To systematically summarize the current status of surgical techniques in biliary reconstruction and biliary complications following living donor liver transplantation and analyze the biliary reconstruction techniques and difficulties in the prevention of biliary complications.The refinements of surgical techniques and successful prevention and therapeutic strategies for reducing biliary complications after living donor liver transplantation are discussed.

Translational medicine is an emerging medical research pattern,its connotation includes a two-way process with effective translation of the latest basic research results into the available clinical medical technologies and products,and give the feedback of the clinical medical problems to the laboratory.It's a kind of bidirectional research,namely Bench to Bedside and Bedside to Bench.Translational medicine is one of the medical science frontiers.In recent years,scientists around the world pay high attention to the clinical translational applications of research results of hepatobiliary surgery,and relevant research and regulations formulation have started under the leadership of government.Actually,translational medicine plays an important role in the success of hepatobiliary surgery in liver transplantation era till now.China is expected to be at the forefront in hepatobiliary surgery and translational medicine in the world in the near future.Chinese surgical circles should have the whole world in view,set in the worldwide development in translational medicine,accelerate the dissemination of ideas in-depth to improve the technology and curative effect.

Under active exploration and practice of several generations of organ transpant workers,organ transplantation in China has developed rapidly since 2000 and achieved remarkble results.Techniques of transplantation become mature,and liver transplantation and renal transplantation have reached international advanced level,which benefit massive patients.With high attention and promotion of national government and health administrative departments,structural changes have occurred to source of national organ transplantation to form a China Model.The donation after citizen's death has become the new normal in the organ transplantation in China.Human organ donation work promots the rapid development of transplantation in China,but it also faces challenges of the donor organ shortage and quality improvement.Under the new situation,health,family planning and medical reform work of the national13th Five Year Plan puts forward new requirements on human organ donation and transplantation.Combined with practical work,this article gives a few opinions on how to scientifically further improve the quality and quantity of organ donation and transplantation and directions of future works.

AIM: To investigate the transfection efficiency of mouse liver with non-viral vector containing manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) gene. METHODS: The eukaryotic expression vector, gWiz/Mn-SOD, encoding human manganese superoxide dismutase was constructed. The plasmids of gWiz/Mn-SOD were mixed with cationic lipids, followed by injection into mice via branch of superior mesenteric vein, to induce Mn-SOD over-expression in murine liver detected by RT-PCR, Western blotting, SOD activity and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: gWiz/Mn-SOD transfection resulted in the obvious expression of exogenous Mn-SOD mRNA and protein in hepatic tissues at 8 hours after injection, and elevated mitochondria SOD activity 8.4 times in transfected hepatocytes than that in non-transfected cells at 72 hours after injection. It was showed that nearly 70% of mouse hepatocytes was obviously Mn-SOD positive after transfection. CONCLUSION: High expression efficiency of Mn-SOD gene in mouse liver is achieved safely by injection of gWiz/Mn-SOD and cationic lipid mixture into branch of superior mesenteric vein. [

AIM:To determine the effects of posthepatic manipulative bleeding on the lung injury induced by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (HIR)in rat model. METHODS:Rat 35 min total hepatic ischemia model was used in this study. We treated the experimental rats by posthepatic manipulative bleeding or IH-CV manipulative bleeding at 10 min after reperfusion. RESULTS:Two percent of body weight posthepatic manipulative bleeding with blood transfusion at 10 min after reperfusion significantly decreased circulating malondialdehyde(MDA). Tissue edema,myeloperoxidase(MPO) and MDA concentrations in lung were significantly decreased 6 h after treatments. The 7 d survival rate was remarkably improved in experimental group. CONCLUSION:Two percent of body weight posthepatic manipulative bleeding with blood transfusion at 10 min after reperfusion significantly protects the rats from lung injury induced by HIR.

Histone acetylation and deacetylation is an important regulatory way of gene expression in eukaryotic cells. As a key regulatory enzyme, histone deacetylase is overexpressed in many malignant tumors, including hepa- tocellular carcinoma. In addition, it has been suggested to be a potential therapeutic target for solid tumors. In this study, we review the classification, mechanisms, as well as the expression and regulation of histone deactylases in hepatocelhlar carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the most common devastating neoplasms worldwide with very poor prognosis.Recent studies have identified a CpG is land methylator phenotype(CIMP),which was characterized by simultaneous methylation of multiple TSGs.CIMP has been observed in multiple human malignant tumors including HCC.CIMP also plays a critical role in HCC carcinogenesis,progression,metastasis and recurrence. Therefore,detection of the methylation status of tumor-related genes can provide key information for early diagnosis,molecular classification and predicting prognosis of HCC.

The small-for-size syndrome (SFSS) is widely recognized as one of the most serious clinical complications. It substantially contributes to a poor prognosis after adult living donor liver transplantation. Currently, there is still no consensus on the exact definition and pathogenesis of SFSS. We reviewed the progress on research of pathogenesis of SFSS and put forward some relevant preventive and treatment measures, including donor selection, graft assessment, reduction of high portal vein perfusion, dual grafts technology, advanced molecular medicine and other innovative approaches. Also, we offered some relevant insights into the future research directions of SFSS.

The carcinogenesis of primary liver cancer is a complicated multi-factor, multi-step, multi-gene process.Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most important type of primary liver cancer. Allele deletions and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) play critical roles during the carcinogenesis, progress and recurrence of HCC. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) associated with HCC occurs at most autosomes and the Y chromosome. Losses at chromosomes 1p, 1q, 4q, 8p, 10q, 16q, and 17p have been documented frequently. In this article, we previewed the investigations of clinical significance of LOH, and looked forward to the application of LOH in early detection, therapy, and prediction of prognosis and susceptibility in HCC patients.

Heat shock protein 27 is a small kind of protein which is produced under stress. HSP 27 is highly conservative, and plays an important role in ischemia-reperfusion injury. With the development of organ transplantation technique,the transplantation of heart,liver,kidney becomes more and more popular, the ischemia-reperfusion injury is a significant part of the management of these procedures. The endogenic research against the injury becomes more vital. This article is the first review of the relationship between heat shock protein 27 and ischemiareperfusion injury.