Objective To explore the safety and effectiveness of using low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in place of warfarin for anticoagulation in patients with a previous cardiac valve replacement. Methods We reviewed 70 patients hospitalized from Jan 2002 to Apr 2009 undergoing abdominal surgery who have had a previous cardiac valve replacement and had been on warfarin anticoagulation therapy. LMWH began to replace warfarin for anticoagulation 3 clay before the surgery in 33 cases, while the other 37 patients simply ceased to use any anticoagulant since 3 days before the surgery. Postoperative bleeding and embolism risk were compared between these two groups. Results There were 2 patients suffering from postoperative bleeding in the operative field in LMWH group, while there was no postoperative bleeding in patients on anticoagulant suspension group (χ~2=0.641, P>0.05). There was no valve embolism occurred in these two groups. Conclusions It is a safe way to stop using warfarin with LMWH taking the task for perioperative anticoagulation in patients with a history of cardiac valve replacement 3 days before an elective abdominal surgery. This protocol decreases the risk rate of valve embolism not at the expense of increasing postoperative bleeding.

The study on medical education directly affects the quality of education and cultivation of medical professionals as well as the level of running school.It is very important for the medical colleges to take some measures to solve these problems existing in medical teaching reform and research,such as renewing teachers' ideas,enhancing the standardization of management,increasing the enthusiasm of the teachers etc.

Objective To investigate the effect of postoperative TSH suppression on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with DTC.Methods Postmenopausal women with postoperative DTC underwent thyroid residual ablation or 131I treatment for metastases at Xin Hua Hospital between September 2009 and December 2014 were enrolled and followed for 2 years.They were divided into suppressive TSH group (median TSH＜0.30 mU/L;group 1) and non-suppressive group (median TSH≥0.30 mU/L;group 2).Lumber 1-4 BMD levels (T scores) were measured by a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry bone densitometer at baseline,1 year and 2 years after treatment.All patients had calcium and vitamin D supplementation after TSH suppression.The T scores were compared with Mann-Whitney u test and Kruskal-Wallis test.Results A total of 126 patients were enrolled and followed up for 2 years,including 65 with average age (57.65±6.65) years in group 1 and 61 with average age (56.19±7.17) years in group 2.The T scores in group 1 and group 2 at baseline were-1.70(-2.30,-0.55) and-1.30(-2.10,-0.30) (z=-1.660,P＞ 0.05).The difference of T scores was significant in group 1 at baseline,1-year follow-up and 2-year follow-up (-2.25(-2.48,-0.83),-1.95(-2.70,-0.60);H=6.244,P＜0.05),but not significantly different in group 2 (H=1.102,P＞0.05).The T values were different between the 2 groups both in 1-year follow-up and 2-year follow-up (z values:-2.170,-2.160,both P＜0.05).Conclusions TSH suppression significantly increases the risk of postoperative osteoporosis.The BMD should be followed up annually in postmenopausal DTC patients.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Several studies have demonstrated that sleep problems are associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs): irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional dyspepsia, etc, but the relationship between excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and FGIDs has not been systematically studied in the general population. This study aims to explore the relationship between EDS and specific types of FGIDs and the effect of the number of FGIDs on EDS. METHODS: A sample of 3600 individuals (aged 18–80 years) was selected from 5 regions in China using a randomized, stratified, multi-stage sampling method. EDS was measured by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, while gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and other FGIDs were assessed by Reflux Disease Questionnaire and the Rome II diagnostic criteria, respectively. RESULTS: The survey was completed by 2906 individuals (response rate: 80.72%), and 644 individuals (22.16%) had EDS. EDS was significantly associated with ulcer-like dyspepsia (OR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.08–5.79), diarrhea-predominant IBS (OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.09–3.66), alternating IBS (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.30–4.13), functional constipation (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.20–2.35), and GERD (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.08–2.72). Risk of EDS increased along with the increasing numbers of FGIDs: with 1 FGID (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.37–2.15); with 2 FGIDs (OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.63–3.62); and with 3 or more FGIDs (OR, 3.26; 95% CI, 1.37–7.78). CONCLUSIONS: FGIDs, such as ulcer-like dyspepsia, diarrhea-predominant IBS, alternating IBS, functional constipation, and GERD, were significantly associated with EDS. Those who suffered from more kinds of FGIDs were more susceptible to EDS.
China* ; Constipation ; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence ; Dyspepsia ; Epidemiology ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; Gastrointestinal Diseases* ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; Methods

Objective To study the validity of RAND-UCLA (Rand Corporation and University of California at Los Angeles) consensus panel method in developing guidelines of referral indications for low back pain (LBP).Methods Evidence-based clinical guidelines for LBP management at community level and its referral guidelines published since 2001 and other tools were retrieved with varied tools.All clinical guidelines met inclusion criteria were evaluated with clinical studies and evaluation tools (AGREE).An pool of indication items was established based on evidence for developing referral indications for LBP, which were added by RAND-UCLA consensus panel method, and alternative referral indications were selected and clinical guidelines for LBP referral were established.Results A total of 15 copies of clinical guidelines from nine countries or regions were included in it after critical appraisal.Four copies of referral guidelines from two countries were included.Referral indications for LBP were derived directly from the RAND-UCLA consensus panel process, consisting of 44 referral indications for three groups (immediate, urgent and routine referral).Conclusions The RAND-UCLA consensus panel method is a more useful and practical tool in developing clinical guidelines, referral guidelines, which is worthwhile being recommended and spread.

Objective:To investigate the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in the diagnosis of suspected autoimmune encephalitis (AE) in children with epilepsy and negative MRI. Methods:From May 2019 to August 2022, 94 suspected AE children (49 males, 45 females; age 1-15 years) with epilepsy and negative MRI who underwent brain 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging at Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into AE and non-AE groups based on clinical final diagnosis. The effectiveness of visual diagnosis was evaluated. The cortical lesion extent score (S), and SUV max, SUV mean and minimum of SUV (SUV min) of cortical lesions (L), basal ganglia (B) and thalamus (T) were measured and SUV ratios (SUVR) of L/B or L/T were obtained. Independent-sample t test or Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze data. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to screen the diagnostic factors of AE, and a diagnostic model was established. The diagnostic efficiency was evaluated by ROC curve analysis and Delong test. Results:There were 53 cases in AE group and 41 cases in non-AE group. Based on visual analysis, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT for AE were 100%(53/53), 43.9%(18/41) and 75.5%(71/94), respectively. Differences of LSUV max, LSUV mean, LSUV min, L/BSUVR max, L/BSUVR mean, L/BSUVR min, L/TSUVR max, L/TSUVR mean, L/TSUVR min and S between AE and non-AE groups were statistically significant ( z=-6.74, t values: from -8.51 to -3.97, all P<0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of L/BSUVR max was the highest (0.914) among visual analysis and semi-quantitative parameters. Logistic regression analysis showed that S (odds ratio ( OR)=11.40, 95% CI: 2.18-59.52, P=0.004), L/BSUVR max( OR=13.19, 95% CI: 2.11-82.51, P=0.006) and L/TSUVR max( OR=9.66, 95% CI: 1.57-59.55, P=0.015) were independent diagnostic factors for AE. Regression model was established: P=1/(1+ e - x), x=2.433×S+ 2.580×L/BSUVR max+ 2.267×L/TSUVR max-3.802. The AUC of this model was 0.948, with the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 98.1%(52/53), 90.2%(37/41) and 94.7%(89/94), respectively. The diagnostic efficacy of the optimized scoring system was consistent with the pre-optimization model, and were both superior to L/BSUVR max(both z=2.01, both P=0.040). Conclusion:The diagnostic model and scoring system based on the semi-quantitative analysis of 18F-FDG PET/CT have better diagnostic efficacy for AE and are superior to semi-quantitative parameters alone.

Peribiliary glands (PBG) is a kind of microscopic structure around the intra-hepatic bile ducts and extrahepatic bile ducts. PBG not only participates in maintaining the normal physiological function of biliary epithelial tissue, but also plays an important role in its damage and repair process. Biliary tree stem/progenitor cells in PBG are important cell sources of biliary epithelial regeneration and repair. PBG and the surrounding peribiliary vascular plexus are key influencing factors for the occurrence of ischemic-type biliary lesions (ITBL) after liver transplantation. Based on relevant literatures and clinical practice, the authors summarize the function of PBG as well as its relationship with ITBL.

Objective:To study the safety and efficacy of combining portal vein resection and reconstruction (PVR) with resection of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHC).Methods:A total of 104 patients with PHC who underwent hepatectomies for either biliary resection alone or biliary resection combined with PVR from October 2006 to December 2019 at the Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary, Ningbo Medical Center of Lihuili Hospital entered into this study. There were 63 males and 41 females, with the age of (64.4±10.4) years. The control group consisted of 75 patients who underwent biliary resection alone, while the PVR group consisted 29 patients with biliary resection combined with PVR. The patient characteristics and the follow-up outcomes of the two groups were analyzed and compared. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan Meier method with the log-rank test.Results:Wedge resection of portal vein, side to side anastomosis in 2 cases, segmental resection and end to end anastomosis in 27 cases. The time taken for PVR and portal vein resection were (12.7±2.9)(range 8 to 18)min and (20.7±7.3)(range 8 to 38) mm, respectively. The estimated blood loss for the PVR group was significantly more than the control group [ M( Q1, Q3)] 800.0 (600.0, 1 500.0) ml vs. 600.0(500.0, 1 000.0) ml ( P<0.05). Based on postoperative pathological studies, the proportion of lymph node metastasis was significantly higher in the PVR group than the control group (58.6% vs. 32.0%, P<0.05). Clavien-Dindo grade Ⅲ and above complications were 30.7%(23/75) and 34.5%(10/29) in the control and PVR groups, respectively ( P>0.05). The re-operation and postoperative 90 days mortality rates were 9.3%(7/75) and 2.7%(2/75) in the control group, compared with 3.4%(1/29) and 0 in the PVR group, respectively (both P>0.05). The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 81.1%, 44.8% and 36.4% respectively for the control group and 78.1%, 35.9% and 31.4% for the PVR group (χ 2=0.33, P=0.570). Conclusion:When compared to biliary resection alone, biliary resection combined with PVR did not significantly increase postoperative complication and mortality rates, but with comparable long-term survival outcomes. Combined biliary resection with PVR was safe and improved the resection rate in selected patients with locally advanced PHC.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS) and prognosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) patients after radical surgical resection.Methods:The clinical data of 126 patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma undergoing radical surgical resection at Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital from Jan 2011 to Dec 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were scored according to the mGPS-related scoring standards, and the differences in tumor clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis were compared between patients with different score levels.Results:Firty-eight cases were included in group 0, 41 cases in group 1, and 27 cases in group 2. The 1- and 3-year survival rates in group 0 were 85.8% and 52.3%, the 1- and 3-year survival rates in group 1 were 73.2% and 23%, and the 1- and 3-year survival rates in group 2 were 73.3% and 0. The difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that age, mGPS, CA19-9, tumor diameter, and tumor differentiation were related at the prognosis of ICC. Multivariate analysis showed that age, tumor differentiation, tumor diameter and mGPS were independent risk factors for the prognosis of ICC. Conclusion:mGPS is an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of ICC patients.