The top ten by crude mortality were lung cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, and brain tumors, accounting for 82.39% of all cancer deaths. Conclusions In registration areas of Sichuan Province, the incidence and mortality of malignant tumors are relatively low. Key populations such as males, urban residents, and the elderly require focused prevention and control efforts. Comprehensive measures should be prioritized for malignant tumors including lung cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and breast cancer.

Objective The family reconstruction method was used to establish paternity index algorithm for uncle-nephew relationships between two full sibling uncles and one nephew.Methods According to Mendelian genetic law,the family of two known full-sib uncles and one nephew were reconstructed according to the relationship between uncle and nephew,and the test hypothesis was established between two full sibling uncles and one nephew as the uncle-nephew relationship and unrelated individuals,and the paternity index of the uncle-nephew relationship between two full sibling uncles and one nephew was calculated by using Excel.Results Among the 99 genotypic combinations between two full sibling uncles and one nephew,91 of which were consistent with the genetic rules of uncle-nephew relationships,while 8 of which were not.a stepwise mutation model was introduced in the situations that do not conform to the genetic laws of uncle-nephew relationships.The paternity index of uncle-nephew relationship between two full sibling uncles and one nephew can be calculated using Excel.Conclusion The uncle-nephew testing involved by two full sibling uncles makes use of the role of the assistant,and the paternity index of the obtained uncle-nephew relationship is higher than that between two known full-siblings alone and their nephew,which has a good practical value in helping the appraiser to draw a clear appraisal opinion.

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is one of the most common complications of liver cirrhosis. Due to coagulation disorder and the risk of bleeding in liver cirrhosis, there are many controversies over the treatment of liver cirrhosis with PVT in clinical practice. Common therapies for PVT include anticoagulant therapy, intervention, and thrombolysis. This article elaborates on the current status of the treatment of liver cirrhosis with PVT, in order to provide help for the development of standard and reasonable clinical treatment strategies.

Objective: To explore the therapeutic value of interventional methods for hemorrhage caused by mandibular arteriovenous malformations. Methods: The clinical data of 7 patients (3 males and 4 females) with mandibular arteriovenous malformations treated by interventional therapy from January 2012 to January 2018 in the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University were retrospectively analyzed. Of all patients, 4 patients suffered from sudden massive hemorrhage and 3 patients suffered from spontaneous repeated bleeding. The age ranged from 8.0 to 13.0 (10.6±1.7) years. Of the 7 patients, 3 underwent interventional embolization via arteries and veins, and 4 underwent embolization only via arteries. The embolic materials were polyvinyl alcohol granules and coils. The follow-up period was 9—18 months and the curative effect was observed. Results: Among the 7 patients, 4 cases of acute massive hemorrhage were effectively controlled after interventional operation, 3 cases of chronic bleeding disappeared after interventional operation. No recurrence of bleeding occurred during the follow-up period, only 1 patient presented with oral infection and gingival swelling and hyperplasia. The symptoms were effectively controlled after anti-infection and debridement. No severe complications occurred in all patients. Conclusion Interventional therapy for ateriovenous malformation with hemorrhage is effective, safe and feasible, which is worthy of clinical application.

Objective: To explore the value of nanoparticles (CN) in lateral cervical lymph node mapping in papillary thyroid carcinoma using carbon. Methods: Thyroid cancer patients with suspicious lymph node metastasis but without typical signs of metastatic disease from March 2016 to November 2017 in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center were prospectively included in the cohort. Neck dissection was performed in all patients (compartmentsⅡ-Ⅴ). Suspicious lateral lymph node metastasis was identified using pre-operative ultrasound or computed tomography. CN were used for lymph node mapping during surgery. Results: A total of 70 surgeries were performed in 67 patients, among which 57 were found to have lateral lymph node metastasis (81.4%). The median number of CN-dyed lateral lymph nodes was 6. Compartment IV had the highest number of CN-dyed positive lymph nodes as well as the highest rate of metastasis, followed by compartmentⅢ. In compartmentsⅢandⅣ, the incidence of lymph node metastasis was significantly higher in the CN-dyed group than in the CN-undyed group (P<0.001). When the final pathology of neck dissection was set as the gold standard, lateral CN-dyed lymph node biopsy was found to have a sensitivity of 86.0%; its negative predictive value was 61.9% and its overall accuracy was 88.6%. Conclusions:Injection of CN during surgery was a potential method of mapping lateral lymph nodes in papillary thyroid carcinoma. CompartmentⅢ-ⅣCN-dyed lymph node biopsy had a satisfactory sensitivity and thus, served as a reasonable range for lymph node biopsy.

The correct thoughts and principles of diagnosis and treatment of chronic refractory wounds need to be formulated. Through the relevant domestic and international consensus and based on clinical experience, the Thoughts and principles of diagnosis and treatment of chronic refractory wounds in China is proposed. It is considered that in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic refractory wounds, in the case of fully understanding the patient′s medical history, the following thoughts and principles should be complied in order. (1) Pay attention to the cleanliness of the wound after being cleaned. (2) Reasonably perform debridement to avoid being " excessive" or " not thorough". (3) Reasonably perform examination, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis of pathogenic factors. (4) Treat according to etiology. (5) Find comorbidities and prevent adverse outcomes. (6) Select the correct wound treatment method reasonably and timely. When the conservative wound care treatment is considered, pay attention to embodying the concept of etiological treatment, treat the wound according to the principles of safety, phase, selectivity, and effectiveness, and make a reasonable choice of continuing conservative treatment or surgical treatment in time after completing the preparation of the wound bed. When surgical treatment is considered, pay attention to the selection of reasonable surgical method and donor site, pay attention to the healing rate of surgical wound site and the outcome of donor site, and give reasonable protection to the wound site after surgery. (7) Carry out rehabilitation treatment after wound healing and related health education.

Objective To summarize the experience of applying choledochoscopy, duodenoscopy and laparoscopy, one-stage suturing of common bile duct, to treat cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis that failed to respond to ordinary endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST). Methods Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of twenty-five pa-tients with choledocholithiasis complicated with cholecystolithiasis. 25 cases of failure to endoscopic stone extraction underwent LC and laparoscopic common bile duct exploration with primary suture of (BD) from June 2013 to June 2015. Results One patient was converted to laparotomy with small incision. The other one had residual stones and therefore underwent a second EST. After the treatment, two patients developed hyperamylasemia, which was cured by conservative therapy; One patient had bile leakage, which was treated by percutaneous drainage with no serious complications and death. No long-term complication was found in a portion of patients followed up until now. Conclusion In properly selected patients of duodenoscopy management-failed, synchronous treatment of combined application of three endoscopies in laparoscopic surgery with primary suture of (BD) is feasible, effective and safe.

Objective To summarize the experience of peri-operative emotion management of male patients with breast cancer. Methods The clinical data of 11 male patients with breast cancer were analyzed to summarize methods for the emotion management before, during and after chemo-radiotherapy. Result All the patients took a good attitude and complete the therapy after implementation of emotion management. Conclusion Peri-operative psychological management is of help for their alleviating the negative moods of helplessness, strengthening their confidence, stabilizing and improving the emotions, and finally making them cooperative in the treatment and nursing.

OBJECTIVETo observe the fibrosis of skin after damage to the fat dome structure in skin of pig.

METHODSTotally 4 pieces of skin grafts of intermediate thickness in the size of 5 cm × 5 cm were obtained from both sides beside the spine of back in each of the 4 female red Duroc pigs with pedicle on one side with Humby knife performed by burn specialists, who were rich in clinical experience. These skin grafts were assigned as thin dermis group (TD). Pedicled tissue grafts in the size of 5 cm × 5 cm with the thickness of 1.5 mm were obtained within the wounds resulted from former incision with the same method mentioned above, and these tissue grafts were set as fat dome group (FD). The above-mentioned two groups of skin grafts were sutured back in situ immediately after completion of the former procedures. On post surgery day (PSD) 7, 14, and 21, 5 wounds were respectively selected according to the random number table for gross observation of the surgical areas. Tissue samples were obtained from corresponding surgical area deep to the deep fascia after gross observation at above-mentioned time points. Some of the tissue samples were used for observation of distribution of collagen fibers in the regions of operation of both groups of skin grafts with HE staining, and the breadth of fibrosis was measured; some of the tissue samples were used for observation of distribution of type I or III collagen fibers in the regions of incision of both two groups of skin grafts with Sirius red staining. Data were processed with two independent sample t test.

RESULTSA little scab on the edge of wounds was observed on PSD 7; all the wounds were healed on PSD 14; a few hairs were observed growing in the surgical area on PSD 21. HE staining showed that traces of incision were observed in the superficial layer of dermis and at the junction between dermis and fat dome at each time point; profuse hyperplasia of collagen fibers with parallel and orderly arrangement were observed in the region of incision of skin grafts in groups TD and FD at each time point. The breadth of fibrosis of the region of incision of skin grafts was respectively (251 ± 31), (240 ± 3 7), and (342 ± 69) µm in group TD, (239 ± 36), (286 ± 61), and (332 ± 28) µm in group FD on PSD 7, 14, 21, without significantly statistical difference (with t values respectively 0.750, -1.971, and 0.375, P values above 0.05). Sirius red staining showed that large amount of type III collagen fibers and small amount of type I collagen fibers arranging parallelly were present in the region of incision of skin grafts in groups TD and FD at each time point.

CONCLUSIONSUnder the circumstances of relatively intact restoration of dermal tissue, no excessive fibrosis was observed after simple incisional injury of fat dome in skin of pig.

Animals ; Burns ; surgery ; Dermis ; surgery ; transplantation ; Female ; Fibrosis ; complications ; Graft Survival ; Male ; Skin ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Skin, Artificial ; Swine ; Wound Healing

Objective To provide a fixtures and feasible injection method for rat tail vein injection.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into A group and B group,thirty rats in each group.Rats in group A fixed by a simple and practical experimental rats fixtures.And rats in group B fixed by common plastic drink bottles.Then the tail vein injection experiment was conducted respectively.Results It took one people 31.2 seconds in group A and 33.1 seconds in group B to finish the experiment from capture to fix rats,and took one people 68.4 seconds in group A to finish the experiment from capture to finish the injection,while it couldn't finish in group B.It took two people 25.4 seconds in group A and 25.8 seconds in group B to finish the experiment from capture to fix rats,and took 63.7 seconds in group A and 85.6 seconds in group B to finish the experiment from capture to finish the injection.Conclusion The experimental rats fixtures can increase the success rate of rats tail vein injection,and shorten the injection time.It is a safe and effective method.