There's many close relations between ?-endorphin in nerve endocrine immune net and TCM spleen deficiency;to strengthen their study is helpful to exposing TCM nature,offering new thought and method for researching TCM 5 organs nature,and to further development of combination of TCM and WM.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic method for and surgical effect on hilar cholangiocarcinoma. ] Methods The clinical features, diagnosis, surgical therapy and long term result were retrospectively analysed on 192 cases of hilar cholangiocarcinoma admitted into our hospital from Jan.1984 to Jun.1999Results] MRCP delineated 100%(44/44) of the hilar tumors. 153 cases underwent exploration. 88 cases treated by internal or external drainage have survived for 3～15 months. Tumor resection was performed on 53 cases, and orthotopic liver transplantation on 2 cases, with a resection rate of 36%(55/153) including radical resection in 38 cases (median survival period was 31 months). 17 cases undergoing palliative resection have a median survival period of 13 months. Conclusion MRCP was an ideal noninvasive preoperative examination for identifying hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Routine frozen section of the bile duct margin should be adopted. Radical resection definitely prolongs survival period. For Bismuth type Ⅲ、Ⅳ without extrahepatic metastasis, orthotopic liver transplantation was an effective surgical therapy.

Objective: To determine the activity of avidin in hens egg white power after heat treatment.Methods: Avidin from dried hens egg white powder was isolated, purified and characterized. Results: 3—6 mg and 1—3 mg of avidin could be detected from 100 g dried egg white powder after 65 ℃,80 ℃ treatments respectively. The specific activity was 9.7 units (65 ℃) or 6.8 units (80 ℃) per mg protein respectively. Conclusion: Avidin does not lose its activity completely after heat treatment at 65℃ or 80℃.

Objective To observe the effect of low frequency vibration (LFV) on bone metabolism, bone mass density (BMD), bone histomorphometric and biomechanical characterization in rats with secondary osteoporosis (OP) after spinal cord injury (SCI).MethodsSCI model was established with 50 SD rats by transecting spinal cord completely at the level of tenth thoracic vertebra, and the animals were randomly divided into 5 groups: SCI 6-week control group, SCI 12-week control group, vibration 6-week (Vi 6w) group, vibration 12-week (Vi 12w) group and vibration 6-12 week (Vi 6-12w) group. All rats of vibration groups accepted LFV (frequency=20 Hz, acceleration=0.15 g) with 10 minutes once, twice per day, and 6 days per week. The LFV was given from the forth day postoperation to the end of the sixth week in Vi 6w group, and to the end of twelfth week in Vi 12w group, while from the seventh week postoperation to the end of twelfth week in Vi 6-12w group. All animals were sacrificed when LFV test finishied. The serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone glaprotein (BGP) and serum calcium (Ca2+)/BMD of femur and the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5)/bone histomorphometric characterization of tibia/bone biomechanical characterization of femur and L5 were measured.ResultsCompared with control groups, the serum Ca2+ and BMD of promixal femur improved significantly in rats of Vi 6w group ( P<0.05), while the maximal load of L5 increased significantly in rats of Vi 12 group ( P<0.05). There were no changes in rats of Vi 6-12w group ( P>0.05).ConclusionThe early treatment of LFV may improve the secondary OP of rats with SCI, but the effect is different in different sites of rats' body. The late treatment of LFV can't improve the secondary OP, but may keep rats with SCI from deteriorating.

The present paper studies the neuronal pathways connecting the optic tectum(?)the nucleus profundus mesencephali(NPM)and the nucleus isthmi,and the morph-ology of their originating cells in Gekko gekko and Shinisaurus crocodilurus byusing horseradish peroxidase(HRP)tracing method.The results indicate that 1.There exist reciprocal topographic projections between the tectum and the nucleus.isthmi pars magnocellularis(Imc);2.The ipsilateral tecto-Imc projection originatesfrom cells mainly located in layer 7,which have piriform somata with radical den- drites;the ipsilateral Imc-tectal projection originates from piriform or polygonalneurons with a small dendritic field;3.Cells labeled in NPM following tectal injections are fusiform in shape,paler in color,whereas NPM cells labeled followingisthmic injections are numerous,whose thick dendrites often go up to the tectum(?)4.NPM injections label both tectal and isthmic cells.The former are mainly loca-ted within layer 7,while the latter are in Imc and Ipc.

Objective To study the effects of fat grafting on partial jaw deformity.Methods A total of 19 cases of partial jaw deformity.were used fat grafting in past 2.5 years,from January 2012 to June 2015.All analyses were to find suitable fat grafting method for partial jaw deformiw.Fat graft was obtained by low pressure suction and low speed centrifugation.Results A lot of 15 patients in this group had been followed up for 6 months to 2 years.9 patients was satisfied with once fat grafting and 6 with twice.Conclusions Fat grafting provides a useful alternative to partial jaw deformity with normal occlusion.But it also remains to be seen what the forward effects of fat grafting on partial jaw deformity are.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and clinical effect for percutaneous microwave ablation of type I substernal goiter under the guidance of ultrasound . Methods Thirteen patients with type I substernal goiter were selected . All patients underwent percutaneous microwave ablation treatment under the guidance of ultrasound . Thirteen patients with 47 medals nodules were performed ultrasound guided percutaneous microwave ablation . Intraoperative heat blocking blood flow was used to prevent severe hemorrhage .Liquid isolation belt and leverage from methods were used to effectively prevent surrounding important structures against heat damage .Small amount of residual method was used to avoid tracheal collapse . All patients were followed up post‐operative 1 ,3 ,6 ,12 months by monitoring of thyroid nodule volume change , adverse reactions , and postoperative complications . Results Thirteen patients with 47 medals nodules were successfully performed percutaneous microwave ablation guided by ultrasound . Among them ,2 patients performed the second treatment for too large volume of goiter ,tracheal displacement and poor physical tolerance of older . The postoperative ultrasound contrast and color Doppler showed that the lesions were completely inactivated . No obvious complications occurred in all 13 patients , and no permanent hoarseness occured . The symptoms of cervical oppression and discomfort disappeared for all patients within 1-4 months after surgery . Thirteen patients were followed up for 12 months after the operation . The thyroid function was normal and the volume reduction rate of thyroid nodules was (85 ± 31)% . Conclusions Percutaneous microwave ablation of type I substernal goiter under ultrasonic guidance is a safe and effective method to reduce the thyroid nodules with no serious complications . It is worth to be popularized in clinical practice .

Objective To investigate oxygen nebulizer usage among inpatients in an upper first‐class hospital so that this de‐vice can be used by medical personnel and patients properly .Methods Totally 409 patients were investigated about the usage of the device from May 12th to 30th 2014 ,whose outcomes were analyzed by Excel2007 software .Results The total liquid volume of in‐halation on prescription was much larger than the favorable one ,ranging from 4 to 6 mL .And the Oxygen flow ,ranging from 2 .5 to 3 .5 L/min ,was much lower than the normal flow (ranging from 6 to 8 L/min) .In addition ,all patients failed to breathe normally with occasional deep breaths and failed to gargle timely after corticosteroid inhalation .Only 3% patients cleaned their faces after corticosteroid inhalation ,43 .5% patients sit in an upright position ,44 .0% patients kept the nebulizer vertical during treatment .The accuracy rates of mouthpiece position ,the right time to stop nebulizer therapy ,rinsing the nebulizer with sterile or distilled water and allowing to air dry were 95 .1% ,99 .2% ,and 99 .3% ,respectively .Conclusion There are many common patient use nebulizer incorrectlly in the upper first‐class hospital ,and education and guidance by medical personnel should be strengthened .

Purpose　The aim is to study the effects of solubl e chit osan on antitumor factors and NK cell activity in rats.Methods　The level of NO、TNF produced by peritoneal macrophages,IFN-γ production and NK ce ll activity of spleen was detected,after different concentrations of chitosan we re injected into the sarcoma 180 rats peritoneally.Results　Th e cont ents of NO、TNF、IFN-γ and NK cell activity in sacroma 180 rats were significa ntly higher in the chitosan groups than those in the control group (P＜0.01) .Conclusion　Chitosan could impove the immune function in rats .

BACKGROUND:Sunshine time in northem region is short in winter,the infants and young children are vulnerable to lack of vitamin D. Up-to-date textbooks and the guidelines formulated by Chinese Medical Association account that glass block ultraviolet and indoor exposure to human is meaningless. Early studies have shown that sunlight exposure through glass had meaning in rats,but it was difficult to accurately quantify,while outdoor exposure in rats is difficult to continue. This expedment uses B-band ultraviolet rays,which has the impact on vitamin D metabolism in some wavelengths,to facilitate further study.OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of ultraviolet B exposure in laboratory on 25-hydroxy vitamin D(25-OHD)level and bone metabolism in the serum of growing rats.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A randomized controlled animal experiment was performed in June 2007 in the ExperimantalAnimal Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital.MATERIALS:Forty male 21-day-old Wistar rats were employed in this study. Ultraviolet waves were sourced from an artificial UV light instrument(wavelength 280-350 μm,irradiation intensity 5.5μW/cm~2).METHODS:Forty Wistar rats were divided into four groups by random sampling table,exposed to different doses of ultraviolet Bwave. Direct exposure group:direct exposure for 20 minutes at an irradiation dose of 4.2 mJ/(cm~2·d);Indirect exposure 60 and 120 min groups:exposure through a single pane of glass for 60 and 120 minutes at an irradiation dose of 0.36 and 0.72 mJ/(cm~2·d).Control group:no exposure was given. For the direct exposure group,the lamp was placed above the cage. A 3-mm-thick pane of glass(common window glass) was placed underneath the lamp in the indirect exposure groups. Exposure groups were given irradiation for successive 20 days.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Serum 25-OHD,bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP),and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured on day 21.RESULTS:25-OHD was significantly higher in all exposure groups compared with the control group (P＜0.001),but there was no difference between the direct exposure group and two indirect exposure groups. BALP was significantly lower in the exposure groups than control group (P＜0.001),it was also significantly lower in the 120-min indirect group than in the 60-min indirect group (P=0.022). There was a positive correlation between exposure dose and 25-OHD (r=0.555,P=0.002) and a negative correlation between exposure dose and BALP (r=0.595,P=0.001),also a negative correlation between 25-OHD and BALP (r=0.569,P=0.002),but there were no differences between groups for BMD. Exposure dose exhibited a threshold,serum 25-OHD and BALP no longer increased or decreased when it was 0.36 mJ/(cm~2·d).CONCLUSION:Midwave ultraviolet rays might affect serum 25-OHD and BALP levels in the growing rats through glass exposure,with no significant difference compared to direct exposure. The B-band ultraviolet exposure dose may play an important role in serum 25-OHD synthesis,but there is a threshold dose for the synthesis. Low-dose and prolonged exposure time also achieve threshold exposure.