Setting up the innovative and entrepreneurship education and teaching system is the important content of the current university education reform. Through the idea of leading innovation with entrepreneurial practice, we have implemented a series of education reforms in the students of medical laboratory technology, reformed the teaching methods and content, set up the tutors for undergraduates and improved the scientific research ability of students. The results show that the education reforms have enhanced the ability and sense of innovation, providing a good reference for the reform of innovation and entrepreneurship education in medical laboratory technology.

Objective To explore the relationships between resistin rs1477341 , rs3219175 and type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Guangdong. Methods 180 patients of diagnosed T2DM in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2013 to December 2014 were enrolled in the study as the treatment group and another 180 subjects taking health examination as the control group. The genotype distributions of rs1477341 locus A/T, rs3219175 locus A/G were compared and the relationship between the genotypes and T2DM were anlysed by the logistic regression. Results The frequencies of the rs1477341, rs3219175 locus genotype reached the genetic equilibrium, showed their representativeness of a population group. The frequency distribution of rs1477341 genotype was statistically insignificant across the two groups (P > 0.05). The frequency of rs3219175 genotype AA+AG was decreased while genotype GG increased significantly compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The logistic regression results suggest genotype GG may increase disease risk of T2DM which the morbidity rate of AG homozygote was 0.630 times as high as that of GG homozygote (OR =0.630, 95%CI:0.405 ~ 0.980, P < 0.05) and the morbidity rate of GG homozygote was 1.551 times as higher as that of AA+AG homozygote (OR = 1.551, 95%CI:1.016 ~ 2.368, P < 0.05). Conclusions rs1477341 genotype has no correlation with T2DM among the population in Guangdong , but rs3219175 genotype does. GG may have a higher susceptibility to T2DM.

AIM:To study the effects of ischemic postconditioning on cerebral ischemia following middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. METHODS: 21 rats were randomly divided into three groups: middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), MCAO+transient unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (u-CCA-O), MCAO+transient bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (b-CCA-O)(n=7, respectively). u-CCA-O/b- CCA-O was generated by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion plus transient unilateral/bilateral common carotid artery (CCA) occlusion. After the suture was removed, ischemic postconditioning was performed by occluding CCA for 10s, reperfusion 10s, and then allowing for another 4 cycles of 10s of reperfusion and 10s of CCA occlusion. Rats were sacrificed 2 d later and infarct size was measured. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured in different 15 time points: 0 min, 10 min, 1 h after MCA occlusion, 0 min after MCA reperfusion, 10s of CCA occlusion and 10s of CCA reperfusion in all five cycles, 30 min after MCA reperfusion. Functional neurological outcome was determined 1 h and 48 h after reperfusion. Infarct volume was measured 48 h after reperfusion. RESULTS: The infarct volumes in u-CCA-O group and b-CCA-O group diminished compared to the control group. The results of CBF demonstrated that b-CCA-O group diminished 9% compared with control and u-CCA-O group when 30 min after intervention. The rats in u-CCA-O and b-CCA-O group had better neurological performance at 1 h after reperfusion. CONCLUSION: Ischemic postconditioning reduces infarct size, improves functional neurological outcome, most plausibly by diminishing cerebral blood flow.

In order to adapt to the training target of medical laboratory technology professionals under the condition of five to four educational system,we reformed the experimental teaching of medical laboratory technology.The experiment teaching was divided three phases (traditional classroom teaching + simulated clinical laboratory training + clinical laboratory teaching).Classroom teaching focused on the cultivation of students' basic skills test;simulation laboratory training focused on strengthening the students' operating skills and basic post ability and professional quality;hospital laboratory teaching focused on strengthening the students' ability of medical laboratory management,test comprehensive analysis and scientific research.The reform practice of two sessions of the students showed that the students' examination skills and comprehensive quality improved significantly,which could better adapt to the social demand for technical personnel.

Objective To investigate the polymorphism of human cytomegalovirus（HCMV）UL146 gene in clinical strains,and to evaluate its clinical diagnostic and therapeutic value of gene.Methods The UL146 gene of clinical strains was examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Q-PCR）or general polymerase chain reaction（PCR）.Positive samples of PCR amplification were sequenced and analyzed.Results High variability of UL146 gene was found among 28 HCMV strains.According to phylogenetic analysis,all sequences of UL146 in clinical strains could be divided into three types and four subtypes.Chemokine ELRCXC region was highly conserved in all sequences.Conclusion HCMV-UL146 genes showed a high degree of polymorphism,and its encoded chemokine ELRCXC region was highly con-served.The relationship between HCMV-UL146 gene′s polymorphism and different clinical symptoms of HCMV infection was unclear.

Objective:To explore the effect of goals-activity-motor enrichment (GAME) intervention on the motor function of infants with a mild or moderate developmental disorder.Methods:Randomized, single-blind, controlled trials were applied. Totally 108 infants with mild-to-moderate developmental delay, aged 0 to 12 months, were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, each of 54. Both groups were further divided into two subgroups, a less-than-6-month-old subgroup and a not-less-than-6-month-old subgroup. All of the children received 30 minutes of routine rehabilitation training five days a week and a 60-minute family intervention every day. In addition, the control group was given traditional neuro-developmental treatment (NDT) while the observation group was provided with an intervention based on the GAME program. Before and after 8 weeks of treatment, both groups were evaluated using the Alberta infant motor scale (AMIS).Results:After the intervention, both groups′ average total scores and average scores in the different positions were significantly better than before the intervention. The average AIMS scores of the observation group supine, prone and seated, as well as their average total score were significantly higher than those of the control group after the intervention. There were no significant differences in the AIMS score increases in the different positions between the two subgroups. However, the increase in average total AIMS score of the less-than-6-month-old subgroup was significantly greater than that of the older subgroup.Conclusion:The GAME protocol can improve the motor function of infants with mild to moderate developmental disorders more effectively than a traditional NDT program. The effect is greater with younger infants.

Objective:To study the predictive value of peripheral blood cathepsin (Cat) level on arteriovenous fistula stenosis and therapeutic effect of urokinase combined with argatroban in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).Methods:The clinical data of 120 patients with MHD from January 2017 to January 2021 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 72 patients had arteriovenous fistula stenosis (stenosis group), and 48 patients had not arteriovenous fistula stenosis (non-stenosis group). The patients in stenosis group were treated with urokinase combined with argatroban, and the therapeutic effect was evaluated; the stenosis degree of arteriovenous fistula stenosis was evaluated by digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The levels of Cat K and S in peripheral blood were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of Cat K and S in peripheral blood on arteriovenous fistula stenosis in patients with MHD. The independent risk factor of arteriovenous fistula stenosis in patients with MHD was analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results:The levels of Cat K and S in peripheral blood in stenosis group were significantly higher than those in non-stenosis group: (404.34 ± 12.43) μg/L vs. (344.22 ± 12.09) μg/L and (124.55 ± 13.43) μg/L vs. (84.60 ± 12.45) μg/L, and there were statistical differences ( t = 26.39 and 16.68, P<0.01). The result of DSA showed that mild stenosis of arteriovenous fistula stenosis was in 33 cases, moderate stenosis in 23 cases, and severe stenosis in 16 cases. The levels of Cat K and S in peripheral blood in patients with moderate stenosis and severe stenosis were significantly higher than those in patients with mild stenosis: (399.83 ± 11.79) and (476.27 ± 12.24) μg/L vs. (372.61 ± 12.88) μg/L, (125.77 ± 12.75) and (151.69 ± 11.86) μg/L vs. (110.54 ± 12.07) μg/L, the indexes in patients with severe stenosis were significantly higher than those in patients with moderate stenosis, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01). After treatment, excellent was in 40 cases, effective in 23 cases, and ineffective in 9 cases. The levels of Cat K and S in peripheral blood in patients with effective and ineffective were significantly higher than those in patients with excellent: (404.78 ± 10.96) and (491.30 ± 10.26) μg/L vs. (384.52 ± 10.36) μg/L, (121.85 ± 10.99) and (232.65 ± 10.61) μg/L vs. (101.78 ± 10.61) μg/L, the indexes in patients with ineffective were significantly higher than those in patients with effective, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01). The ROC curve analysis result showed that the area under the curve of Cat K combined with Cat S in peripheral blood in forecasting arteriovenous fistula stenosis in patients with MHD was larger than that of Cat K and S alone (0.699 vs. 0.635 and 0.611), and the accuracy and specificity were also significantly higher (80.83% vs. 48.33% and 60.00%, 89.58% vs. 76.25% and 81.33%), the optimum cut-off values of Cat K and S in peripheral blood were 401.23 and 123.65 μg/L. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis result showed that the levels of Cat K and S in peripheral blood were the independent risk factor of arteriovenous fistula stenosis in patients with MHD ( OR = 1.02 and 1.63, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.93 and 1.33 to 2.32, P<0.01). Conclusions:The levels of Cat K and S in peripheral blood can predict the occurrence and extent of arteriovenous fistula stenosis in patients with MHD, and could also predict the therapeutic effect of urokinase combined with agatroban.

In the face of the worldwide threat of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) to human life, some of the most urgent challenges are to develop fast and accurate analytical methods for early diagnosis of this disease as well as to create a safe anti-viral vaccine for prevention. To these ends, we investigated the antigenicity of the spike protein (S protein), a major structural protein in the SARS-coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Based upon the theoretical analysis for hydrophobicity of the S protein, 18 peptides were synthesized. Using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), these peptides were screened in the sera from SARS patients. According to these results, two fragments of the S gene were amplified by PCR and cloned into pET-32a. Both S fragments were expressed in the BL-21 strain and further purified with an affinity chromatography. These recombinant S fragments were confirmed to have positive cross-reactions with SARS sera, either by Western blot or by ELISA. Our results demonstrated that the potential epitope regions were located at Codons 469-882 in the S protein, and one epitope site was located at Codons 599-620. Identification of antigenic regions in the SARS-CoV S protein may be important for the functional studies of this virus or the development of clinical diagnosis.
Antigens, Viral ; immunology ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cloning, Molecular ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism ; Molecular Weight ; Peptide Fragments ; chemistry ; Recombinant Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; SARS Virus ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism

In order to develop clinical diagnostic tools for rapid detection of the SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus) and to identify candidate proteins for vaccine development, the C-terminal portion of the nucleocapsid (NC) gene was amplified using RT-PCR from the SARS-CoV genome, cloned into a yeast expression vector (pEGH), and expressed as a glutathione S-transferase (GST) and Hisx6 double-tagged fusion protein under the control of an inducible promoter. Western analysis on the purified protein confirmed the expression and purification of the NC fusion proteins from yeast. To determine its antigenicity, the fusion protein was challenged with serum samples from SARS patients and normal controls. The NC fusion protein demonstrated high antigenicity with high specificity, and therefore, it should have great potential in designing clinical diagnostic tools and provide useful information for vaccine development.
Antigens, Viral ; immunology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Genetic Vectors ; Genome, Viral ; Humans ; Nucleocapsid Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; SARS Virus ; genetics ; immunology ; Yeasts ; genetics

Objective To observe and compare the effect of Cordyceps sinensis ( bailing ) capsules com-bined with weight-bearing breathing exercises, and weight-bearing breathing exercises combined with tiotropium bro-mide and seretide, on patients with stable but moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Sixty-three patients with moderate-to-severe COPD were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group. Both groups performed weight-bearing breathing exercises, supplemented in the observation group with the oral administration of bailing capsules. The control group instead inhaled tiotropium bromide and seretide. Six-mi-nute walking distance, the COPD assessment test ( CAT scores) and concentrations of interleukin-6 ( IL-6) , interleu-kin-8 ( IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α) were observed after 1 ( T1) , 30 ( T2) and 58 ( T3) days of the treatments. Results At T1 there were no significant differences between the two groups in any of the measurements ( P≤0.05) . At T2, there were still no significant differences except that a significant decrease in IL-8 and TNF-αlevels was observed in the control group. At T3 the average CAT scores had decreased significantly in both groups compared to before the treatment but there was no significant difference between the two groups. In the observation group, the average 6MWT distance had increased significantly compared to before the treatment and compared to the control group, where there was no significant improvement. The average IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-αreadings of the control group were significantly lower than those of the observation group at T3 and compared to before the treatment. No sig-nificant changes in those indicators were observed in the observation group at T3. Conclusions Bailing capsules combined with weight-breathing exercises are more effective for relieving dyspnea symptoms and improving exercise capacity than weight-breathing exercises combined with tiotropium bromide and seretide. However, in controlling air-way inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness, the triple inhalation combined with weight-bearing breathing exer-cises is more effective.