Objective:To explore the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum molecular chaperone GRP78 in the impairment of inner ear consistented with the mimetic aging model.Method:Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups. model group was in duced by daily hypodermic injection of 10% D-galactose (800 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) for 8 weeks and the control group was given saline accordingly. Spatial learning and memory was measured by Morris-Water-Maze. Colorimetry was used to analyze superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) extracted from inner ear tissue. Hearing threshold of rats were detected with Auditory brainstem response (ABR).In addition, expression of GRP78 in the inner ear was detected by immunohistochemistry,RT-PCR and Western blot. The control group was studied parallel.Result:The escape latency in the model group injected with D-galactose was markedly longer than that in the control group.accordingly ,the changes of SOD and MDA were more significant in the model group, the difference between two groups was significant(t-test,P<0.01). the variation of ABR in two groups was observed, There was no statistically difference of the hearing in the model group compared with the control group(P>0.05). The expression of GRP78 was significantly different between two groups ,which is increased in the inner ear tissue of model group(P<0.01).Conclusion:The impairment of inner ear tissue partly dued to the oxidative stress in the model, which was induced by D-galactose.and endoplasmic reticulum molecular chaperone was thought to contribute to the impairment mechanism of inner ear in mimetic aging model.

To investigate the etiology and pathogenesis of cholesteatoma otitis media accompanied by cholesterol granuloma and the relationship between cholesteatoma and cholesterol granuloma, 63 cases of middle ear cholesterol granuloma treated in our hospital during the period from March 1988 to May 2000 were retrospectively reviewed. All cases were surgically and pathologically verified. 15 cases of cholesteatoma coexisting with cholesterol granuloma were found among the 63 patients. All 15 cases had a long-term history of otitis media, such as otorrhea (sanguine purulent otorrhea and bloody otorrhea in 8 cases) and perforation of the eardrum (perforation of pars flaccida in 8 cases). Temporal bone CT scans showed cholesteatoma in 11 cases. All patients were treated surgically, and cholesteatoma and cholesterol granuloma were found coexisting alternately, the latter lying mainly in the tympanic antrum, attic and mastoid air cells. Chocolate-colored mucus was accumulated in well-developed mastoid air cells, and glistening dotty cholesterol crystals were also found. In most cases, enlarged aditus, destruction of lateral attic wall, erosion of ossicular chain, exposure of horizontal segment of facial nerve and tegmen of attic were observed. Occlusion of Eustachian tube was noted in 6 cases, and occlusion of tympanic isthmus was revealed in all cases. A post-operative dry ear was achieved in all patients, and hearing improvement was achieved in all 12 cases following tympanoplasty. Cholesteatoma and cholesterol granuloma in middle ear may share a common pathophysiological etiology: occlusion of ventilation and disturbance of drainage. The diagnosis should be considered when patients presented with chronic otitis media with bloody otorrhea. CT and magnetic resonance imaging are useful for the diagnosis before operation. The surgical approach depends on the location, extension and severity of the lesion. The purpose of surgery is to remove the lesion and create an adequate drainage.
Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear/*complications ; Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear/diagnosis ; Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear/surgery ; *Cholesterol ; Granuloma, Foreign-Body/*complications ; Granuloma, Foreign-Body/diagnosis ; Granuloma, Foreign-Body/surgery ; Otitis Media/diagnosis ; Otitis Media/*etiology ; Retrospective Studies

Objective:To describe the secular trends of premarital medical examination ( PME ) in China during 1996 and 2013 and to assess the impacts of national health policies on the PME rate. Methods:The information on marriage and PME for districts and counties in 31 provinces of China was annually collected by the Office for National Maternal & Child Health Statistics of China, and the infor-mation on the health policies was from official governmental websites. According to the main health poli-cies, the calendar years were categorized into 3 periods:1996 to 2003 was mandatory PME period;2004 to 2008 was encouraged voluntary PME period; and 2009 to 2013 was free-paid voluntary PME period. Results: During the 18-year period, 284 242 719 people were registered for a marriage in which 107 198 795 were examined, giving the PME rate of 37. 7%. During the mandatory PME period, the rate ranged 52 . 7% -67 . 7% with an average of 60 . 9% ( urban 71 . 5%, and rural 51 . 7%) . In 2004 , the first year when the PME became voluntary, the rate was abruptly dropped to 2. 6%, and thereafter gradually increased to 11 . 5% in 2008 . As the policies of the free-paid voluntary PME were subsequently issued, the rate was quickly increased to 52. 3% (urban 49. 8%, and rural 54. 6%) in 2013. The in-creasing trend was consistently observed both in urban and rural areas, and across East, Middle, West, and Northeast economical regions. However, the rates differed greatly among provinces. In 2013, 5 pro-vinces had rates of >90% ( Guangxi 97 . 5%, Fujian 96 . 0%, Ningxia 95 . 4%, Zhejiang 93 . 4% and Anhui 90. 1%), whereas some provinces were stuck at a low rate, including developed and underdeve-loped provinces/cities. The PME rate in 2013 was 27. 4% for Shanghai, 25. 5% for Guangdong, 12. 4%for Chongqing, 5. 8% for Beijing and 4. 6% for Tianjin. Underdeveloped provinces were Guizhou (6. 4%) and Qinghai (1. 8%). Conclusion:As various national policies to promote voluntary PME were issued, the PME rate was significantly increased after a sharp decline, though it varied greatly by provinces. For provinces with high PME rate, PME-related health benefits need to be evaluated;for provinces with low rate, it is of important practical significance to explore a cost-effective health service model that is likely incorporated with pre-pregnancy examination.

OBJECTIVE: To observe growth inhibition effect of perlecan anti-sense cDNA (pAP) on human laryngeal carcinoma xnografted in nude mice. To vertify its antitumor effect and mechanism in vivo, and it may be useful as a biomarker in carcinoma of larynx cancer. METHOD: Created the model of human laryngeal carcinoma xnograft in nude mice. To observe growth of those xnografts in nude mice and draw growth curve of xnografted. The expression of perlecan mRNA and portein in xnografts were examined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULT: Volume of xnografts in the group transfected by the plasmids of pAP were significant small as compared with other two groups made by the wild type cells and phpApr-neol cells (P < 0.05). It was showed that the expression of perlecan mRNA and protein were significantly reduced in the tumor of pAP transfected Hep-2 cells as compared with the tumors transfected by the wild type cells and phβApr-neol cells (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION These data raise the possibility that pAP many play key roles in the growth of those xnografts in nude mice.
Animals ; DNA, Antisense ; therapeutic use ; DNA, Complementary ; Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans ; genetics ; Heterografts ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Plasmids ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transfection

In order to study the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and its significance, the expression of VEGF mRNA and COX-2 mRNA in 62 cases of LSCC and 54 adjacent noncancerous laryngeal tissues and 9 normal human laryngeal mucous tissues was detected by using techniques of semi-quantitative RT-PCR. It was found that the expression level of VEGF and COX-2 mRNA was significantly increased in LSCC as compared with that in the normal human laryngeal mucous tissues (both P < 0.01), and the expression level of VEGF and COX-2 mRNA were significantly increased in stage Ill + IV tissues of LSCC as compared with the stage I + II tissues of LSCC (P < 0.01). There was a high positive correlation between VEGF and COX-2 expression in LSCC (r = 0.756, P < 0.01). These data raise the possibility that VEGF and COX-2 may play key roles in the growth, invasion and metastasis of LSCC.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*metabolism ; Cyclooxygenase 2/*biosynthesis ; Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics ; Laryngeal Neoplasms/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Tumor Markers, Biological ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/*biosynthesis ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics

Objective The study aimed to explore the development direction of congenital heart disease surgery through comparing Europe with Guangdong General Hospital(GDGH) in data of ECHSA Congenital Database.Methods The data between 2009 to 2015 of Europe and GDGH were extracted from ECHSA Congenital Database.The data of Europe and GDGH were compared by basic information,operating difficulty and mortality.Results The results of Europe and GDGH were patient number(71 763 vs 13 119),procedure/patient ratio(126.2％ vs 104.1％),age[(75.91 ± 146.18) months VS(105.80 ± 172.18) months],the proportion of neonate (18.2％ vs 4.4％),Aristotle mean score (7.00 vs 6.67),30 days mortality (2.98％ vs 1.73 ％).The proportion of neonate palliative operation of Europe was more than that of GDGH.In adult group,Europe was more of reoperation and of GDGH was more of primary surgery.Conclusion The surgical treatment of congenital heart disease of GDGH is developing and is close to the mean average of Europe.The proportion of neonate,complex surgery and reoperation is lower than Europe.

60 curved root canals of permanent teeth with angles of curvature ranging from 15°to 40°(Schneider's methodology)were prepared using the instruments of Hyflex CM(HC) and ProTaper(PT) Universal respectively(n=30).Using standardized pre-and post-instrumentation paralleling periapical radiographs,canal curvature was determined by image analysis software and the clinical shaping effect of Hyflex CM and ProTaper rotary NiTi files were compared.The canal curvature in group HC and PT decreased by 4.54°±3.25° and 5.63°±3.84° respectively(between pre-and post-treatment in both groups,P<0.05;between groups,P>0.05).Hyflex CM can meet the clinical necessity for the instrumentation of curved root canals.

Objective To identify disease-causing mutations in a large panel of Chinese Han patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia(HSP).Methods The coding sequence of the SPG11 gene in the probands of 28 families with ARHSP and 14 sporadic HSP patients was analyzed,and the identified changes in the sequence were tested to exclude being a benign polymorphism by sequencing 200 chromosomes from normal controls.Results Identified 13 causative mutations in SPG11 gene in 7 ARHSP and 3 sporadic HSP The mutations were:c.5977C>T/p.Q1993X、c.4668T>A/p.Y1556X、c.6898_6899delCT/p.L2300AfsX23.38、c.3719_3720delTA/p.11240VfsX263、c.733_734delAT/p.M245VfsX246、c.7088_7089insATTA/p.Y2363X、c.2163_2164insT/p.1722Yfsx731、c.7101-7102insT/p.K2368X、c.6790_6791insC/p.12264PfsX2339、c.654_655delinsG/p.S218RfsX219、c.7151+4_7151+7delAGTA/p.K2384fsX2386、c.6355-21_6355-18delTCT、c.3004C>T/p.G1002X.Among them,12 were novel mutations.The rate of mutation in the SPG11 gene was 25.0%(7/28)in ARHSP,6/6 in ARHSP-TCC and 3/14 in sporadic cases.Conclusions In Chinese Han population,patients with ARHSP-TCC and sporadic HSP-TCC should be screened for SPG11.Sequencing of the SPG11 gene in these patients with is valuable for clinical diagnostic testing.

OBJECTIVE: To make clear the molecular pathways involved in hydrogen peroxide-induced spiral ganglion cells death. METHOD: The spiral ganglion cells of the newly born rats were primary cultured. Then the SGCs were exposed to hydrogen peroxide for different concentrations (0, 100, 200, 500 micromol/L) and for different hours (2, 4, 6 h). Cell nucleic were stained simultaneously with the DNA binding dyes Hoechst 33258 and propidium iodide. RESULT: At lower concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, apoptosis was the main reason for cell death. At higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, the cells died mainly by necrosis. CONCLUSION The effects of hydrogen peroxide are dose and time dependency. Reactive oxygen species may play a role as an early molecule signal in the mechanism of SGCs death.
Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Death ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spiral Ganglion ; cytology ; drug effects

Objective To explore 64 row volumetric CT 3D reconstruction in the clinical application of severe craniocerebral injury.Methods 60 patients with craniocerebral injury in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed who accept craniocerebral 64 row volumetric CT 6 to 24 hours after injury. Results All cases got timely diagnosis and treatment, especially for the special parts of brain lesions, ventricle base of skull fractures and pool, and various angles show. Conclusion 64 row volumetric CT reconstruction for the diagnosis of craniocerebral injury shows important significance and may estimate the prognosis in diagnosis, guiding treatment and surgery, reducing misdiagnosis.