In the past century there have been major advances in the development of clinical psychology. The article discusses separately the present status and developmental trends of research, training, and practice of clinical psychology. It also offers a projective view on the development of clinical psychology both in China and abroad.

Objective:To compare the performance of two study samples on WAIS-Ⅲ Chinese version.Methods:A sample of 114 inpatients with schizophrenia and a sample of 114 closely-matched nonclinical adults in Mainland China were studied with the measures of WAIS-Ⅲ Chinese version.Results:The scores of patient sample exhibited significant difference from those of healthy adult sample in all three IQs and other three indices in addition to Verbal Comprehension Index(P

Objective To explore the relationship between adaptive skills and intelligence in young children. Method 30 young children aged from 3 to 6 years were concurrently administered the Adaptive Skill Rating Scale for Young Children(ASRSYC) and China- Wechsler Young Chilren Scale of Intelligence(C -WYCSI). Result The correlation coefficients between the total score of ASRSYC and the verbal scale score , performance scale score and full scale score of C - WYCSI were 0. 85, 0.70and 0. 81, respectively. The corrdlations between the total score of ASRSYC and the subtest scores of C - WYCSI ranged from 0. 51 to 0. 75 . Conclusion Adaptive skills and intelligenoe in young children relate each other and develop jointly.

Objective:To re-explore and confirm the construct of the Adolescent Self-rating Life Events Checklist (ASLEC),and evaluation the reliability of it among middle school students. Methods:Totally 10 566 ad-olescents,grade 7th to grade 12th,from 10 cities were recruited to complete ASLEC by using stratified randomized cluster-sampling method. The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D ),Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC)were selected as the criterion measurements which to examine the association between depression and anxiety with life events. Test-retest reliability were examined by 141 participants random se-lected after 4 weeks. Results:ASLEC including being punished,loss,relationship pressure,learning pressure and a-daption problem after explored factor analysis. The fit indices of confirmatory factor analysis were RMSEA=0. 10, CFI=0. 90,TLI=0. 88,WRMR=4. 96. The correlation coefficients of total scale with ASLEC and total score with CES-D and MASC were 0. 45 and 0. 43. The Cronbach'sαcoefficient of the total scale was 0. 92,the test-retest re-liability was 0. 73,the split-half reliability was 0. 85. The total score decreased apparently compared with the norm of Liu's study (in 1997). Compared to girls,there were significant higher score on punishment and adaption sub-scale,and significant lower score on relationship and learning pressure subscale among boys except the loss factor. Conclusion:A more reasonable new construct consists of 5 factors has been confirmed. The ASLEC has good validity and reliability. The score on total scale and subscales in this study can serve as norm references.

Objective To explore the factors that influence the quality of life of patients with chronic pain.Methods Using serf-designed questionnaire,simple MiGill pain questionnaire,Beck depression inventory,Beck anxiety inventory,pain self-efficiency questionnaire,athens insomnia scale and SF-12 scale to investigate 114 health people and 139 patients with chronic pain,and analyze the data with analysis of variance and linear regression analysis and path analysis.Results Scores of anxiety(33.56±9.96),depression(17.14±11.22),and insomnia(13.19±6.14)in patients with chronic pain was significant higher(P＜0.01)than the health people (24.55±4.49,24.55±4.49,3.68±3.12 independently),and scores of pain self-control and quality of life(including physical health and mental health)scored lower(P＜0.01)than the health group.Scores of quality of life in chronic pain patients with different pain intensity(F=3.92,P=0.005)and different ache numbers(F=2.39,P=0.041)were significant different,while scores of quality of life in chronic pain patients with different ache frequency was not significant different(F=1.54,P=0.169);quality of life score was significantly correlated(P＜0.05)to the total pain(r=-0.383),the feeling pain(r=-0.315),the emotion pain(r=-0.434),pain selfcontrol(r=0.570),anxiety(r=-0.640),depression(r=-0.523)and insomnia(r=-0.508).Pain self-control,depression,anxiety and insomnia insomnia and depression may indirectly influence the chronic pain patient's quality of life through pain self-control,and insomnia also can affect the quality of life through depression.Conclusion The quality of life in patients with chronic pain was influenced by a number of factors,so it is necessary to take muhi-faceted interventions to improve their quality of life.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of Cluster-B personality disorders in university students. Methods: 1. Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ+4) was administered to a sample which consisted of 3140 university students to screen personality disorder subjects. Cluster-B personality disorder subjects were finally diagnosed by conducting bland semi structured interview using Personality Disorder Interview-IV (PDI-IV) four to six weeks after the first administration. Results: The total prevalence of Cluster-B personality disorders among 3140 subjects of university students was 1.21% with 38 subjects met the diagnostic criteria of Cluster-B personality disorders. One female subject met the criteria of Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD), 21 Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), 20 Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD), and 8 Histrionic Personality Disorder (HPD). The prevalence of BPD, NPD and HPD were 0.67%, 0.64% and 0.25% respectively. Ten subjects met the criteria of more than one personality disorder; the comorbidity rate was 26.3%. Conclusion: The prevalence of Cluster-B personality disorder in university students is lower than in general population reported by foreign researchers.

Objective:To investigate the characteristic of life events and social support in patients with major depression.Methods:A cohort of 96 major depressed in-patients was assessed on admission. The assessments included Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), the Life Events Scale and the Social Support Scale. Ninety-nine healthy subjects were assessed too.Results:Compared with the controls, the patients experienced more stressful life events and got more subjective social support, but the utilization of social support was lower in the patient group. There was no gender difference in the life events and social support. The patients experiencing more life events got less subjective social support and social support as a whole.Conclusions:The depressed patients experience more life events.Social support acts as one of the cushion factors between life events and the onset of major depression.

Objective: To study the subjective of well-being and influential factors of medical chronic inpatients. Methods: 322 chronic pulmonary heart disease, diabetes, hypertension and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease' inpatients were tested by Index of Well-Being, SAS, T-AI and SDS. Results: ①The sense of Well-Being of these patients was obviously higher than the healthy people, and the sense of well- being of hypertension and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease' inpatients was better than other groups. ② By multi-variable stepwise regression analysis, the T-AI was the most powerful negative influential factor on the Subjective Well-being of the chronic patients. Furthermore, it was also closely related to the patients' SDS, the kind of disease and SAS. Conclusions: Since the patients have lower sense of Well-being, and it can be improved by reducing their negative emotions such as anxiety and depression, therefore, the nurses should pay attention to the psychological support of the patients so that their metal status can be improved and also the quality of nursing can be enhanced.

Objective: To study the gender differences in ERPs recorded during a recognition task for Chinese words. Methods: 15 male and 15 female healthy volunteers received a Chinese words recognition task and the EEG signals were recorded from 20 scalp sites simultaneously. The stimuli were meaningful words consisting of two Chinese characters. Results: Both men and females showed a positive-going parietal old/new effect, but females demonstrated larger P500 amplitudes and shorter P500 latency than males. Furthermore, the parietal old/new effect of males was significantly left-lateralized, while that of females showed more bilateral pattern. Only males elicited obvious frontally distributed old/new effect between 250 and 350 ms, which was negative-going and right-lateralized. Conclusion: Gender differences do exist in the recognition processing of Chinese words. Some of the gender differences could be interpreted as reflecting different strengths and speed of brain activation and others could be interpreted as reflecting the involvement of different neural structures.

Objective: To explore the effects of life events, automatic thoughts, social support and coping styles on the severity of depression in major depression at discharge. Methods: A cohort of 97 major depressed in-patients was assessed at discharge. The assessment included Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Life Events Scale, Social Support Scale, Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire and Coping Styles Questionnaire. 100 normal controls were assessed, too.Results: Compared with the controls, the patients experienced more stressful life events in the last one year(t=2.6,P