OBJECTIVE To evaluate the post-marketing safety of Compound porcine cerebroside and ganglioside injection in patients with ischemic stroke. METHODS A drug-induced， prospective， non-controlled clinical study design was conducted. Using the patients with ischemic stroke who received Compound porcine cerebroside and ganglioside injection at least once in 46 secondary class A and above medical institutions across the country from April 2020 to May 2021 as the monitoring objects， and their basic data， medication information and the occurrence of adverse drug reactions were analyzed. RESULTS Among 13 514 patients with ischemic stroke， the incidence of adverse events was 10.01%， and the incidence of adverse reactions related to Compound porcine cerebroside and ganglioside injection was 0.33%. Drug-related adverse drug reactions were mild or moderate， concentrated in the gastrointestinal system （18 cases）， skin and subcutaneous tissue （10 cases）， nervous system （7 cases） and other systems/organs， mainly including constipation， abdominal pain， diarrhea， rash， pruritus， dizziness and other symptoms. Most of the patients （91.03%） recovered or improved after treatment， and 2 patients died. Among the 45 patients with adverse drug reactions， 84.44% were cured or improved after drug withdrawal or symptomatic treatment， and 15.56% had no significant change. The incidence of adverse drug reactions in tertiary hospitals was significantly higher than that in secondary hospitals， and the incidence of adverse drug reactions in patients with allergic history was significantly higher than that in patients without allergic history （P＜0.05）. Irrational drug use was found in 2.76% of patients， and the incidence of adverse drug reactions（2.95%） was significantly higher than that in patients without irrational drug use（0.26%，P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The adverse drug reaction symptoms of ischemic stroke patients treated with Compound porcine cerebroside and ganglioside injection are relatively common， the incidence rate is generally low， and it is related to the patients’ physique and whether the drug use is standardized.

OBJECTIVE： To establish a method for simultaneous determination of α-pinene， β-pinene， limonene and α-terpineol in volatile oil of Forsythia suspensa. METHODS： GC method was adopted. The determination was performed on HP-5 capillary column through temperature-programmed route. The inlet temperature was 230 ℃， and detector temperature was 250 ℃； split sampling was applied （split ratio of 8 ∶ 1）； the air flow rate was 300 mL/min， the hydrogen flow rate was 30   mL/min， the tail gas flow rate was 30 mL/min， and the injection volume was 1 μL. Using limonene as internal reference， relative correction factors of α-pinene， β-pinene and α-terpineol were established， and the reproducibility of relative correction factors were investigated by using different chromatographs and columns， and chromatographic peak location of components was measured. The contents of above components were calculated with QAMS， and then compared with the results of external standard method. RESULTS： The linear range of α-pinene， β-pinene， limonene and α-terpineol were 16.5-990.0， 38.1-2 287.5， 8.2-491.2， 2.4-142.5  μg/mL， respectively （r≥0.999 1）. RSDs of precision， reproducibility and stability tests were all lower than 3％ （n＝6）. Average recoveries were 99.7％-105.5％（RSD＜4％，n＝9）. Compared with limonene （1.00），the average relative correction factors of α-pinene， β-pinene and α-terpineol were 0.91，0.86 and 1.11（n＝3）； relative retention time were 0.69-0.74， 0.81-0.86， 1.25-1.35（RSD＜3％，n＝3）. By using different chromatographs and columns， RSDs of relative correction factors were 0.21％-4.65％（n＝6）. Compared with external standard method， determination results of above 4 components were consistent （the absolute value of relative error were all less than 7％）. CONCLUSIONS： QAMS can be used for simultaneous determination of 4 kinds of effective components in volatile oil from F. suspensa.

Objective:The present study was aimed to evaluate the nutritional risk using nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS2002) score and to investigate the impact of nutrition support on clinical outcome in hospitalized patients.Methods:Six hundred and ninety four hospitalized patients were recruited.NRS 2002 was applied to evaluate the nutritional risk of patients.Meanwhile,the effect of nutrition support on complication rate was evaluated between different types of patients.Results:14.0％ of patients had malnutrition and the incidence of nutritional risk was 27.5％.Patients with nutritional risk had a higher complication rate (P ＜0.01).Totally,22.0％ (153/694) patients received nutrition support,including 81.7％ patients with nutritional risk and 18.3％ patients without nutritional risk.Patients with nutritional risk benefited from nutrition support,as shown by lower complication rate and shorter length of hospital stay.In patients with nutritional risk,complication rate was lower in enteral fed patients compared to parenteral fed patients.Conclusion:With nutritional risk screening,patients' nutritional status can be evaluated and appropriate nutrition support can be performed.Compared to those without nutritional risk,patients with nutritional risk will benefit more from nutrition support,as indicated by lower complication rate and reduced length of hospital stay.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for reducing the occurrence of ADR and disposing ADR correctly. METHODS:Using the Excel statistics and manual screening,528 ADR reports were collected from a third grade class A hospital in Chongqing during Oct. 2005 to Dec. 2015. Those ADR cases were analyzed statistically in respects of general information of ADR patients, routes of administration and occurence time,types of ADR-inducing drugs,organs/systems involved in ADR and clinical manifesta-tions,disposal and outcomes,etc. RESULTS:A total of 285 cases(53.98%)of ADR occurred in elderly patients aged more than 65. Most of original diseases were respiratory system disease(144 cases,27.27%). 124 ADR cases occurred in people who had al-lergic history(23.48%). Most of ADR cases were induced by intravenous administration(428 cases,81.06%). ADR frequently oc-curred within 1 h after medication(385 cases,72.92%). Anti-infective agents(211 cases,39.96%)and TCM preparations(67 cas-es,12.69%) were the top 2 involved drug types. The most common ADR occurred in skin and its appendants (175 cases, 33.14%),followed by general reaction(148 cases,28.03%)and administration sites(63 cases,11.93%). The treatment of ADR mainly involved drug withdrawal and symptomatic treatment (285 cases,53.98%). ADR mainly were cured and recovered (509 cases,96.40%). CONCLUSIONS:The characteristics and regularity of ADR disposal should be analyzed to formulate clinical path-way for ADR diagnosis,suspected cases observation,examination,disposal and rescue. When the patient has general reaction or re-spiratory system and circulatory system problems,treatments should be more actively processed.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for ration use of TCM injection. METHODS:The utilization of TCM injections in 39 hospitals from Chongqing area during 2012-2014 was analyzed statistically in respects of consumption sum,DDDs,DDC and B/A. RESULTS:The total consumption sum of TCM injections increased slowly in 39 hospitals from Chongqing area during 2012-2014,increasing from 767 581 thousand yuan to 911 759 thousand yuan,with annual growth rate of 8.98%. Total sum of consumption sum of top 10 drugs was 1 326 019.7 thousand yuan,accounting for 51.11% of total. The consumption sum of Hong-hua injection and Shenxiong glucose injection always took up the first 2 places in those years. DDDs of Xuesaitong injection, Shenxiong glucose injection glucose,Honghua injection and Shuxuetong injection always took up the first 4 places in those years. DDC of Xuebijing injection and Kanglaite injection always took up the first and second places in those years. Among top 10 TCM injection in the list of consumption sum,most of B/A was lower than 1.00;B/A of Shuxuetong injection,Xingnaojing injection, Shenqiong glucose injection and Xueshuantong injection were close or equal to 1.00. Xuesaitong injection was the one that B/A>1.00 from beginning to end. CONCLUSIONS:Total use of TCM injection increased steadily and drug use relatively concentrated in 39 hospitals from Chongqing area during 2012-2014,and rationality of drug use by physicians had been improved gradually.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of anti-tumor essential medicine in the clinic. METHODS:The application of anti-tumor essential medicine in 39 hospitals from Chongqing area during 2012-2014 was analyzed statistically in re-spects of consumption sum,DDDs,DDC and B/A. RESULTS:The total consumption sum of anti-tumor essential medicine in 39 hospitals from Chongqing area during 2012-2014 increased from 10 083.65 ten thousand yuan to 15 186.65 ten thousand yuan,with annual increase rate of 22.72%. 3-year total consumption sum was 37 952.45 ten thousand yuan,and the sum of consumption sum of top 10 medicines was 36 742.24 ten thousand yuan,accounting for 96.81%;top 3 medicines were paclitaxel,oxaliplatin and flu-orouracil. During 2012-2014,DDDs had changed to certain extent,and the front medicines contained tegafur,paclitaxel and cyclo-phosphamide,etc;the most increment medicine was paclitaxel (oral),whose annual growth rate was 59.63%;that of tamoxifen decreased year by year,with annual decrease rate of 5.14%. DDC of paclitaxel,oxaliplatin and etoposide were the higher others. Annual B/A of oxaliplatin,fluorouracil and cytosine arabinoside were all lower than 1.00. CONCLUSIONS:The lonsumption sum and DDDs of anti-tumor essential medicine had increased reasonably in 39 hospitals from Chongqing area during 2012-2014,while their DDC had kept stable. Main medicines used in the clinic are suitable for numerous indications,and are expensive.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for drug production,parchase and use in local governments,health care depart-ment,hospitals,manufacturers and sales enterprises,etc. METHODS:By consumption sum sorting method,the information of 14 categories and key types in 34 hospitals from Chongqing area during 2012-2014 were analyzed statistically such as sales,produc-tion manufacturers. RESULTS:The consumption sum of 34 hospitals from Chongqing area increased by 15%-17% during 2012-2014. The consumption sum and proportion of anti-infective drugs showed a downward trend,decreasing by 3.28%. Those of respi-ratory system drugs and anti-tumor drugs had the largest increase,with increasing rate of 79.01% and 69.39%,respectively. Do-mestic drugs accounted for about 73% market share,and sales of imported drugs increased more than domestic and joint-stock drugs,increasing by 40.17%. Among 6 Chongqing pharmaceutical manufacturers on the top 100 consumption sum shortlist,total consumption sum of 3 manufacturers had increased;the consumption sum of top 10 foreign pharmaceutical manufactures increased year by year. CONCLUSIONS:The consumption sum of drugs is increasing in Chongqing area. Anti-infective drugs accounted for less than 16%,which is the achievements of clinical application of antibiotics special rectification activities for 3 years. Both respi-ratory system disease and malignant tumor have high incidence in Chongqing area. Domestic drugs still are main types in hospital. Foreign manufacturers develop well in China,but Chongqing pharmaceutical manufacturers show unsatisfactory development pros-pect.

Objective To investigate the status of nutritional risk and nutritional support in general surgery patients, and to explore their association with postoperative complications and length of hospital stay.Methods From January 2014 to February 2015, 853 inpatients in general surgical wards in the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University were enrolled.Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) was used to estimate nutritional status of patients.The patients were divided into 2 groups based on whether they received nutritional support.The length of hospital stay in days and postoperative complications were recorded.The association of nutritional risk and nutritional support with complications and length of hospital stay were analyzed.Results In the 853 surgery patients, the prevalence of nutritional risk was 31.1％ (265/853) and that of malnutrition was 5.4％ (46/853).The incidence of postoperative complications was 14.2％ (121/853).The patients with nutritional risk had a significantly higher incidence of postoperative complications compared to those without nutritional risk [29.8％ (79/265) vs.7.1％ (42/588) , P ＜ 0.000] , and a longer hospital stay [(12.5 ±6.4) days vs.(4.2 ±3.9) days, P ＜0.001].In the 853 patients, 27.3％ (233/853) received nutrition support.In the patients with nutritional risk, those on nutritional support had a significantly lower incidence of complications compared with those not on nutritional support [16.7％ (32/192) vs.64.4％ (47/73), P＜0.05] and shorter hospital stay [(7.5±4.6) days vs.(16.3±8.5)days, P ＜ 0.05].Conclusions According to NRS 2002 result, a fairly high percentage of general surgery patients may have nutritional risk.Patients with decreased body mass, less dietary intake, and at higher age may be more likely to have nutritional risk.Nutritional risk may be associated with a higher incidence of postoperative complications and longer hospital stay.Patients at nutritional risk appear to be more likely to benefit from nutritional support.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of electrolyte on the stability of the neonatal parenteral nutrition. METHODS:Under room temperature(25 ℃),the neonatal parenteral nutrition containing only monovalent or bivalent ion electrolyte(10% So-dium chloride injection,10% Potassium chloride injection,25% Magnesium sulfate injection,and Calcium gluconate injection) and containing both monovalent and bivalent ion electrolyte were investigated by the change of appearance to determine the pH val-ue,insoluble particles and the size and distribution (polydispersity index,PDI) within 24 h. RESULTS:The pH of the nutrition with electrolyte was over 5 and also met the quality requirements;there were no precipitate,flocculation and discoloration in the appearance;the neonatal parenteral nutrition containing only monovalent ion electrolyte appeared a small amount of hanging wall phenomenon for 24 h,but did not appear demulsification phenomenon;the neonatal parenteral nutrition containing only bivalent ion electrolyte appeared a small amount of hanging wall phenomenon and demulsification phenomenon for 24 h;the neonatal paren-teral nutrition containing both monovalent and bivalent ion electrolyte appeared a small amount of hanging wall phenomenon and de-mulsification phenomenon for 12 h and the hanging wall phenomenon was more obvious for 24 h. Meanwhile,a size bigger than 5μm microns and particle size bigger than 25 μm microns of insoluble particles appeared,and both the average particle size and PDI value were higher than those in the previous two situations(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:As more and more monovalent and biva-lent ion electrolyte being added into the neonatal parenteral nutrition,especially divalent ion electrolyte,the stability of the neona-tal parenteral nutrition decreases,which behaves as a phenomenon that the size of grains and the number of insoluble particles in-crease.

Objective To summarize our experience in the liver transplantation from the donation after cardiac death (DCD).Methods The livers from three DCD donors (2 cases of brain trauma and 1 case of cerebral hemorrhage) were harvested according to the Guidelines for Donation after Cardiac Death in China.These grafts were orthotopically transplanted into three recipients including 2 cases of decompensative hepatic cirrhosis and 1 case of primary liver cancer.The warm ischemic time ranged from 7.5 to 10 min and the cold ischemic time was 4.5,8.2 and 6.5 h respectively.Postoperative immunosuppressive regimens included prednisone,FK506 and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF).Antibiotics and anticoagulatants were used accordingly.Results All of the 3 recipients obtained normal liver function within 3 weeks since the grafts were implanted without PNF,thrombosis and rejection.No postoperative complications occurred in 3 recipients during the follow-up period of 2 to 9 months with normal liver function.Conclusion The liver transplant from DCD donor showed good results in our center.Chinese group Ⅲ of DCD donor,UW score above the middle level and the short warm ischemic time are three keys ensuring the success of the liver transplant from DCD donors.