Objective To explore the intervention patterns which people are apt to accept and medical staff operate them simply and conveniently for primary osteoporosis in community. Methods With cluster random sampling method, 850 residents who met the selective standards were selected from four communities. Every community was divided into five districts; each district took one of intervention patterns, including health lectures, home visiting, telephone interviewing, follow-up letter, fixed-point counseling, etc. At the end of two years' intervention, all of subjects accepted the final investigation, data were collected and analyzed. Results The acceptance rates of intervention patterns were 94.0% for telephone interviewing, 89.2% for home visiting, 70.6% for health lectures, 27.2% for letter follow-up and 19.5% for fixed-point counseling. The recognition rates of manipulating these measures in medical staff were 78.9% for telephone interviewing, 70.7% for health lectures, 66.7% for home visiting, 22.2% for letter follow-up and 15.0% for fixed-point counseling. The ratio of cost to effectiveness of telephone interviewing was 1.79 which was the minimum, but the ratio of cost to effectiveness of fixed-point counseling was the maximum which was 13.79. Conclusion Health lectures, home visiting and telephone interviewing are applicable intervention measures to prevent POP in community.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the infection of leptospirosa of host animals and the immune level of healthy population in flood areas. METHODS: Korth culture was used to culture leptospira for rodent kidney and oxen urine sample. The serogroups of leptospira and leptospira antibody were tested by microscopic agglutination test (MAT). RESULTS: In flood regions, draw-near-flood region, and new migration region, rodent density was 6.95%, 6.28%, and 8.67%, respectively. The positive rates of rodent with leptospira was 4.63%, 1.35%, and 3.13%, respectively. Leptospira positive rates of oxen urine were 5.88%, 5.98%, and 1.75%, respectively. The main serogroup of leptospira was Icterhamorrhagic and Canicola serogroup. The positive rates of leptospirosa antibody in healthy population was 45.91%, 62.30%, and 58.67%in these 3 regions respectively, which was significantly higher than the average level in China. The dominant serogroups of leptospira in health population were icterhamorrhagic, autumnalis, canicola, pomona and bataviae. The positive rate of antibody had no difference among different age groups. CONCLUSION The main host animals are rodents and oxen infected with leptospira and the positive rate of leptospira antibody is high in healthy population in the study area. The dominant serogroups in host animals are similar to that in healthy population, which is mostly icterhaemorrhagic.
Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial ; blood ; urine ; Cattle ; China ; epidemiology ; Disasters ; Floods ; Humans ; Leptospira interrogans ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Leptospirosis ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Rats ; Seroepidemiologic Studies

OBJECTIVE: To develop a simple screening table for primary osteoporosis (POP) in senior men and women. METHODS: Questionnaires were designed to obtain the risk factors associated with osteoporosis and bone mineral density (BMD), which were measured in 146 community residents over 60. The multiple stepwise regression was used to find out the risk factors and establish the screening index. Then the cut-off point of sensitivity and specificity were obtained. Simple screening table for POP in senior people was established according to the screening index and the cut-off point. Validity and reliability of the simple screening table for POP in senior people were testified by 61 outpatients whose BMD was measured with dual energy X-ray (DEXA). RESULTS: Percentage of the height loss,body weight, age, and gender were selected with multiple stepwise regression.Percentage of height loss and body weight were selected to develop the simple screening table for POP in senior people. The cut-off point was 270, sensitivity was 88.9 %, specificity was 75.7 %, the agreement rate was 75.4%,and the Kappa value was 0.489. CONCLUSION The simple screening table for POP in senior people based on the percentage of height loss and body weight is simple, economic, suitable for both men and women, and is useful in basic public health.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis ; prevention & control ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; standards

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of spleen-strengthening therapy in the treatment of postoperative colorectal adenoma. MethodRandomized controlled trials （RCTs） of spleen-strengthening therapy for postoperative colorectal adenoma published in the databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang Data， VIP， SinoMed， PubMed， Cochrane Library， Embase， Web of Science， and Clinical Trials registry center from database inception to February， 2024 were retrieved and selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The included RCTs were subjected to Meta-analysis using RevMan 5.3 software. ResultA total of 29 articles were included， involving 2 935 patients， with 1 462 in the experimental group and 1，473 in the control group. The Meta-analysis results showed that compared with conventional Western medical treatment alone， the experimental group that combined the spleen-strengthening therapy with conventional Western treatment had a significantly lower recurrence rate at six months post-surgery ［relative risk （RR）=0.45， 95% confidence interval （CI） ［0.37， 0.53］， P<0.000 01］， and at one year post-surgery （RR=0.54， 95%CI ［0.47， 0.63］， P<0.000 01）. Additionally， the experimental group showed significant improvement in clinical symptoms （RR=1.28，95%CI ［1.17，1.40］， P<0.000 01） and more pronounced effects in suppressing inflammatory factors， with no serious adverse reactions observed. The differences were all statistically significant. The analysis of the Chinese medicines used in the included articles revealed 28 prescriptions with 99 different drugs used 369 times in total. The most frequently used drug was Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma， followed by Codonopsis Radix， Poria， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium. Furthermore， correlation analysis showed that spleen-strengthening drugs were often used in combination with heat-clearing and toxin-removing drugs， qi-regulating drugs， and blood-activating drugs such as Hedyotidis Diffusae Herba， Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， and Curcumae Rhizoma. ConclusionThe spleen-strengthening therapy demonstrates good clinical efficacy and high safety for patients with postoperative colorectal adenoma. However， due to the limitations in the quantity and quality of the included RCTs， more high-quality clinical trials are needed to verify these conclusions.

Objective To investigate the influence of internal and external sphincter loss synergy on stress distributions and urine flow rates of lower urinary tract organs and tissues. Methods Based on collodion slice, the geometric model of the lower urinary tract was reconstructed, and finite element model of the lower urinary tract with muscle active force was established. Through fluid structure coupling simulation, the changes of tissue stress and urine flow rate were simulated under four conditions: normal contraction of internal and external sphincter, total loss of muscle active force and single loss of muscle active force for internal and external sphincters at the end of urination. Results The urethral stress changes in normal contraction of internal and external sphincter muscles were the same as the clinically measured urethral pressure changes. Compared with normal contraction, when the internal sphincter lost its muscle active force alone, stress of the internal sphincter and the urethra of the prostate was reduced by 33.6% and 13.8%, and flow rate of urine in this position was also reduced. When the external sphincter lost its muscle active force alone, the urethral stress of the external sphincter and external urethra was reduced by 59.5% and 24.03%, respectively. When the internal and external sphincter lost muscle active force, stress of the internal sphincter, the prostate, the external sphincter and the external urethra were reduced by 38.77%, 18.6%, 63.58%, 29.74%, respectively, and flow velocity in the corresponding position was also reduced. Conclusions Internal and external sphincter loss synergy resulted in the difference of tissue stress and urine flow rate. The results can provide the theoretical basis for surgical treatment of urinary incontinence caused by sphincter.