Objective To investigate a clinically perspective way of inducing transplantation tolerance. Methods Kidney transplantation model was established using Lewis (RT1 l) rats as recipients and DA (RT1 a) rats as donor. Before transplantation the recipient rats were conditioned with anti lymphothyte serum (ALS) injected for three times, followed by 10 8 donor bone marrow cells transfusion (BMT) and injection of 100 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (CP), survival time of kidney allografts, mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) of recipient to donor spleen cells were observed and studied. Results 5 of the 7 kidney allografts survived 73 to 90 days without sign of rejection. The donor specific MLR and DTH were suppressed. Conclusions Induction of transplantation tolerance is a prospective way for the prevention of allograft rejection.

Objective To understand the effects of stove-improvement measures in coal-burning-induced fluoride poisoning area in Luoyang.Methods Dynamic monitoring on the fluoride concentration in indoor air,grain(corn and wheat),vegetable(chili,radish and Chinese cabbage),and the urine fluoride concentration and prevalence of dental fluorosis among8-12year old children was conducted after the performance of stove-improvement measures in coal-burning-induced fluoride poisoning area,Jiangzhuang village,Xinan county,Luoyang,during1991-2000,while the obtained data were compared with those in1990.Re sults After the performance of stove-improvement measures,all of the fluoride contents in indoor air,grain and veg-etable,the urine fluoride concentration and the prevalence of dental fluorosis of8-12aged children revealed a trend of decrease on the whole,and accorded with the corresponding standards for non-fluoride poinsoning area,despite of the fluctuating data in different years.Conclu sion The stove-improvement measures could effectively prevent the indoor air,grain and vegetable from fluoride pollution,and control the prevalence of fluoride poisoning in coal-burning-induced fluoride poisoning area.

A case of pyogenic granuloma occurred in inferior turbinate was reported and the literatures were reviewed. A 32 years old male patient with left side progressive stuffy nose and repeated epistaxis. Nasal endoscopic examination showed a dark red neoplasm in left nasal cavity and blocked the anterior naris. Nasal cavity enhanced CT showed the neoplasm located in the front of left nasal cavity with marked enhancement. Bilateral sinuses were normal and there was no significant bone destruction. Nasal endoscopic surgery was performed under local anesthesia. Postoperative pathology report showed pyogenic granuloma (granulation tissue type of angioneoplasm).
Adult ; Endoscopy ; Epistaxis ; Granuloma, Pyogenic ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Nasal Cavity ; pathology ; surgery ; Postoperative Period ; Turbinates ; pathology ; surgery

ObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of different hemoperfusion (HP) intensity on 7-day and 28-day mortality for patients with paraquat (PQ) poisoning, and examine the factors that may affect the decision of the clinicians to prescribe a high intensity HP.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted. The patients admitted to the department of critical care medicine of Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University with the diagnosis of PQ poisoning from August 2012 to August 2014, fulfilling the following criteria were enrolled in the study: older than 18 years, interval from ingestion PQ to hospital admission shorter than 12 hours, and receiving HP treatment within 24 hours, and expecting surviving time exceeding 24 hours after admission, and data of the patients available for at least 28 days after admission. Depending on the intensity of HP, patients were assigned to either lower intensity HP group (LHP, defined as receiving HP for less than 4 hours, 2 columns) or higher intensity HP group (HHP, defined as receiving HP longer than 6 hours, 3 columns). Patients' data were retrieved from hospital's electronic database after hospital admission, and the results at 7th day and 28th day were recorded. Multiple logistic regression model was used to determine factors with which the clinician decided to choose the intensity of HP for the patients, and Cox regression model was used to evaluate 7-day and 28-day mortality.Results Data of 60 patients was finally available for this study. LHP group consisted of 28 patients, with a 7-day mortality of 53.6%(15 patients) and 28-day mortality of 64.3% (28 patients); 32 patients were assigned to HHP group with 7-day mortality of 43.8% (14 patients) and 28-day mortality of 62.5% (20 patients). Twenty-eight patients constituted as the HHP group, with higher PQ concentration in plasma, higher incidence of respiratory alkalosis and acute kidney injury (AKI), and higher level of lactate (Lac) compared with LHP group. However, a lower 7-day mortality was observed in the HHP group. Multiple logistic regression model indicated that at admission, interval from ingestion PQ to hospital admission longer than 4 hours [odds ratio (OR) = 1.461, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.132-1.435,P< 0.001], younger than 50 years old (40-49 years old:OR = 1.397, 95%CI = 1.251-1.703,P = 0.002;< 40 years old:OR = 1.701, 95%CI = 1.253-1.836,P< 0.001), PQ plasma concentration≥ 2 mg/L (OR = 3.140, 95%CI = 1.511-3.091,P< 0.001), white blood cell (WBC)> 10×109/L (OR = 1.222, 95%CI = 1.032-1.275, P = 0.018), Lac> 2.0 mmol/L (OR = 2.392, 95%CI = 2.090-2.734,P< 0.001), AKI on admission (stage 2:OR = 2.350, 95%CI = 2.160-3.910,P< 0.001; stage 3:OR = 2.821, 95%CI = 1.932-3.651,P< 0.001), accompanying hypoxia (OR = 2.420, 95%CI = 2.131-2.662,P = 0.003) were more likely to receive higher intensity of HP. Furthermore when compared with patients survived for 28 days, patients who were older, with higher levels of PQ concentration at admission or after 4 hours of HP, accompanied by AKI, increased serum creatinine (SCr), WBC, Lac, and acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ (APACHEⅡ) score, lower arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and lower pH value were more likely to die. After adjusted for con-variables in COX regression model, HHP was associated with lower 7-day mortality after admission [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.843, 95%CI = 0.732-0.971, P = 0.032], but devoid of lowering effect on 28-day mortality rate (HR = 0.930, 95%CI = 0.632-1.411,P = 0.423). In addition, age> 50 years old (HR = 1.282, 95%CI = 1.050-1.530,P = 0.043), PQ concentration increased by 1 mg/L (HR = 2.521, 95%CI = 2.371-3.825,P = 0.012), AKI on admission (HR = 3.850, 95%CI = 2.071-5.391,P< 0.001), WBC>10×109/L (HR = 1.932, 95%CI = 1.782-2.171,P = 0.006), Lac> 2.0 mmol/L (HR = 2.981, 95%CI =2.210-3.792,P = 0.002), and PaCO2< 35 mmHg (HR = 1.772, 95%CI = 1.483-2.516,P = 0.008; 1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) were independent risk factors for 28-day mortality.Conclusions Though HHP was helpful in lowering mortality rate in patients with PQ poisoning within 7 days, it did not influence on 28-day mortality. Clinicians' decisions on HP intensity need further investigation, and more perfect clinical evaluation system is required for reasonable use of expensive medical resources such as HP.

Objective:To describe the secular trends of premarital medical examination ( PME ) in China during 1996 and 2013 and to assess the impacts of national health policies on the PME rate. Methods:The information on marriage and PME for districts and counties in 31 provinces of China was annually collected by the Office for National Maternal & Child Health Statistics of China, and the infor-mation on the health policies was from official governmental websites. According to the main health poli-cies, the calendar years were categorized into 3 periods:1996 to 2003 was mandatory PME period;2004 to 2008 was encouraged voluntary PME period; and 2009 to 2013 was free-paid voluntary PME period. Results: During the 18-year period, 284 242 719 people were registered for a marriage in which 107 198 795 were examined, giving the PME rate of 37. 7%. During the mandatory PME period, the rate ranged 52 . 7% -67 . 7% with an average of 60 . 9% ( urban 71 . 5%, and rural 51 . 7%) . In 2004 , the first year when the PME became voluntary, the rate was abruptly dropped to 2. 6%, and thereafter gradually increased to 11 . 5% in 2008 . As the policies of the free-paid voluntary PME were subsequently issued, the rate was quickly increased to 52. 3% (urban 49. 8%, and rural 54. 6%) in 2013. The in-creasing trend was consistently observed both in urban and rural areas, and across East, Middle, West, and Northeast economical regions. However, the rates differed greatly among provinces. In 2013, 5 pro-vinces had rates of >90% ( Guangxi 97 . 5%, Fujian 96 . 0%, Ningxia 95 . 4%, Zhejiang 93 . 4% and Anhui 90. 1%), whereas some provinces were stuck at a low rate, including developed and underdeve-loped provinces/cities. The PME rate in 2013 was 27. 4% for Shanghai, 25. 5% for Guangdong, 12. 4%for Chongqing, 5. 8% for Beijing and 4. 6% for Tianjin. Underdeveloped provinces were Guizhou (6. 4%) and Qinghai (1. 8%). Conclusion:As various national policies to promote voluntary PME were issued, the PME rate was significantly increased after a sharp decline, though it varied greatly by provinces. For provinces with high PME rate, PME-related health benefits need to be evaluated;for provinces with low rate, it is of important practical significance to explore a cost-effective health service model that is likely incorporated with pre-pregnancy examination.

Objective:To establish mice models of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections so as to investigate the inflammatory responses and histopathological changes in bloodstream infections (BSIs) mice.Methods:C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with S.aureus intravenously or intraperitoneally to induce BSIs.Survival rate , weight loss and murine sepsis scores ( MSS ) were ob-served.Blood samples and tissue homogenates were plated on agar to determine bacterial burden .Inflammatory proteins ( CRP,PCT) and cytokines ( IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) were determined by ELISA kits.Histopathologic changes were also assessed by pathological inflammation scores(PIS),macroscopic and microscopic examination.Results: About 70% survival rate was observed in 4.5×108 CFU/ml S.aureus induced BSIs mice.Body weight decreased and sepsis scores increased significantly since 24 h post-infection in BSIs mice,and more prominent in IV group.The counts of WBC began to significantly increase at 3 h post-infection,while CRP and PCT levels peaked at 48 hours in IV and IP groups ( 60.80 ±5.63 vs 40.58 ±7.54 for CRP;6.796 ±1.16 vs 2.740 ±0.36 for PCT ) . Moreover,the levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-αin serum and tissue homogenates ( liver,lungs,and kidneys ) were significantly elevated in BSIs mice.Pathological changes in tissues (liver,lungs and kidneys) and higher pathological inflammation scores (PIS) were also observed in BSIs mice.Conclusion:Our study represents an effective approach for S.aureus BSIs model to mimic human sepsis.Our results demonstrated that inflammation protein (PCT,CRP) and cytokines(IL-6,IL-1βand TNF-α) play an important role in the in-flammatory response and histopathological changes during BSIs caused by S .aureus.

Objective: To explore the role of anti-?? T cell receptor(TCR) and anti-CD80 monoclonal antibodies(mAbs) combined with donor bone marrow cells(BMCs) infusion in the induction of murine skin allografts tolerance.Methods: On day 0,2?10~8 BMCs of BALB/c mice were injected into recipient C57BL/6 mice via the tail vein,meanwhile,an intraperitoneal injection of TCR?? mAb(500 ?g) was given.On day 2,CD80 mAb was administered intraperitoneally.Skin grafting was performed on day 6.Delayed type hypersensitivity(DTH),mixed lymphocyte reaction(MLR),IL-2 reverse assay of MLR,adoptive transfer assay and chimerism detection were performed at different time points and tolerance mechanisms were investigated.Results: The mean survival time(MST) of BALB/c skin allografts in C57BL/6 recipients that were treated by anti-TCR?? and anti-CD80 mAbs combined with donor BMCs infusion was 70 days.DTH and MLR assay indicated that the tolerant mice displayed significant hyporesponsiveness.The result of IL-2 reverse test showed that clone anergy was probably involved in the formation of tolerance in the tolerant C57BL/6 mice.In vivo and in vitro adoptive transfer assay,suppressive activity in the spleens of tolerant C57BL/6 mice was observed.Chimerism existed in both the thymus and spleen of the tolerant C57BL/6 mice.The chimerism level gradually declined with time.Conclusion: Treatment of anti-TCR?? and anti-CD80 mAbs combined with donor BMCs infusion can successfully induce a long-term tolerance in BALB/c mice to C57BL/6 skin graft.Multiple mechanisms,including clone anergy,suppressor cells and chimerism are involved in the tolerance.

Objective To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on T-lymphocyte subpopulations in rats with acute pancreatitis. Methods 56 rats were randomly divided into three groups the sham group ( n = 8 ),control group( n = 24) and hyperbaric oxygen therapy group( treatment group, n = 24), then the control group and treatment groups were divided into three subgroups of 8 rats each undergoing euthanasia on days 1,3,7 after the acute pancreatitis induction. The CD4+ ,CD8+ subpopulations of T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood were detected respectively at the fist day and each day of the euthanasia. The sham group was used to make sure that the model was successfully induced. After euthanasia the pancrea was examined using electron microscopy. Results In the control group, the CD4+ cells in AP rats was significantly decreased and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ also decreased. After 7days of HBO therapy,compared with the control group, the CD4+ lymphocytes of peripheral blood in the treatment group markedly increased( P ＜0.01 ). The CD8+ lymphocytes also increased to a certain extent. And the CD4+/CD8+ ratio of peripheral blood was obviously increased(P ＜0. 01 ). Also more severe pathological changes appeared in the untreated group than in the treatment group. Conclusion Hyperbaric oxygen therapy could improve the oxygen supply in acute panereatitis, regulate T cell immune function.

Objective To investigate the expression characteristics of Glypican3 ,MMP-9 and MMP-14 in primary hepatocellular carcinoma ,and to focus on their roles on the development ,progress and metastasis of tumor .Methods 102 cases of primary hepato-cellular carcinoma were taken as the observation group and 80 cases of normal liver tissues as the control group .The expressions of Glypican3 ,MMP-9 and MMP-14 were detected by the immunohistochemistry method and their expression difference in different clinicopathological characteristics and the correlation were investigated .Results The positive rates of Glypican3 ,MMP-9 and MMP-14 expressions in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group .The positive rates of Glypi-can3 ,MMP-9 and MMP-14 expressions were closely correlated with the tumor volume ,differentiation degree ,lymph node metasta-sis ,vessel infiltration ,membrane invasion and PCNA expression .The correlation analysis showed that the positive relationships were found between Glypican3 and MMP-9 ,between Glypican3 and MMP-14 and between MMP-9 and MMP-14 in the observation group(r=0 .48 ,P=0 .024 1 ;r=0 .46 ,P=0 .013 2;r=0 .43 .P=0 .031 3) .The survival analysis showed that expressions of Glypi-can3 ,MMP-9 and MMP-14 were correlated with the patient′s prognosis .Conclusion The higher-expressions of Glypican3 ,MMP-9 and MMP-14 may promote the occurrence and development of primary hepatocellular carcinoma .Detecting the postoperative expres-sions of Glypican3 ,MMP-9 and MMP-14 has certqain value to judge the prognosis in primary hepatocellular carcinoma .

China-made 5-axis simultaneous contouring CNC machine tool and domestically developed industrial computer-aided manufacture (CAM) technology were used for full crown fabrication and measurement of crown accuracy, with an attempt to establish an open CAM system for dental processing and to promote the introduction of domestic dental computer-aided design (CAD)/CAM system. Commercially available scanning equipment was used to make a basic digital tooth model after preparation of crown, and CAD software that comes with the scanning device was employed to design the crown by using domestic industrial CAM software to process the crown data in order to generate a solid model for machining purpose, and then China-made 5-axis simultaneous contouring CNC machine tool was used to complete machining of the whole crown and the internal accuracy of the crown internal was measured by using 3D-MicroCT. The results showed that China-made 5-axis simultaneous contouring CNC machine tool in combination with domestic industrial CAM technology can be used for crown making and the crown was well positioned in die. The internal accuracy was successfully measured by using 3D-MicroCT. It is concluded that an open CAM system for dentistry on the basis of China-made 5-axis simultaneous contouring CNC machine tool and domestic industrial CAM software has been established, and development of the system will promote the introduction of domestically-produced dental CAD/CAM system.