Objective To study the clinical significance of a novel marker of platelet clumps count provided by hematology analyzer in differentiating true thrombocytopenia from EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia (EDTA-PTCP). Methods Samples from 65 cases of thrombocytopenia (including 15 EDTA-PCTP samples and 50 random samples of true thrombocytopenia) and 50 healthy controls were analyzed using hematology analyzers, and samples with low platelet counts were checked by replacing citric acid and using manual microscope observation to identify true thrombocytopenia from EDTA-PTCP. A novel marker of platelet clumps count was used to differentiate the two diseases for samples anficoagulated with EDTA or citric acid. Results In 65 patients with thrombocytopenia, platelet counts were (48±11)×109/L detected by automatic hematology analyzers. Fifty of 65 cases were true thrombocytopenia which showed low platelet counts [(48±10)×109/L by automated analyzer and (46±11)×109/L by manual assay]. No significance was observed between them (t=-1.26, P0.05). Platelet clumps counts were 86±15. No platelet clamps were detected under microscope. The other 15 cases were EDTA-PTCP [platelet counts were (48±12)×109/L and platelet clumps counts (840±184) were increased significantly by automated analyzer and using EDTA anticoagulant] which showed obviously platelet clumps and no less platelet counts under microscope. After replacing citric acid, platelet counts [(141±13)×109/L by automated analyzer and (134±17)×109/L by manual microscope assay] were increased significantly. No significance was observed between them (t=-1.29, P0.05). Platelet clumps counts (75±12) were decreased obviously compared with EDTA anticoagulant method (t=-6.82, P<0.001). No platelet clumps were detected under microscope. Conclusion Platelet clumps counts may be a useful clinical indicator for monitoring of platelet aggregates, especially for EDTA-PTCP caused by platelet clumping.

Objective To investigate in evaluation of various capacity requirement of probationer nurs-ing students by nurses in operation room in order to improve clinical teaching work. Methods A self-de-signed questionnaire was applied, 191 qualified teaching nurses from nine grade three A general hospitals in Beijing were invited to fdl the questionaires. The results underwent subsequent analysis. Results The teach-ers had high expectations for various capacity of the probationer nursing students. Conclusions Clinical teachers should establish feasible teaching scheme according to the existing teaching syllabus in order to in-crease teaching quality, make students gain new insights through reviewing old materials, so that they can mas-ter various technique in operation room in short time.

Otolaryngology

AIM:To investigate whether specific small interfering RNA ( siRNA) targeting Toll-like receptor 4 ( TLR4) gene inhibits the proliferation of cervical cancer cell line HeLa through NF-κB signaling pathway and down-regula-tion of Bcl-2 expression.METHODS:Three specific TLR4 siRNAs and 1 negative siRNA were transfected respectively in-to HeLa cells.The expression of TLR4 at mRNA and protein levels was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) and Western blotting , respectively .The protein expression of p 65 and Bcl-2 was detected by Western blotting.The cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay and plate colony formation assay .The apoptotic rate of the cells and the cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry .RESULTS:In comparison with the other 2 kinds of TLR4 siR-NAs, TLR4-siRNA-003 demonstrated the strongest silencing effect on TLR4 gene expression in the HeLa cells at 48 h after transfection.The expression of TLR4 at mRNA and protein levels was reduced by 62% and 89%, respectively.The pro-tein levels of p65 and Bcl-2 significantly decreased .The growth rate of HeLa cells transfected with TLR 4-siRNA-003 was significantly inhibited .Moreover , the cell apoptotic rate increased significantly and the cell cycle was arrested at G 1 phase as the HeLa cells were transfected with TLR 4-siRNA-003 for 48 h.CONCLUSION:Specific TLR4 siRNA effectively in-hibits the expression of TLR4 and inhibits the proliferation of cervical cancer HeLa cells through NF-κB signaling pathway and down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression, indicating that TLR4 may be a new target for the treatment of cervical cancer .

Objective To evaluate the effects of ulinastatin (UTI) on brain protection after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a porcine model.Methods A total of 20 female swine were induced to make ventricular fibrillation (VF) by programmed stimulation method,and CPR was stared after 8 mins after VF.Swine after ROSC (return of spontaneous circulation) were randomly (random number) divided into two groups,namely UTI group and control group.In UTI group,UTI was administered slowly in a dose of 100 000 U dissolved in 5 ml saline immediately after resuscitation and then given every 3 h until 24 h after CPR (UTI not given at the time of 24 h) ; and 5 ml saline was used instead in control group.Venous blood samples were taken separately before VF,immediate after resuscitation and 3 h,12 h and 24 h after ROSC for detecting levels of TNF-o and IL-1β.Cerebral performance category (CPC) scores were assessed 24 h after ROSC,and subsequently the swine were sacrificed to get brain specimens for histopathological and ultrastructural examination under ordinary light microscope.Results Fifteen of twenty domestic swine were successfully rescued 8 mins after ventricular fibrillation.Swine of UTI group (n =8) and control group (n =7) were all survived over 24 h.Both TNF-α and IL-1β levels were significantly lower in UTI group than those in control group at intervals of 3 h,12 h and 24 h after ROSC (P ＜0.05).Twenty-four hours after ROSC,CPC scores of swine were higher in UTI group than those in control group (P ＜ 0.05).The brain injury 24 h after ROSC was significantly attenuated in UTI group than that in control group.Conclusions UTI can reduce the injury of brain tissue and improve the recovery of cerebral function after CPR.

This study aimed to elucidate the effects of different soil water contents on the yield and quality of R.glutinosa.Different soil water contents were adjusted in different periods of growth of R.glutinosa.The yield,content of water extract,catalpol,verbascoside and polysaccharide were determined and analysed by the grey pattern recognition after harvests.The impacts of soil water content from the most important to the least important were medium moisture content (M2),high moisture content (M3),low moisture content (M1) and blank (M4).In the cultivation of R.glutinosa,the soil water content should be remained in the range of 40％-50％ at seedling stage,while 50％-60％ at the stage of root formation and tuber enlargement,and 20％-30％ during harvesting,which can significantly improve the yield and quality of R.glutinosa.

Objective: To select and identify the endophytic fungi of Rabdosia rubescens as well as study on its antitumor activity in vitro in order to obtain the high yield strains of oridonin. Methods: Using the methods of TLC and HPLC, the oridonin high yield strain was selected from 256 strains of endophytic fungi which were isolated from the previous experiments. Oridonin of fermentation broth was determined by HPLC-MS. The strain was identified by morphological characteristics and ITS sequence methods and its antitumor activity in vitro was detected by MTT assay. Results: An oridonin high yield strain M-J-5 was obtained and identified as Penicillium oxalicum, which can inhibit the activity of human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Conclusion: a oridonin high yield strain is obtained with antitumor activity and provides scientific basis for microbial production of oridonin and the development of new anticancer drugs.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)and the SOCS-1 gene methylation status of the peripheral blood DNA,to provide the basis for diagnosis and treatment of systemic lupus erythema-tosus.Methods Blood samples of SLE patients (27 cases)and healthy group (19 cases)in January 2015 to April were col-lected and the DNA were extracted.Using polymerase chain reaction combining DNA agarose gel electrophoresis to detect the SOCS-1 gene methylation status.Results In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus SOCS-1 gene complete methyl-ation accounted for 44% (12/27),incomplete methylation accounted for 56% (15/27).In healthy group SOCS-1 gene com-plete methylation accounted for 74% (14/19)and incomplete methylation accounted for 26% (5/19).The rate of complete methylation of SOCS-1 gene of SLE patients was lower than that of healthy group (χ2=3.88,P=0.049).Conclusion SLE patients may have lower SOCS-1 gene methylation status in the peripheral blood DNA,which is worth for further study.

Objective To establish an appropriate cut-off value of high sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and optimal combination measurement in the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods This research is a prospective study.342 patients admitted to emergency department with chest pain,43 patients with renal failure,40 patients with pneumonia and 18 premature with patent ductus arteriosus were involved from June 2012 to June 2013 in Peking University Third Hospital.The plasma hs-TnT,NT-proBNP,cardiac troponin Ⅰ (cTnI),CK-MB and copeptin were measured.The distribution of hs-cTnT among associated diseases was analyzed,the diagnostic performance of hs-cTnT and the role of combination hs-cTnT with NT-proBNP,CK-MB and copeptin were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.The statistical method was used to calculate the Sensitivity,specificity,negative predictive value and positive predictive value of hs-cTnT in the diagnosis of AMI.Results As compared to patients with STEMI(median 0.52 μg/L,range 0.037-7.610 μg/L),hs-cTnT was lower in the patients with Non-STEMI(median 0.127 5 μg/L,range 0.021-4.260 μg/L).However,the levels of hs-TnT in other diseases were also increased increased in varyng degrees (Chi-square =76.432,P ＜ 0.05)The areas under the curve (AUC) for hs-cTnT and cTnI in the diagnosis of AMI were 0.862 (95％ CI:0.729-0.928) and 0.748 (95％ CI0.666-0.818) respectively (Z =2.713,P ＜ 0.05).Taking 0.014μg/L and 0.035 μg/L as cut-off value of hs-TNT,the sensitivities were 100％ vs 95.1％,the specificities were 44.4％ vs 65.7％.The combination of hs-cTnT,NT-proBNP,CK-MB resulted in a increase in AUC (0.915,95％ CI:0.838-0.964) (Z =2.147,P ＜ 0.05) and the combination of hs-cTnT and copeptin resulted in a increase in AUC 0.921 (95％ CI:0.820-0.975) (Z =2.589,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion With the cut-off value of 0.035 μg/L for diagnosis of AMI was appropriate,and the combination measurement can improve the accuracy of early diagnosis of AMI.

Objective To observe the effects of ultrasound medium frequency electrotherapy on pain and content of enkephalins. Methods The pain threshold of the rat was measured before and after the application of ultrasound medium frequency electrotherapy. The content of met enhephalin(MEK) and leu enkephalin(LEK) in the glandula hypophysis and hypothalamus was also measured. A linear regression analysis based on the pain threshold and the content of enkaphalin was conducted to reveal the pain relieving mechanism of the ultrasound medium frequency electrotherapy. Results The level of MEK and LEK in the glandula hypophysis and hypothalamus was significantly increased after a single use action ultrasound medium frequency electrotherapy as compared with that before the treatment ( P