Based on the case of Chinese Marxism Theory,this article comments on the three demands on ideological and political theories teaching.These three demands are students' demands,course requirements and appeal of academic learning.If these demands is properly fulfilled,the functions of ideological and political theories teaching will be realized.

Based on the curriculum reform of The Theory of Deng Xiaoping and "Three Representatives",this paper probes into the basic implementation process of internet-based active learning and collaborative learning in teaching,brings forward the main issues in the research of active learning and collaborative learning.We exert ourselves to bring forth the new teaching reform in higher ideology education.

Objective To explore the effect on efficacy and safety of Wuling capsule on patients with post-stroke depression.Methods From July 2012 to September 2014, 90 post-stroke depression patients were selected in our hospital.The patients were divided into treatment group (n=45) and control group (n=45) by random number table method.The post-stroke depression patients in control group were treated with fluoxetine as clinical drug program.The post-stroke depression patients in treatment group were treated with Wuling capsule as clinical drug program, six weeks for a course of treatment, both group were treated after two courses,the clinical indicators improve effect, clinical treatment, changes of cytokines, incidence of adverse reactions of the patients between two groups were compared and analyzed.Results Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) scores and Barther index (BI) scores of patients in treatment group post-treatment were better than control group (P<0.05) .Compared with control group, the ratio of clinical efficiency and total efficiency significant in treatment group were increased significantly (P<0.05).The patients in treatment group post-treatment, the levels of cytokine of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) decreased significantly (P<0.05) .Compared with control group, the incidences of adverse effect of patients in treatment group were decreased (P<0.05).Conclusions Wuling capsule has certain therapeutic advantages for improving clinical efficacy and reducing adverse reactions for patients with post-stroke depression.It could as the therapy of choice for post-stroke depression patients.

Objective To evaluate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on pathological and ul-trastructure changes in cortical neurons after model focal cerebral isehemia. Methods Middle cerebral artery occlu-sion (MCAO) using the Zea-Longa method was administered to 48 Sprague-Dawley rats, who were subjected to cere-bral ischemia for 2 hours followed by reperfusion. They were then randomly divided into a treatment group and a con-trol group. HBO was applied to the rats in the treatment group, and any changes in the pathology and uhrastructure of neurons in the cortex were observed at preset time points. Results The infarct volume was significantly smaller inthe treatment group than in the control group, and pathological changes in brain tissue were also milder. Conclu-sions HBO could help protect cortical neurons in acute cerebral ischemia.

Objective To evaluate the neurotoxic effects of intrathecal (IT) chloroprocaine on the spinal cord in rats. Methods Forty male SD rats weighted 180 ～250g, which IT catheters were successfully placed, were randomly divided into 4 groups( n = 10 each). Group NS received normal saline 40 μl IT, group CP_1 received 2% chloroprocaine 40 μl IT, group CP_2 received 3% chloroprocaine 26.7 μl IT, and group CP_3 received 3% chloroprocaine 40 μl IT. The onset time of bilateral hindlimb paralysis were recorded. Degree of motor block was assessed and scored before (T_1, baseline) and at 10, 30, 60, 120, and 150 min (T_(1-6)) after IT injection. On the 3rd day after IT injection , specimens were obtained from lumbar spinal cord for mincroscopic examination. Results The onset time of bilateral hindlimb paralysis in group CP, and CP_3 was shorter than that in group CP_1. The onset time of bilateral hindlimb paralysis in group CP, was shorter than that in group CP_2. The motor block scores in group CP_1 and CP_2(T_(2-4))and group CP_3(T_(2_5)) were higher than that in group NS. The motor block scores in both group CP_1 and CP_2 at T_(4-5) was lower than group CP_3. The tissue damage in group CP_3 was severer, compared with group CP_1 and CP_2. Conclusion Large dose of 3% chloroprocaine may produce neurotoxicity to the spinal cord.

Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) contents in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were detected by ELISA method in 30 cases of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage (HCH group) and 30 healthy subjects (control group).The performance and neurological functions of patients were evaluated by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale( NIHSS),Hamilton Depression Scale ( HAMD),Barthel Index of Daily Living Skills.The result showed that the contents of BDNF in blood and CSF of HCH patients in recovery stage were significantly higher than those in acute stage and those of control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ) ; the contents of BDNF in blood and CSF were negatively correlated with neurological impairment degree ( P ＜0.05).The results suggest that BDNF in the blood or the CSF may promote the recovery of neurological function in patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.

[Objective]To investigate the effect of Donepezil on dysgnosia in patients with mild-moderate general paralysis of the insane(GPI).[Methods]Forty-seven patients with GPI were assigned into study group(n=24)or control group(n=23). All these patients were treated with a large dose of penicillin for 2 weeks and then with Benzathine for 3 weeks. And the Donepezil admin-istered to patients in study group.The mini-mental state examination(MMSE)and the clinical dementia rating(CDR)were scored as the measurement of efficiency.[Result]The scores of the MMSE and CDR were not statistically different between the two groups at baseline and 4 weeks after treatment,and both were increased 12 weeks after treatment(P<0.05),especially in study group as com-pared with those in control group(P < 0.05).[Conclusion]Donepezil as an adjunctive therapy may be effective for dysgnosia in patients with mild-moderate GPI. Donepezil is also safe and well tolerated.

Objective To explore the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced iNOS expression and NO production in rat Schwann cells by the use of inhibitors PD98059 selective for extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(EPK1/2), SB202190 for P38 MAPK and SP600125 for the c-Jun NH_2-terminal kinase (JNK). Methods Schwann cells were pretreated with PD98059 (30, 50, 70?mol/L), SB202190 (10, 20, 40?mol/L) and SP600125 (10, 30, 50?mol/L) at the indicated concentrations for 1 hour before the stimulation with LPS (10mg/L) for 4 hour. The estimation of iNOS mRNA, IL-6 mRNA and TNF-? mRNA was performed by RT-PCR; the changes of iNOS protein expression were investigated by Western blotting. The NO level was observed with measurement of nitrite in the cell culture medium. Results LPS could significantly activate MAPK signal pathway and lead to the expression of iNOS and NO production. The iNOS expression and NO production induced by LPS stimulation were significantly inhibited by the three highly specific inhibitors of MAPK. In addition, the inhibitors decreased LPS-induced the expression of IL-6 mRNA and TNF-? mRNA. Conclusion Activation of MAPK pathway is involved in iNOS expression and NO production in rat Schwann cells, and the inhibition of the signal transduction pathway can be effective to reduce the production of iNOS and NO, which may be a useful strategy against inflammatory and immune reaction after peripheral nerve injury.

Objective To discuss the accuracy and objectivity of student standardized patients (SSP) in objective structured clinical examination(OSCE). Methods On March 30 and 31, 2013, 168 seven-year program medical students of class 2006 and 2007 took part in OSCE. Differences in as-sessment results between SPP and those given by professional doctors at 3 SP sites(angina pectoris SSP station, acute cholecystitis SSP station, depression SSP station) were analyzed. Each site had 4 items for assessment, with a total score of 100. Scores were given in strict accordance with a set of unified scoring rules. Counting data were presented as x±s. Data were verified using t test. P<0.05 was considered statis-tically considerable. Results At angina pectoris station, respective scores of SSP and professional physi-cians were 85.2±7.1 and 85.5±6.6, P=0.688. At acute cholecystitis station, respective score of SSP and professional physicians were 89.1±5.2 and 88.2±6.2, P=0.150. At depression station, respec-tive score of SSP and professional physicians were 79.8±7.5 and 78.2±7.0, P=0.078. Conclusion There is no statistical difference between scores given by SSP and those given by the physicians in OSCE. This proves that SSP who received standardized training delivers fair and accurate results in OSCE , and therefore is recommended for future application.

Utilizing standardized patient(SP) for classroom simulation is common in current medical education. In this paper, incentive measures and combination of SP with theoretical examination, simulated people and clinical practice were proposed after in-depth analysis of advantages and disadvan-tages of using medical students as SP in terms of recruitment, training, and application. All these mea-sures were intended to promote the development of simulative medical education that in turn to cultivate students to be competent in practice.