Abstract: Objective To investigate the correlation of serum exosomal microRNA (exomiR)-27a with drug resistance and adverse outcomes in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), to provide new evidence for the development of anti-tuberculosis treatment. Methods From May 2018 to June 2020, 326 patients with PTB in the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were selected and divided into 228 patients with active TB (active group) and 98 patients with latent TB infection (latent group), and 100 healthy subjects were included as controls. The serum exosomes of all subjects were extracted and identified by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle particle size analyzer and flow cytometry. The expression level of serum exomiR-27a was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The diagnostic value of serum exomiR-27a in PTB was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Drug resistance in patients with active PTB was recorded after standard treatment. The effect of serum exomiR-27a on the incidence of adverse outcomes was analyzed. Results The characterization of serum exosomes confirmed that exosomes were successfully isolated from serum. Compared with the control group 0.92(0.63, 1.17), the expression of serum exomiR-27a was up-regulated in the active group 1.55(1.18, 2.09) and the latent group 1.27 (0.96, 1.65), and the expression of exomiR-27a in the active group was higher than that in the latent group (P<0.05). PTB patients with high serum exomiR-27a expression (≥1.50) had poorer chest radiography and a higher proportion of chronic hepatitis comorbidities (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of serum exomiR-27a distinguishing control and active group was 0.838 (95%CI: 0.795-0.880) and the AUC of serum exomiR-27a distinguishing normal and latent group was 0.766 (95%CI: 0.701-0.830). Patients in the active group received standard antituberculosis therapy (≥6 months). The expression level of serum exomiR-27a in drug-resistant patients was higher than that in sensitive patients (P<0.001), and the expression level of serum exomiR-27a in multi-drug resistant tuberculosis patients was higher than that in single-drug resistant tuberculosis patients (P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that elevated serum exomiR-27a was an independent predictor of PTB resistance (P<0.001). High expression of serum exomiR-27a indicated a higher incidence of adverse outcomes (log rank=15.725, P<0.001). Conclusions High expression of serum exomiR-27a is helpful in the diagnosis and prediction of adverse outcomes of PTB.

Objective To investigate the role of microRNA-21 (miRNA-21) in promoting proliferation of Kazakh's esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell line Eca109 and Kazakh's ESCC tissues, and its effects on the expression of programmed cell death 4(PDCD4)gene.Methods TheEca109cellsweredividedintomiRNA-21Mimicsgroup(transfersequence:5′-UCAACAUCAGUCUGAUAAGCUA-3′),miRNA-21inhibitorgroup(transfersequence:5′-UAGCUUAUCAGACUGAUGUUGA-3′), negative control group (the transfer random sequence)and normal control group (no transfection).The cells were seeded at 4.5 × 105/well in 6-well cell culture plates. According to RNA interference technology,thecells were transfected with LipofectamineTM 2000. After transfection, the cell proliferation was determined by cell number counting.The expression of miRNA-21 was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and the expression of PDCD4 protein was measured by Western blot.Meanwhile, the expression of miRNA-21 and PDCD4 protein were performed in 18 pairs of Kazakh's ESCC and corresponding adjacent normal esophageal mucosa.ResultsAt 48 hour after transfection,compared with normal control group, the cell number increased 36％ (P=0.002) in miRNA-21 Mimics group, decreased 28％ (P=0.002) in miRNA-21 inhibitor group, and did not change significantly in negative control group (P=0.515). At 48 hour after transfection, the relative expression of miRNA-21 in miRNA-21 Mimics group, miRNA-21 inhibitor group, negative control group and normal controlgroup was 0.37±0.10, 9.17± 1.08, 0.74±0.23 and 1.04±0.34,respectively, and the relative protein expression of PDCD4 was 1.47 ± 0.11, 0.61±0.09, 0.89 ±0.12 and 0.79±0.02 accordingly.Compared with normal control group, the relative expression of miRNA-21 decreased (P=0.031) and the relative protein expression of PDCD4 up regulated (P=0.001) in miRNA-21 inhibitor group, the relative expression of miRNA-21 increased (P=0.001) and the relative protein expression of PDCD4 down regulated (P=0.030) in miRNA-21 Mimics group,and there was no significant difference in negative control group (P=0.272 and 0.541).In 16 pairs of Kazakh's ESCC tissues, the expression of miRNA-21 was significantly higher in tumor tissues (0.11 ±0.09) than that of corresponding adjacent esophageal normal tissues (0.03 ± 0.03, P=0.001), while the relative protein expression of PDCD4 was significantly lower (0.92 ± 0.39) than that of corresponding adjacent normal esophageal tissues (1.57 ± 0.80, P=0.004). And the higher expression of miRNA-21, the lower relative protein expression of PDCD4 (r=-0.538, P=0.046).ConclusionmiRNA-21 may promoted the cell proliferation through inhibiting PDCD4 expression,which involved in the pathogenesis of Kazakh's ESCC.

Objective To estimate the effect of microRNA (miRNA) let-7 expression on human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) and the relationship between let-7 level and clinicopathological parameters. Methods ESCC cell line (Eca109) was transfected with let-7 or its inhibitor by RNAi and cell transfection techniques. Normal cultured Eca109 cell was served as negative control. The proliferation of Eca109 cell was detected by MTT. The expression of let-7 in Eca109 cells and 45 paired ESCC tissues and corresponding para-cancerous tissues were measured using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The relationship between let-7 level and clinicopathological parameters in patients with ESCC was analyzed. Results The A value of let-7 in Eca109 cells transfected with let-7 was lower than negative control (P=0.005), while it was higher in Eca109 cells transfected inhibitor than that in negative control 72 hours after transfection. In comparison with negative control, the expression of let-7 in Eca109 cells transfected with let-7 was increased 33% (1.33 vs 1.00,P=0. 039) and it was decreased 50% in Eca109 cells transfected with inhibitor (0.50 vs 1.00,P=0. 014). The ratio of let-7 expression in ESCC tissue and para-cancerous tissue was 0.66 ± 0.47 with significant differece (P= 0.001). Moreover, The level of let-7 expression in Han patients with ESCC was lower than Kazakh patients with ESCC (0.48±0.43 vs 0. 88±0.51,P=0. 019). The level of let-7 expression in poorly differentiated ESCC tissue was lower than well differentiated ESCC tissue (0.42±0.30 vs 0.84±0.38,P=0. 015). The level of let-7 expression in patients with lymph node metastasis was lower than those without lymph node metastasis (0.50±0.35vs 0. 80±0.52,P=0. 032) . Conclusion It is demonstrated that let-7 can inhibit the carcinogenesis and development of ESCC. The level of let-7 expression is associated with cell differentiation,lymph node metastasis and nationalities.

Objective To explore the relationship between polymorphism of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene valine (Val) 158 methionine (Met) (G to A transition)and the distribution in population and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in Yili prefecture of Xinjiang.Methods A hospital based case-control study was adopted, a total of 622 subjects, which including 214 ESCC patients and 408 age, gender and ethnicity-matched normal control individuals.The polymorphism of COMT gene G to A transition was analyzed with PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism approaches.Results The COMT genotype frequencies in 622 subjects in Yili prefecture were GG genotype accounted for 47.3%, GA type for 42.3% and AA type for 10.4%, G allele was 68.4% and A allele was 31.6%.There was no statistical difference in the COMT genotype and frequencies of allele distribution between ESCC group and control group.Furthermore, stratified analysis indicated that there was statistical difference between ESCC group and control group in subjects less than 60 years old.There was statistical difference in the allele distribution among Kazak,Uygur and Han ESCC groups.The COMT genotype and frequency of allele distribution among normal control groups of the three ethnic groups were statistically different.After corrected age and gender,there was no statistical difference in COMT Val158Met polymorphisms among Kazakh, Uygur and Han ethnic groups in both ESCC and control groups in Yili Prefecture of Xinjiang.Conclusion COMT gene Val158Met single nucleotide polymorphism may not be the genetic markers of ESCC risk in Yili Prefecture of Xinjiang.

Objective To study the pathological changes and expressions of NO and iNOS mRNA in the lung tissue of traumatic hemorrhagic shock rats under dry heat environment of desert and their relations to the lung injury.Methods A total of 140 male SD rats were randomly (random number) ivided into the room temperature (25 ℃) environment traumatic hemorrhagic shock group (room temperature group) and the dry heat traumatic hemorrhagic shock groups (dry heat group,temperature 40℃,humidity 10％),respectively,and each groups was further randomly divided into 7 subgroups:the control subgroup,post shock subgroups at 0,0.5,1,1.5,2and 3 h (n =10 in each subgroup).The rats of control subgroup were not treated,and rats of dry heat group were placed in dry heat environment for 60 min,then anesthetized,fixed,and insertion of intravenous indwelling needles and catherization of right carotid artery,jugular vein and the right femoral artery were performed.After stabilization for 10 min,2500 g iron wheel was used to be dropped from 30 m height and vertically hit the upper left femoral of SD rats in order to make comminuted fracture,wounds were quickly dressed after injury.Exsanguination from right femoral artery was kept until MAP maintained at (35 ± 5) mmHg,and resuscitation was carried out after continue monitoring for 60 min.After the establishment of traumatic hemorrhagic shock model in each environment,the rats were sacrificed at given intervals,and thoracotomy was performed to take broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue.Pathological changes of lung tissues were observed by using HE staining and NO concentration of lung tissue was detected by one-step method,and changes of the iNOS mRNA expressions were detected by using fluorescence quantitative PCR.Then t test,ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis were used for the data analysis.Results The pathological change in dry heat group at each interval was more severe,and pulmonary histopathological injury score was higher,and the protein exudation was more profuse compared with the room temperature group.NO concentration in lung tissue homogenate of dry heat group was higher than that of room temperature group (t =2.472,P ＜ 0.05),and the difference in NO level between different intervals within the dry heat group was statistically significant (F =6.77,P ＜ 0.01).The NO concentration in dry heat group reached its maximum at 2 h (3.35 ± 0.23) μmol / g and the peak value emerged sooner than that in room temperature group.The difference was statistically significant in overall expression of iNOS mRNA between two groups analyzed with t test (t =3.619,P ＜ 0.01),and there was statistically significant difference between intervals within the dry heat group (F =12.34,P ＜0.01).The values of iNOS mRNA in the dry heat group were higher than those in the room temperature group at the same given intervals,and the peak value appears at 1.5 h in dry heat group,and the room temperature group it began to increase at 2 h.The concentration of NO and the expression of iNOS mRNA were positively correlated with each other in two groups (r =0.680,r =0.376).The expression of iNOS mRNA and lung histopathological injury score was positively correlated in two groups (r =0.846,r =0.899).Conclusions When traumatic hemorrhagic shock occurred in the dry heat desert environment,the lung injury was more severe and appeared sooner than that in the room temperature environment.NO and iNOS played important roles in the secondary lung injury in the wake of traumatic hemorrhagic shock in rats under the dry heat environmengt of desert.

Objective:To understand cognition and satisfaction degree of mental health service among residents in Weifang,and provide reference for further development of mental health work.Methods:6174 residents were selected with random sampling method and a cognition survey was conducted using a self-designed questionnaire.Among them,553 residents were selected to investigate their satisfaction with mental health service.Results:The residents have unscientific cognition on mental health service,and they did not understand the delivery of community mental health services.Residents who have received mental health service were more satisfied with informed consent and patient privacy protection,and had low satisfaction with the clinic environment and the charge of inspection items.Conclusions:To improve residents' cognition and satisfaction of mental health service,we should further perfect the professional mental health institutions and personnel recruiting,and forcefully carry out mental health education.

Objective: Our purpose was to explore the change regularity of β-glucuronidase (β-G) in body of patients with Non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma. Methods: β-G was examined synchronously both in the serum and in the tumor tissue of 13 cases patient with Non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma by using the method of enzymlinked immunsorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry separately. Among them, 3 cases were studied by using the immuno electron microscopic technique. Results: β-G was highly expressed both in the serum and tumorous tissue in patients with non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma and there was obviously difference as compared with the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: The combined detection with functional and morphological methods to β-G, it may be assistant target to early discovery and early diagnosis of Non-Hodskin malignant lymphoma.

Objective To explore Annexin A2 expression in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and investigate the correlation of Annexin A2 expression with invasion and metastasis of human ESCC. Methods From 2000 to 2008, specimens of Xinjiang medical University First Affiliated Hospital were collected. Pathologically confirmed ESCC surgical specimens were set as experimental group, and the corresponding tumor adjacent tissues located more than 5 cm far from ESCC center were set as control group. 22 fresh and 175 paraffin-embeded ESCC specimens with corresponding adjacent tissues were randomly collected as study samples. With qRT-PCR, Western-blot and immunohistochemistry, the expression of Annexin A2 were detected at the mRNA and protein level. The correlation between Annexin A2 expression and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. Results In 22 pairs of fresh ESCC and corresponding tumor adjacent tissues, the expression of Annexin A2 at mRNA level was significantly higher in tumor adjacent tissues (0. 06 ± 0. 06) than that in ESCC (0. 02 ±0. 02) (P＜0.05 ). Annexin A2 expression at protein level was also significantly higher in tumor adjacent tissues (0.95±0. 42) than ESCC (0.81±0. 36) (P＜0.05). In 175 paraffin-embeded ESCC specimens and corresponding adjacent tissues, the positive rate of Annexin A2 protein expression was 82. 3% (144/175) of the ESCC samples, which was lower than corresponding tumor adjacent tissues 92. 0% (161/175)(P＜0. 05). In addition, Annexin A2 expression was correlated with lymphoid node metastasis (P＜0.05) and pathological differentiation in patients with ESCC (P＜0.05). However, there was no apparent correlation with gross type (P＞0. 05). Conclusion The low expression of Annexin A2 in ESCC maybe played a potential role in the carcinogenesis, invasion and metastasis.

cryopreservation periodontal tissue. METHODS:Periodontal tissue was scraped from healthy human teeth and divided them into three equal parts:fresh group, harvesting periodontal ligament stem cel s from fresh tissue;5%dimethyl sulfoxide group, 5%dimethyl sulfoxide added into the cryopreservation system;10%dimethyl sulfoxide group, 10%dimethyl sulfoxide added into the cryopreservation system. One month later, periodontal ligament stem cel s were extracted from the cryopreserved periodontal ligament from the latter two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the time that cel s swam out of tissue mass and cel harvest amount, the 5%dimethyl sulfoxide group was inferior to the fresh group but better than the 10%dimethyl sulfoxide group (P<0.05). No differences were found among the three groups in the fol owing aspects (P>0.05):colony formation rate of passage 1 periodontal ligament stem cel s, cel survival rate, proliferation ability of passage 3 periodontal ligament stem cel s, cel growth curve and surface marker expression of periodontal ligament stem cel s. The results suggest that the 5%dimethyl sulfoxide added cryopreserved system for periodontal ligament tissue cannot only shorten the time of periodontal ligament stem cel s amplification in vitro, ensure cel harvest and maintain basic cel ular biological characteristics, but also reduce the total amount of the dimethyl sulfoxide and the direct damage to the cel s caused by repeatedly frozen cel s, thereby providing a more secure guarantee for the future implementation of clinical transplantation therapy. So, the 5%dimethyl sulfoxide added cryopreserved system may be the new selection for donor tissue storage.

Objective:This article is to study the quality of life and the situation of social support for the elderly in Weifang while analyzing the correlation between them.Methods:This study was undertaken among elderly aged over 60 followning the European five D health scale and Social Support Rating Scale.The results were analyzed statistically.Results:On the living quality of elderly in Weifang,the EQ-SD index was (0.78 ±0.12) and the EQ -VAS index was (76.42 ± 14.67).The result from each scale shows a tremendous health issue among the elderly in Weifang.On the other hand,the situation of social support for the elderly in Weifang appeared optimistic.Still,this situation can be improved in practical supports.Also,there was significant negative correlation between EQ-5D and SSRS (r =0.260,P ＜ 0.05).Results of multiple linear regression show that the subjective support and objective support may enter the regression equation.Conclusion:To conclude,the city of Weifang awaits improvements in aged care and social support for the elderly.Only by this chance the quahty of life of the elderly may be improved.