Anidulafungin is an effective antifungal medicine, which can inhibit activities of candida in vitro and in vivo. Echinocandin B (ECB) is the key precursor of Anidulafungin, thus the price and market prospect of Anidulafungin is directly due to the fermentation titer of ECB. In this study, Aspergillus nidulans was used for ECB fermentation, and the influence of adding microparticles on ECB fermentation was studied, such as talcum powder, Al2O3, and glass beads. The particle size and concentration were the key factors for mycelium morphology and ECB production, and ECB production could reach 1 262.9 mg/L and 1 344.1 mg/L by adding talcum powder of 20 g/L (d50 = 14.2 μm) and 7 glass beads (6 mm), an increase by 33.2% and 41.7%, respectively. The results indicated that the mycelium morphology of filamentous microorganisms and the product yield of fermentation could be improved by adding microparticles remarkably, and it provide an important method for the fermentative optimization of filamentous microorganisms.
Antifungal Agents ; metabolism ; Aspergillus nidulans ; metabolism ; Echinocandins ; biosynthesis ; Fermentation ; Fungal Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Industrial Microbiology ; methods

Objective To study the influence of Chiamydia trachmatis (CT) and Ureaplasma ure-alyticum (UU) infection on pregnant outcome and neonates. Methods 562 pregnant women were ran-domly selected, their cervical secretion was collected and detected for CT and UU by culture method. Groups were divided according to the results. All of them were followed-up till delivery. Results The in-cidence of infection of group CT、group UU、group CT and UU were 22.1%、28.8% and 3.7%;Compared with negative group,the group with positive result of CT、UU、 CT and UU had significant higher incidence of preterm labor, premature rupture of membranes, low weight infant and neonates pneumonia. Conclusions The infection of CT、UU can result in adverse pregnant outcome, preterm labor, premature rupture of mem-branes, low weight infant and neonate pneumonia.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the short-term effectiveness of tension-free vaginal tapeobturator system(TVT-O) on the type Ⅰ,Ⅱ stress urinary incontinence(SUI) in the elderly female patients. Methods Elderly female patients (73 cases) with SUI type Ⅰ and Ⅱ were selected in 0.5-3.0 years after TVT-O surgical treatment,and they reached the age over 60 years before TVT-O.Difference of daily life and lower urinary tract symptoms before and after surgery were compared by the incontinence impact questionnaire ( Ⅱ Q-7) and the urogenital distress inventory (UDI-6) through telephone survey.Results Totally 73 patients were followed up successfully,aged 60 to 72 years (mean 64.0±4.5).Preoperative patients' daily life quality such as making housework,activities,entertainment,go-out,social contact and emotion had obviously been affected with a score of 9 to 25 by their own scoring (mean 17.0±6.7).Lower urinary tract symptoms including urgency,frequent urination,movement,leakage of urine volume,odynuria and dysuria were from 8 to 21 (mean 14.0±4.7) scores.Mild urinary frequency was 8.2％ (6 cases).Urinal pad usage was in 71 cases (97.3％)After TVT-O,patients' symptoms improved by their own scoring.The Ⅱ Q-7 scores were ranging from 2 to 13 (mean 6.4±3.2),and lower urinary tract symptoms scores from 1 to 9 (mean 5.4±3.2).Mild urinary frequency after surgery was 1.4 ％ (1 case).The urinary incontinence in 39 cases completely disappeared (53.4 ％ ),urinal pad usage were in 34 cases (46.6 ％ ).18 cases (24.7 ％ ) had suprapubic area pain or discomfort postoperatively.Conclusions TVT-O is an ideal choice for type Ⅰ and Ⅱ SUI in elderly female patients.

Objective To determine the effect of Mycobacterium tuberculosis spp. inducing transformation of THP-1 cells to epithelioid cells (EC) and the involved signaling pathways and their regulations. Methods THP-1 cells infection models respectively infected with M. tuberculosis strains H37Rv, bovis and phlei were established. Indirect immunofluorescent staining assays were used to detect the expressions of monocyte/macrophage differentiation antigen CD115 and EC differentiation antigen CD82 of the THP-1 cells before or after infection. By Sandwich ELISA Kits, the phosphorylation levels of p38MAPK, Akt1 and STAT3 of the THP-1 cells before or after infection were measured. The alterations of CD115 and CD82 expression levels were examined when the associated signaling pathways were blocked with specific blocking agents. Results CD115 expression was weakened and CD82 expression was strongly increased in all the THP-1 cells infected with the three strains. A temporal up-regulation of the p38MAPK phoshporylation level but no obvious alteration of Akt and STAT3 phosphorylation levels after THP-1 cells infected by strain H37Rv or bovis. The THP-1 cells infected with anyone of the three strains continuously expressed CD115 after MAPK, PI3K/Akt or JAK/STAT of the cells was blocked. Although JAK/STAT was blocked, the THP-1 cells respectively infected with the three different strains still expressed CD82. However, CD82 expressed in THP-1 cells infected by the strain H37Rv or bovis was disappeared when p38MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways of the cells were blocked. Conclusion Strain H37Rv and bovis can induce the infected THP-1 cells transforming to EC and p38MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways participate and regulate the transformation procedure. Of the two signaling pathways p38MAPK seems to be more important.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic basis for four Chinese pedigrees affected with Waardenburg syndrome (WS). METHODS: Four WS probands and their pedigree members who had presented at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between July 2021 and March 2022 were selected as the study subjects. Proband 1, a 2-year-and-11-month female, had blurred speech for over 2 years. Proband 2, a 10-year-old female, had bilateral hearing loss for 8 years. Proband 3, a 28-year-old male, had right side hearing loss for over 10 years. Proband 4, a 2-year-old male, had left side hearing loss for one year. Clinical data of the four probands and their pedigree members were collected, and auxiliary examinations were carried out. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples and subjected to whole exome sequencing. Candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS: Proband 1, with profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, blue iris and dystopia canthorum, was found to have harbored a heterozygous c.667C>T (p.Arg223Ter) nonsense variant of the PAX3 gene, which was inherited from her father. Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), the variant was classified as pathogenic (PVS1+PM2_Supporting+PP4), and the proband was diagnosed with WS type I. Proband 2, with moderate sensorineural hearing loss on the right side and severe sensorineural hearing loss on the left side, has harbored a heterozygous frameshifting c.1018_1022del (p.Val340SerfsTer60) variant of the SOX10 gene. Neither of her parents has harbored the same variant. Based on the ACMG guidelines, it was classified as pathogenic (PVS1+PM2_Supporting+PP4+PM6), and the proband was diagnosed with WS type II. Proband 3, with profound sensorineural hearing loss on the right side, has harbored a heterozygous c.23delC (p.Ser8TrpfsTer5) frameshifting variant of the SOX10 gene. Based on the ACMG guidelines, it was classified as pathogenic (PVS1+PM2_Supporting+PP4), and the proband was diagnosed with WS type II. Proband 4, with profound sensorineural hearing loss on the left side, has harbored a heterozygous c.7G>T (p.Glu3Ter) nonsense variant of the MITF gene which was inherited from his mother. Based on the ACMG guidelines, the variant was classified as pathogenic (PVS1+PM2_Supporting+PP4), and the proband was diagnosed with WS type II. CONCLUSION By genetic testing, the four probands were all diagnosed with WS. Above finding has facilitated molecular diagnosis and genetic counseling for their pedigrees.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Deafness ; East Asian People ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/genetics* ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Phenotype ; Waardenburg Syndrome/diagnosis*

Objective:To investigate the molecular etiology of Perrault syndrome by analyzing the clinical phenotype and pathogenic gene variants of 2 male patients with bilateral severe sensorineural deafness.Methods:Two male patients with Perrault syndrome characterized by severe sensonrineual deafness adimitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between February 2021 and March 2022 were selected, and the clinical phenotype and pathogenic gene variants of them and their family members were summarized. The whole exome sequencing technology was used to screen the pathogenic variants of the probands, and the candidate variants were determined by combining with clinical phenotype. The probands and their family members were verified by the Sanger sequencing method.Results:The whole exome sequencing results showed that the proband of family 1 had a compound heterozygous variants of the LARS2 (NM_015340.4) gene c.1565C>A (p.Thr522Asn) and c.1079T>C (p.Ile360Thr). The reported pathogenic variant c.1565C>A came from the mother, and the novel variant c.1079T>C came from the father. The second proband harbored compound heterozygous variants of HARS2 gene (NM_012208.4) c.1273C>T (p.Arg425Trp) and c.1403G>C (p.Gly468Ala), with the former from the proband′s mother, the latter from the father. The c.1273C>T was novel and c.1403G>C was the reported pathogenic variant. All above variants were respectively classified as pathogenic, uncertain significance, uncertain significance and likely pathogenic based on the ACMG guidelines. Conclusion:This study expands the mutational spectrum of LARS2 and HARS2 genes, which highlights that genetic testing plays an important role in the early diagnosis of syndromic deafness.

Background::Urticaria is a common skin disease characterized by episodes of wheals, and it has a negative effect on patients’ quality of life. Large-scale population-based epidemiological studies of urticaria are scarce in China. The aim of this survey was to determine the prevalence, clinical forms, and risk factors of urticaria in the Chinese population.Methods::This survey was conducted in 35 cities from 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities of China. Two to three communities in each city were selected in this investigation. Participants completed questionnaires and received dermatological examinations. We analyzed the prevalence, clinical forms, and risk factors of urticaria.Results::In total, 44,875 questionnaires were distributed and 41,041 valid questionnaires were collected (17,563 male and 23,478 female participants). The lifetime prevalence of urticaria was 7.30%, with 8.26% in female and 6.34% in male individuals ( P < 0.05). The point prevalence of urticaria was 0.75%, with 0.79% in female and 0.71% in male individuals ( P < 0.05). Concomitant angioedema was found in 6.16% of patients. Adults had a higher prevalence of urticaria than adolescents and children. Living in urban areas, exposure to pollutants, an anxious or depressed psychological status, a personal and family history of allergy, thyroid diseases, and Helicobacter pylori infection were associated with a higher prevalence of urticaria. Smoking was correlated with a reduced risk of urticaria. Conclusion::This study demonstrated that the lifetime prevalence of urticaria was 7.30% and the point prevalence was 0.75% in the Chinese population; women had a higher prevalence of urticaria than men. Various factors were correlated with urticaria.