Objective To compare the difference of spatial reference memory and dopamine (DA) level in the brain between acute,subacute and chronic mouse model of Parkinson' s disease(PD) induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1 ,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP) injection. Methods The acute,subacute and chronic mouse model of Parkinson' s disease were induced by injecting the same MPTP volume dose with different schedules. The spatial reference memory of mice was tested by morris water maze. Dopamine concentration in striatum, hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex were detected with HPLC. The number of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)-positive cells in the substantia nigra of mice was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The mean escape latency of the chronic but not the acute or subacute mouse model of Parkinson' s disease was significant longer ( P ＜ 0.05 ) than its control group. The striatum DA concentration of three test groups ( ( 1180. 1 ± 293.0 ) ng/ml, ( 1177.4 ± 450.5 ) ng/ml,( 1149.6 ± 353.0 ) ng/ml ) reduced significantly compared to their control groups ( ( 225.6 ± 79.7 ) ng/ml, ( 273.6± 64.9 ) ng/ml, ( 327. 1 ± 126.2 ) ng/ml, P ＜ 0.01 ). The prefrontal cortex DA concentration of the acute mouse model of Parkinson' s disease ( ( 65.3 ± 23.9 ) ng/ml ) was significant lower than its control group ( ( 41.2 ±18.8 )ng/ml, P ＜ 0.05 ). No significant changes of hippocampus DA concentration were seen between these test groups and their control groups. The number of TH positive cells in substantia nigra significantly decreased in three test groups compared to their control groups( P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion The difference of spatial reference memory between three regimens of the mouse model of Parkinson' s disease may not due to the difference of DA level in their brain.

This study was aimed to investigate the protective effect of catalpol against high glucose induced injury on vascular endothelial cells (ECV-304). ECV-304 cells were culturedin vitro. MTT method was applied to detect cell viability. NO and LDH level were measured by spectrophotometer method. The effect of catalpol against high glucose induced injury on ECV-304 was observed. The results showed that there were no obvious changes in cell viabilities of ECV-304 cultured in normal concentration of glucose medium among groups with different concentrations of catalpol. Compared with the control group, cell viability was significantly decreased (P< 0.01), the NO secretion was significantly reduced (P< 0.01), the LDH level was increased obviously (P< 0.01) in the high glucose (30 mmol·L-1 glucose) injury model group. The high osmotic (24.5 mmol·L-1 mannitol) group was set up as a positive control. Comparison between the low dose (1 ng·μL-1 catalpol + 30 mmol·L-1 glucose), middle dose (10 ng·μL-1 catalpol+ 30 mmol·L-1 glucose), and high glucose (30 mmol·L-1 glucose) injury model group showed no changes on cell viability and NO (P> 0.05); while the LDH level was reduced (P< 0.01). Comparison between the high dose catalpol (100 ng·μL-1 catalpol + 30 mmol·L-1 glucose) group and the high glucose model group showed that the cell viability was obviously increased (P< 0.01); NO secretion was increased (P< 0.05); and the LDH level was obviously reduced (P< 0.01). It was concluded that catalpol had protective effect against high glucose induced ECV-304 injury through the regulation of NO and LDH level. The effect of high dose was obvious.

Objective To investigate the effect of S100A4 silencing on tumor related gene COX-2,bcl-2,Surviving,MMP-9 mRNA expressions of pancreatic cancer BxPC-3,AsPC-1 cells,and explore their relationship.Methods Small interfering RNA interfering S100A4 gene (siRNA-S100A4) was applied to transfect human pancreatic cancer BxPC-3,AsPC-1 cells,and nonhomologous siRNA-C was used as negative control,and cells without transfection were used as control group.The expressions of S100A4,COX-2,Survivin,MMP-9,bcl-2 mRNA after interference were detected by using RT-PCR.Results S100A mRNA expressions of BxPC-3's control group,siRNA-C group,siRNA-S100A4 group were 0.661 ± 0.023,0.659 ± 0.043,0.379 ± 0.039,and expressions of COX-2 mRNA were 0.760 ± 0.026,0.830 ± 0.017,0.443 ±0.006,and expressions of Survivin mRNA were 0.948 ± 0.049,0.909± 0.081,0.068 ± 0.006,and expressions of bcl-2 mRNA were 0.462 ±0.018,0.421 ±0.049,0.184 ±0.025,and expressions of MMP-9 mRNA were 0.813 ± 0.008,0.908 ± 0.063,0.246 ± 0.027.S100A mRNA expressions of AsPC-I's control group,siRNA-C group,siRNA-S100A4 group were 0.641 ± 0.042,0.626-± 0.053,0.320 ± 0.081,and expressions of COX-2 mRNA were 0.727 ± 0.021,0.743 ± 0.025,0.560 ± 0.035,and expressions of Survivin mRNA were 0.994 ± 0.032,0.984 ± 0.049,0.063 ± 0.005,and expressions of bcl-2 mRNA were 0.458 ±0.004,0.537 ± 0.046,0.181 ± 0.007; and expressions of MMP-9 mRNA were 0.698 ± 0.011,0.718 ± 0.073,0.199± 0.013.The expressions of S100A,COX-2,Survivin,bcl-2,MMP-9 mRNA in groups with siRNA-S100A4 transfection were significantly lower than those of siRNA-C group and control group (P ＜0.01),but the difference between siRNA-C group and control group was not statistically significant.Conclusions S100A4 plays a role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer through up-regulation of COX-2,Survivin,bcl-2,MMP-9 expressions.

Objective To assess cerebrovascular reserve capacity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).Methods One hundred and fourteen patients with OSAHS and 43 normal persons were enrolled in this study.The patients were divided into mild,moderate,severe according to apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and LSaO2 (lowest arterial oxygen saturation).All the patients and normal persons were routinely examined using transcranial Doppler (TCD) and end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure(ETCO2) to evaluate cerebrovascular reserve.Hypercapnia was induced by inhaling the CO2 which produced by the patients themselves,and hypocapnia was elicited by voluntary hyperventilation.Results CVR in the severe and moderate OSAHS were significantly lower than that in the control group [ (1.80 ± 1.34) ％/mm Hg and (1.43 ±1.05)％/mm Hg vs (2.93 ±0.93)％/mm Hg,P ＜0.05] when patients in the condition of hypocapnia.And there was no significant difference on CRV between the mild OSAHS group and control group [ (2.53 ±1.83 ) ％/mm Hg vs ( 2.93 ± 0.93 ) ％/mm Hg,P ＞ 0.05 ].When patients in the condition of Hypercapnia,CRV in the severe and moderate OSAHS were also significantly lower than that in the control group [ ( 1.83 ±1.32) ％/mm Hg and (1.08 ± 1.00)％/mm Hg vs (3.32 ± 1.53)％/mm Hg,P ＜ 0.05),AHI was negatively correlated with the cerebrovascular reserve at the condition of hypercapnia and hypocapnia (r=-0.665,-0.721; P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Inhaling CO2 is a effective method for assessing CVR.Cerebrovascular reserve capacity is associated with AHI.Reduced CVR causes hemodynamics change being severe hypoxia in the moderate and severe OSAHS.

Objective To study the X-ray features and differential diagnosis of duodenal obstruction in neonates.Methods X-ray data of duodenal obstruction in 52 cases confirmed surgically were analyzed retrospectively.Erect abdominal plain films were done in each case;Upper gastric intestinal investigations(UGI) were performed in 28 cases,and barium or meglumine diatyizoate enemas were done in 36 cases.Results On the plain films,9 cases with single-bubble,29 with double-bubble,6 with tri-tubble,8 with multiple stepladder-like gas-fluid level in the bowel loops were noted.14 cases with completive obstruction and 13 cases with partial obstruction were found in UGI series.Malposition of the jejunum was seen in 8 cases among them.Abnormal location of cecum on barium enema was demonstrated in 30 cases,included 10 cases of microcolon.The etiology of duodenal obstruction included intestinal malrotation 34 cases,duodenal atresia 9 cases,duodenal stenosis 4 cases and anaular pancreas 5 cases.Conclusion Most cases of duodenal obstruction can be diagnosed with plain films combining with clinical materials.Differential diagnosis should be made by UGI series and barium enema.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and the gene mutation of patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type3 and type7.Methods The trinucleotide repeat mutations were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR),agarose gel electrophoresis method,and DNA sequencing in 13 patients,4 related members and 4 common members from 3 spinocerebellar ataxia families.Results Among the 13 patients,four patients had SCA3/MJD(CAG) n expansion mutation(n = 65 ～ 74),nine patients had SCA7 allele expansion for 40 ～ 52 times.Patients with type 3 or 7 showed significant difference in nervous system injury.Conclusion The difference of clinical feature might be used in diagnosis of SCA3/MJD and SCA7,but genotype determination would be the only method of definite diagnosis.

Objective: To study the accuracy of MRI-CT image registration in order to find a more effective method of image fusion and a standard for the evaluation of post-operative intra-cranial tumor radiotherapy.Methods: Twenty-four patients with intra-cranial tumor underwent MR T1-weighed sequence and post-operative location CT scan under the same location condition.The trans-axial MR T1-weighed sequence and CT image were registered and the correlation between registration scores and errors was analyzed by the method of Tris-Axes Landmark.The linear registration errors were observed in the three-dimensional space of every patient.Results: An improved linear correlation was found between registration scores and errors(r=-0.985,y=-0.551 3x+5.351 4).The registration met the clinical standard when the scores exceeded 6.61.Conclusion: Tris-Axes Landmark is a preferable registration method to be used in clinical radiotherapy for rapid and precise evaluation of MRI-CT image registration accuracy.

Objective To explore the effect of shRNA silenced aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) on WNT signaling path-way during the differentiation of P19 cells into cardiac myocytes. Methods The eukaryotic expression vector of mouse AHR gene was designed and constructed. The interference plasmid was transfected into P19 cell and the positive stains to AHR gene silencing were screened by G418. The mRNA expression of important genes GSK3βandβ-catenin were evaluated by real-time fluorescent quantita-tive PCR during the differentiation of P19 cells. Results The constructed AHR-shRNA plasmid significantly inhibited the expression of AHR gene. Along with the differentiation of P19 cell into cardiac myocytes, in the interference group the expression ofβ-catenin gene was lower whereas the expression of GSK3βgene was elevated than those of control group with significant differences (all P<0.01). Conclusions The interference of AHR gene expression can regulate WNT signaling pathway in the development of heart.

Objective To explore the effects of miR -30c over -expression on early cardiac development of zebrafish.Methods The single -cell -stage zebrafish embryos were micro -injected with 3 different concentrations of miR -30c mimics in order to model the miR -30c over -expressed animal.Besides,the effects of miR -30c overex-pression on cardiac development were investigated.The mortality rate and the heart rate were assessed.Beside,the gross morphology and heart morphology of the zebrafish were observed.Moreover,the molecular mechanisms underlying miR -30c function in zebrafish cardiac development was explored,and in -situ hybridization was performed.Results Compared with the wild -type embryos,the mortality rate of zebrafish was increased with the rising miR -30c concen-tration.Furthermore,when the miR -30c mimic concentration was up to 8 μmol/L,the mortality rate reached 80% at 96 h post -fertilization.Simultaneously,the heart rate,which was viewed as an important index to cardiac function,was decreased.Moreover,the pericardial edema was getting worse over time with increasing concentration of overexpression. Then,the cardiac specific gene expression on the zebrafish embryos by whole -mount in situ hybridization was ex-plored.The area of the cardiac chamber was extended and the heart tube looping was negatively affected.Besides,the expression of atrioventricular canal marker genes was absent in zebrafish embryos from miR -30c over -expression groups.Conclusion miR -30c can impact the early cardiac development of zebrafish.

Objective To compare surgical gastrojejunostomy and endoscopic stenting in palliation of malignant gastric outlet obstruction.Methods This retrospective study investigated patients treated for malignant gastric outlet obstruction from January 2007 to January 2014 in the first affiliated hospital of Nanjing Medical University.Endoscopic stenting was placed in 29 patients and surgical gastrojejunostomy was performed in 42 patients.The outcomes assessed included diet scores,time to diet,length of hospital stay,treatments fees and complications.Results Both endoscopic stenting and surgical gastrojejunostomy can relieve patients' syndrome with significant higher GOOSS score compared with that before treatment (P ＜0.05),but score improves faster in stenting group.Clinical success for endoscopic stenting and surgical gastrojejunostomy was 96.6％ and 92.9％ respectively,and technical success was 100％ for both of them.Endoscopic stenting group was found to have lower early complication rate(3.4％ VS 23.8％,P ＜0.05),higher late complication rate(24.1％ VS 6.9％,P ＜0.05),less time to diet,hospital stay and treatment fees(all P value ＜ 0.05)than surgical gastrojejunostomy group.The major complication after endoscopic stenting is re-obstruction while it is infection and leak of anastomotic site for surgical group.There were no significant differences in complication between two groups (27.6％ VS 11.9％,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Both endoscopic stenting and surgical gastrojejunostomy can relieve patients' syndrome effectively and safely,but endoscopic stenting improves GOOSS scores more rapid with less time to diet,less early complication rate and easy-dealing late complications,also it needs less hospital stay and fees.It's a better choice for patients with less survival expectation.