Objective:To examine the discriminatory potential of the ADAS-Cog, Chinese version for mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods:Patients with AD (199 mild AD and 106 moderate AD) meeting the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria of probable AD were recruited. The Chinese version of ADAS-Cog was administered to all AD subjects. Results:The total score of ADAS-Cog and the score of each ADAS-Cog item differed significant-ly between mild and moderate AD groups, with higher scores in moderate AD group. GLM analysis showed insignifi-cant influence of age or educational level on the ADAS-Cog total score. These results indicated that ADAS-Cog could represent the distinctive profiles of cognitive impairment between mild and moderate AD. The results of Logis-tic regression analysis showed that the item score of orientation and constructional praxis as well as the ADAS-Cog total score could classify mild and moderate AD efficiently, with a sensitivity of 78% - 82% and a specificity of 70% - 73%. Conclusion:Our results indicate that the Chinese version of ADAS-Cog is useful for staging of AD. It is recom-mended that the Chinese version of ADAS-Cog be introduced for monitoring the AD drug therapeutic efficacy on cognitive impairment among Chinese AD patients.psychiatry Alzheimer's disease

Objective:To explore the difference in susceptibility to high-fat diet induced obesity in rats,as well as the changes of serum proteins. Method:Forty male SD rats were divided into basic group and high-fat diet group randomly. After 5w feeding DIO(diet-induced obesity)and DIO-R(diet-induced obesity resistance) rats were selected according to their body weight gain. The rats were sacrificed and the changes of serum proteins were screened using WCX2 proteomic chips made by American Ciphergen Biosystems. Results: DIO rats were significantly different from DIO-R rats in body weight,body-fat ratio,blood glucose and blood lipids. At the molecular weight range between 2 to 100 ku,the proteins with molecular weight of 7 945 and 9 513 were significantly expressed differently between DIO and DIO-R rats,and the proteins with molecular weight of 4496, 6152, 6267 were significantly expressed differently between DIO-R and control rats (the rats were fed basic diet). Conclusion:Different susceptibility to DIO or DIO-R was found in SD rats when they were fed high-fat diet. The differentially expressed serum proteins between DIO rats and DIO-R were observed,which might provide the basis for further isolation,purification and identification of these proteins.

Objective To understand the situation of medical students' social adaptability and analyze its relationship with their family upbringing style.Methods A cross-sectional study was adopted,and the random sampling method was used to selected medical students as targeted population in a medical university in Jilin City.Parenting Style Assessment Scale and Social Adaptation Diagnostic Scale were applied to know the family rearing styles and social adaptability status of medical college students.Results Among the 198 responders,the proportion of good and strong social adaptability among medical college studies accounted for only 8.1％ (16) and 2.0％ (4);The social adaptation ability of the urban students and the only child students was higher than that of the rural and non only child students (P＜0.05);In parental rearing pattems,regardless of sex,whether students were the only child and where their census register was,emotional warmth and understanding were all positively correlated with medical students' social adaptation ability (P＜0.05),while refusal and denial were negatively correlated with medical students' social adaptation ability (P＜0.05);In addition,the punishment,severe over protection and other parenting styles also showed a certain degree of negative correlation with social adaptability(P＜0.05).Conclusion The social adaptability of medical students is poor,and their parenting styles was correlated with their social adaptation ability.Parents should give their children warmth and understanding,rather than rejection,denial,punishment,and overprotection,which will help to improve medical students' social adaptability.

In this study, it is to compare the effectiveness of prevention against and treatment of doxorubicin (DOX) induced cardiotoxicity by dexrazoxane and schisandrin B (Sch B) in rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the following 6 groups: normal saline group, DOX group, DOX+DEX group, DOX+Sch B (80 mg x kg(-1)) group, DOX+Sch B (40 mg x kg(-1)) group and DOX+Sch B (20 mg x kg(-1)) group. The results showed that Sch B could combat the increase of myocardial enzymes in peripheral blood, decrease of the enzyme activity of myocardial tissue antioxidant enzymes and disorders of systolic and diastolic function of heart in rats intravenously injected with doxorubicin (15 mg x kg(-1)). Sch B was better than DEX in protecting rat against DOX-induced the symptoms. Sch B could protect rat against DOX-induced acute cardiomyopathy and has clinical potential applications.

Objective: A three-dimensional-printed individual titanium plate was applied for maxillary protraction to eliminate side effects and obtain the maximum skeletal effect. This study aimed to explore the stress distribution characteristics of sutures during maxillary protraction using individual titanium plates in various directions and locations. Methods: A protraction force of 500 g per side was applied at forward and downward angles between 0° and 60° with respect to the Frankfort horizontal plane, after which the titanium plate was moved 2 and 4 mm upward and downward, respectively. Changes in sutures with multiple protraction directions and various miniplate heights were quantified to analyze their impact on the maxillofacial bone. Results: Protraction angle of 0–30° with respect to the Frankfort horizontal plane exhibited a tendency for counterclockwise rotation in the maxilla. At a 40° protraction angle, translational motion was observed in the maxilla, whereas protraction angles of 50–60° tended to induce clockwise rotation in the maxilla. Enhanced protraction efficiency at the lower edge of the pyriform aperture was associated with increased height of individual titanium plates. Conclusions Various protraction directions are suitable for patients with different types of vertical bone surfaces. Furthermore, when the titanium plate was positioned lower, the protraction force exhibited an increase.

The treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion in adolescents is challenging.Maxillary protraction, particularly that using bone anchorage, has been proven to be an effective method for the stimulation of maxillary growth. However, the conventional procedure, which involves the surgical implantation of mini-plates, is traumatic and associated with a high risk. Three-dimensional (3D) digital technology offers the possibility of individualized treatment. Customized miniplates can be designed according to the shape of the maxillary surface and the positions of the roots on cone-beam computed tomography scans; this reduces both the surgical risk and patient trauma. Here we report a case involving a 12-year-old adolescent girl with skeletal Class III malocclusion and midface deficiency that was treated in two phases. In phase 1, rapid maxillary expansion and protraction were performed using 3D-printed mini-plates for anchorage.The mini-plates exhibited better adaptation to the bone contour, and titanium screw implantation was safer because of the customized design. The orthopedic force applied to each mini-plate was approximately 400–500 g, and the plates remained stable during the maxillary protraction process, which exhibited efficacious orthopedic effects and significantly improved the facial profile and esthetics. In phase 2, fixed appliances were used for alignment and leveling of the maxillary and mandibular dentitions. The complete two-phase treatment lasted for 24 months. After 48 months of retention, the treatment outcomes remained stable.

OBJECTIVETo realize the oxidative damage of kidney mitochondrial complex in obese rats induced by high-fat diet and investigate the protective effects of sulforaphane against the damage.

METHODSEighty-eight adult male SD rats were used, after 1 week adaptability feeding, 8 rats were selected as control group and given low-fat diet. The other 80 rats were given high-fat diet. After 2 weeks, the 32 diet-induced obesity models were choosen whose weight gain was higher than 40%. The 32 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, i.e. high fat group, high fat+sulforaphane low dose group, high fat+sulforaphane middle dose group and high fat+sulforaphane high dose group. The rats in the sulforaphane low, middle and high dose groups were orally administered with sulforaphane 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, all the 4 groups were kept feeding high-fat diet for 5 weeks. All rats were sacrificed and their kidneys were removed to assay the index of oxidative damages.

RESULTSThe content of ROS (0.26 ± 0.04) and MDA((0.87 ± 0.05) U/mg) in the hight-fat group were significantly higher than those in the control group((0.20 ± 0.02),(0.57 ± 0.08) U/mg)(t values were -3.02 and -4.72, P < 0.05). The activity of T-AOC((0.43 ± 0.04) U/mg) and MMP (12.09 ± 1.56) were lower than the control group ((0.48 ± 0.04 U/mg, (16.08 ± 3.12) )(t values were 2.06 and 2.28, P < 0.05). Gavage intervention with sulforaphane, the MDA amount ((0.67 ± 0.05), (0.55 ± 0.05), (0.56 ± 0.07) U/mg) in the sulforaphane low, middle and high dose groups were lower than the hight-fat group ((0.87 ± 0.05) U/mg (t values were 3.65, 5.71 and 5.60. P < 0.05). The activity of T-AOC ((0.49 ± 0.05), (0.55 ± 0.05), (0.54 ± 0.04) U/mg), T-SOD ((61.07 ± 2.79), (55.95 ± 2.39), (60.26 ± 6.02) U/mg) and the level of MMP ((17.17 ± 2.52), (18.24 ± 2.54), (18.21 ± 3.65)) were higher than in the high-fat group ((0.43 ± 0.04) U/mg,(47.22 ± 2.43) U/mg,(12.09 ± 1.56)) (tT-AOC values were -2.36, -4.83 and -4.30; tT-SOD values were -6.37, -4.71 and -5.99; tMMP values were -2.90, -3.52 and -3.50, P < 0.05). The activity of GSH-Px in the sulforaphane low and middle dose groups ((69.12 ± 8.63), (64.43 ± 6.58) U/mg) were higher than those in the high-fat group((53.03 ± 5.70) U/mg)(t values were -3.82 and -2.71, P < 0.05). But there were no significant difference between the high dose group ((60.02 ± 7.05) U/mg) and the high-fat group (t = -1.66, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONHigh-fat diet can induce the mitochondrial oxidative dysfunction in kidney, and sulforaphane shows protective effect on the kidney mitochondrial complex from oxidative damage in obese rats induced by high-fat diet.

Animals ; Diet ; Diet, High-Fat ; Isothiocyanates ; Kidney ; Male ; Mitochondria ; Obesity ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains

Objective To realize the oxidative damage of kidney mitochondrial complex in obese rats induced by high-fat diet and investigate the protective effects of sulforaphane against the damage . Methods Eighty-eight adult male SD rats were used , after 1 week adaptability feeding , 8 rats were selected as control group and given low-fat diet.The other 80 rats were given high-fat diet.After 2 weeks, the 32 diet-induced obesity models were choosen whose weight gain was higher than 40%.The 32 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, i.e.high fat group, high fat +sulforaphane low dose group , high fat +sulforaphane middle dose group and high fat +sulforaphane high dose group.The rats in the sulforaphane low, middle and high dose groups were orally administered with sulforaphane 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, all the 4 groups were kept feeding high-fat diet for 5 weeks.All rats were sacrificed and their kidneys were removed to assay the index of oxidative damages .Results The content of ROS (0.26 ±0.04) and MDA((0.87 ± 0.05) U/mg) in the hight-fat group were significantly higher than those in the control group ((0.20 ± 0.02),(0.57 ±0.08) U/mg) (t values were -3.02 and -4.72, P <0.05).The activity of T-AOC ((0.43 ±0.04) U/mg) and MMP (12.09 ±1.56) were lower than the control group ((0.48 ± 0.04 U/mg,(16.08 ±3.12) ) (t values were 2.06 and 2.28,P <0.05).Gavage intervention with sulforaphane , the MDA amount ( ( 0.67 ±0.05 ) , ( 0.55 ±0.05 ) , ( 0.56 ±0.07 ) U/mg ) in the sulforaphane low , middle and high dose groups were lower than the hight-fat group ( ( 0.87 ±0.05 ) U/mg (t values were 3.65,5.71 and 5.60.P<0.05).The activity of T-AOC((0.49 ±0.05),(0.55 ±0.05), (0.54 ±0.04) U/mg), T-SOD((61.07 ±2.79), (55.95 ±2.39), (60.26 ±6.02) U/mg) and the level of MMP((17.17 ±2.52), (18.24 ±2.54), (18.21 ±3.65)) were higher than in the high-fat group ((0.43 ±0.04) U/mg,(47.22 ±2.43) U/mg,(12.09 ±1.56))(tT-AOC values were -2.36, -4.83 and-4.30;tT-SOD values were -6.37, -4.71 and -5.99; tMMP values were -2.90,-3.52 and -3.50, P<0.05 ).The activity of GSH-Px in the sulforaphane low and middle dose groups ( ( 69.12 ±8.63 ) , (64.43 ±6.58) U/mg) were higher than those in the high-fat group((53.03 ±5.70) U/mg)(t values were -3.82 and -2.71,P<0.05).But there were no significant difference between the high dose group ((60.02 ±7.05) U/mg) and the high-fat group (t=-1.66,P>0.05).Conclusion High-fat diet can induce the mitochondrial oxidative dysfunction in kidney , and sulforaphane shows protective effect on the kidney mitochondrial complex from oxidative damage in obese rats induced by high -fat diet.

Objective To realize the oxidative damage of kidney mitochondrial complex in obese rats induced by high-fat diet and investigate the protective effects of sulforaphane against the damage . Methods Eighty-eight adult male SD rats were used , after 1 week adaptability feeding , 8 rats were selected as control group and given low-fat diet.The other 80 rats were given high-fat diet.After 2 weeks, the 32 diet-induced obesity models were choosen whose weight gain was higher than 40%.The 32 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, i.e.high fat group, high fat +sulforaphane low dose group , high fat +sulforaphane middle dose group and high fat +sulforaphane high dose group.The rats in the sulforaphane low, middle and high dose groups were orally administered with sulforaphane 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, all the 4 groups were kept feeding high-fat diet for 5 weeks.All rats were sacrificed and their kidneys were removed to assay the index of oxidative damages .Results The content of ROS (0.26 ±0.04) and MDA((0.87 ± 0.05) U/mg) in the hight-fat group were significantly higher than those in the control group ((0.20 ± 0.02),(0.57 ±0.08) U/mg) (t values were -3.02 and -4.72, P <0.05).The activity of T-AOC ((0.43 ±0.04) U/mg) and MMP (12.09 ±1.56) were lower than the control group ((0.48 ± 0.04 U/mg,(16.08 ±3.12) ) (t values were 2.06 and 2.28,P <0.05).Gavage intervention with sulforaphane , the MDA amount ( ( 0.67 ±0.05 ) , ( 0.55 ±0.05 ) , ( 0.56 ±0.07 ) U/mg ) in the sulforaphane low , middle and high dose groups were lower than the hight-fat group ( ( 0.87 ±0.05 ) U/mg (t values were 3.65,5.71 and 5.60.P<0.05).The activity of T-AOC((0.49 ±0.05),(0.55 ±0.05), (0.54 ±0.04) U/mg), T-SOD((61.07 ±2.79), (55.95 ±2.39), (60.26 ±6.02) U/mg) and the level of MMP((17.17 ±2.52), (18.24 ±2.54), (18.21 ±3.65)) were higher than in the high-fat group ((0.43 ±0.04) U/mg,(47.22 ±2.43) U/mg,(12.09 ±1.56))(tT-AOC values were -2.36, -4.83 and-4.30;tT-SOD values were -6.37, -4.71 and -5.99; tMMP values were -2.90,-3.52 and -3.50, P<0.05 ).The activity of GSH-Px in the sulforaphane low and middle dose groups ( ( 69.12 ±8.63 ) , (64.43 ±6.58) U/mg) were higher than those in the high-fat group((53.03 ±5.70) U/mg)(t values were -3.82 and -2.71,P<0.05).But there were no significant difference between the high dose group ((60.02 ±7.05) U/mg) and the high-fat group (t=-1.66,P>0.05).Conclusion High-fat diet can induce the mitochondrial oxidative dysfunction in kidney , and sulforaphane shows protective effect on the kidney mitochondrial complex from oxidative damage in obese rats induced by high -fat diet.

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of seasonal variation on neurotransmitter release in the hippocampus of normal rats and rats with pineal excision. Methods: Two time points, the summer and winter solstice, which are the longest and shortest days of the year, respectively, were selected. Male Sprague-Dawley rats that underwent a sham operation without pineal excision were included as a control group. The concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were determined by radioimmunoassays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. Results: In the winter, the 5-HT and GABA levels in normal rats exhibited a significant difference compared with those in the operation group (P < .01). A difference was also noted in GABA levels be-tween the normal group and the sham operation group (P<.05). The concentrations of 5-HT and GABA in the hippocampal tissues of the normal group exhibited a seasonal rhythm consisting of elevation during the summer and reduction during the winter (P < .01), while the GABA levels in the sham operation group exhibited a significant difference, with elevation during the summer and reduction during the winter (P<.01). In the operation group, GABA showed the same trend (P<.01). Conclusion: The seasonal rhythm of neurotransmitter secretion by the hippocampus (5-HT and GABA) consisted of elevation during the summer and reduction during the winter. During the winter, the pineal gland exhibited a reverse regulatory effect on the secretion of 5-HT and GABA in the hippocampus, and it exhibited seasonal selectivity with regard to the regulation of 5-HT.