Objective:To retrospectively evaluate whole body ~(18)F-FDG PET/CT in depicting the primary tomors in cervical metastatic adenocarcinoma of unknown primary site.Methods:Seventeen patients were included and underwent whole body PET/CT imaging.The primary tumors and metastases were detected by visual evaluation and measurements of standardized uptake values.The PET/CT impression was verified by histopathology and(or)follow-up.Results:In 17 patienis,primary tumors of 13 patients were confirmed by pathological or clinical follow-up.Among them,8 were in the lung,1 in breast,1 in renal,2 in colon and 1 in cervix.Among the other 4 cases,3 cases were correctly diagnosed as malignant lymphoma finally by PET/CT instead of metastatic adenoearcinoma previously.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of PET/CT in were 92.3%,75.0% and 88.2%,identifying primary tumors respectively.After PET/CT examination,10 patients(58.8%)were detected additional metastatic lesions which were missed previously.Conclusion:Whole body ~(18)F-FDG PET/CT may be of relatively higher value in identifying the primary tumor of cervical metastatic adenocarcinoma from unknown primary site.It also may display tumor involvement extent.

Objective To explore the effect of TBL based on evidence-based medicine PICOS model in practice teaching of neurology. Methods Totally 47 medical undergraduates in our department were chosen and randomly divided into 2 groups during March 2016 to April 2016. 24 students in the trial group were taught with TBL based on PICOS, while other 23 students in the control group were only taught with conventional TBL method. After three times clinical practices, the test referring to disease pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, auxiliary examinations, diagnosis and treatments of related diseases was performed, and meanwhile, questionnaires were distributed to students in order to survey their satisfaction degree of teaching methods. All the evaluation results and scores of two groups were compared. Statistical data were analyzed by using t-test or Chi-square test with SPSS 17.0 software. Results The score of the theoretical test of trial group was significantly superior to the control group [(89.08±3.60) vs. (79.09±7.75), t=5.707, P=0.03 ]. Survey showed that in the experimental group , the number of students in the trial group who thought teaching method could help understand clinical thinking of neurology and could help integrate the theory into clinical practicewas significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion In the clinical teaching of neurology, the TBL based on PICOS model is more effective than conventional TBL method for medical undergraduates.

Objective To study the inhibitory effect on proliferation of Hela cells of podophyllotoxin,4'-demethylepi-podophyllotoxin and drug combination of different proportion of nano-sillca (SiO2) and 4'-demethylepi-podophyllotoxin in vitro,and discuss the mechanism.Methods Used ethyl silicate hydrolysis method to prepare 25 nm SiO2 sample,next carried 4'-demethylepi-podophyllotoxin after the surface modification,and measure cell campatibility by MTT method and Hoechst 33342.The inhibitory effect of podophyllotoxin,4'-demethylepi-podophyllotoxin and drug combination on proliferation of Hela cells was measured by MTT assay.Hoechst 33342 staining method was used to detect cell apoptosis.The effect ofdmg combination treatment on cell morphology was observed by inverted microscope.Western blotting technique was used to detected effect of 4'-demethylepi-podophyllotoxin and drug combination on expression of apoptosis related protein.Results Inhibitory effect onproliferation of Hela cells of 4'-demethylepi-podophyllotoxin is superior to podophyllotoxin,inhibitory effect of drug combination is superior to the single 4'-demethylepi-podophyllotoxin,the inhibition of drug combination with 0.125 μg/mL nano SiO2 and 6.25 μg/mL 4'-demethylepi-podophyllotoxin is the most obvious.MTT and Hoechst 33342 experimental results showed that the 25 nm SiO2 have good cell compatibility.Podophyllotoxin,4'-demethylepi-podophyllotoxin and drug combination can induce apoptosis.Western blotting results showed that 4'-demethylepi-podophyllotoxin and drug combination can up-regulate the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and the expression level of Caspase-3、P53 and P38.Conclusion In vitro experimental performance of drug combination is superior to single 4'-demethylepi-podophyllotoxin,it is may by effecting the expression of Bcl-2,Bax,Caspase-3,P53,and P38 and others apoptosis related protein to induce Hela cell apoptosis.

Background Seed cells and scaffold material are the important aspects of corneal tissue engineering research.Adipose-derived stem cells(ASCs) are becoming the focus of seed cells research because of their wide source,powerful proliferation and differentiation abilities.As biodegradable polymer,polylactic-co-glycolic acid(PLGA) has successfully build multiple tissues and organs.Objective Present study was to ascertain the biological characteristics of the rabbit ASCs and their biocompatibility with PLGA scaffold in vitro and to provide groundwork for further study on the reconstruction of tissue engineered corneal stroma.Methods Adipose cells were isolated from lipoaspirate of New Zealand white rabbit using collagenase Ι.The cells were cultured and passaged.The generation 4 cells were inoculated to culture plate with 6 holes at the density of 3×104/cm2,3×104/cm2,3×106/cm2 respectively and cultivated in ossification inducing medium,lipoblast inducing medium and chondroblast inducing medium to identify the characteristics of the cells.The multilineage differentiated cells were identified by alizarin red staining,oil red O staining and immunoinfluorescene technique.The generation 4 cells were re-suspended with DiO influorescence fluid at the density of 1×107/ml and seeded on PLGA scaffold to fabricate cell-PLGA constructs.Quantitative analysis of cell proliferation on PLGA was detected by Hoechst DNA assay.The attachment and growth of adipose-derived stem cells on the scaffold were observed under the scanning electron microscope(SEM) and confocal microscopy in 1 day,3,7 days after seeding for the evaluation of biocompatibility between cells and PLGA.Results Primarily cultured cells reached 80%-90% confluence after 7-8 days with the fibroblast-like appearance.Adipose-derived stem cells of rabbits differentiated into osteoblast,adipocyte and chondroblast successfully,showing the positive stain for alizarin red staining,oil red O staining and immunoinfluorescene technique respectively.Proliferation of cells on PLGA scaffold went into plateau phase at 7 days after culture.SEM and confocal microscopy revealed the well-attached,spread cells along the scaffold and abundant excellular matrix both on the surface and interior pore of scaffold.Conclusion Cultured rabbit adipose cells have the ability of potential multilineage differentiation and good biocompatibility with PLGA scaffold,which could be used to construction of tissue engineered corneal stroma.

Objective To explore the role of CD4+CD25+CD127low/-regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris(PV). Methods Flow cytometry analysis was used to detect the amount of Tregs in peripheral blood and ELISA to test the levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in blood serum; the suppressive function of Tregs on autologous CD4+CD25-T cells was determined by MTT method. Results No significant difference was found in the proportion of Tregs in PV patients and healthy controls(P>0.05). There was a diminished suppression of Tregs from patients on autologous CD4+CD25- responder T cell proliferation in PV patients when compared with that in controls (P < 0.01). The serum level of IL-10 in patients was lower than that in controls (P < 0.01) while that of TGF-β1 in PV patients was significantly higher than that in controls(P < 0.01). Conclusion Abnormal function of Tregs and low secretion of IL-10 in PV patients might be related to the pathogenesis of psoriasis.

AIM:To investigate whether specific small interfering RNA ( siRNA) targeting Toll-like receptor 4 ( TLR4) gene inhibits the proliferation of cervical cancer cell line HeLa through NF-κB signaling pathway and down-regula-tion of Bcl-2 expression.METHODS:Three specific TLR4 siRNAs and 1 negative siRNA were transfected respectively in-to HeLa cells.The expression of TLR4 at mRNA and protein levels was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) and Western blotting , respectively .The protein expression of p 65 and Bcl-2 was detected by Western blotting.The cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay and plate colony formation assay .The apoptotic rate of the cells and the cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry .RESULTS:In comparison with the other 2 kinds of TLR4 siR-NAs, TLR4-siRNA-003 demonstrated the strongest silencing effect on TLR4 gene expression in the HeLa cells at 48 h after transfection.The expression of TLR4 at mRNA and protein levels was reduced by 62% and 89%, respectively.The pro-tein levels of p65 and Bcl-2 significantly decreased .The growth rate of HeLa cells transfected with TLR 4-siRNA-003 was significantly inhibited .Moreover , the cell apoptotic rate increased significantly and the cell cycle was arrested at G 1 phase as the HeLa cells were transfected with TLR 4-siRNA-003 for 48 h.CONCLUSION:Specific TLR4 siRNA effectively in-hibits the expression of TLR4 and inhibits the proliferation of cervical cancer HeLa cells through NF-κB signaling pathway and down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression, indicating that TLR4 may be a new target for the treatment of cervical cancer .

Objective To evaluate the test -retest reliability of sentence materials, and to standardize Man_darin Speech Test Materials (MSTMs). Methods Forty normal-hearing subjects aged from 18 to 30 years old were recruited in this study. The sentence materials were tested at 9 dB HL to these subjects according to the prepare ex_periment. The retest was carried out in the same condition after an interval of 14~28 days. The difference between test and retest score was examined by t-test, and the critical difference (CD) was analyzed with 95% confidence in_terval (CI). ResuIts There was no significant difference between the test and retest scores about speech perception performance. The critical difference was 18. 93% at 95% confidence interval, and the number of the corresponding key words was 10. ConcIusion The results showed that sentence materials of MSTMs have good test-retest relia_bility except list 6. The interventions could be considered effective just when the difference of the same subject's score exceed 18. 93%, that means 10 key words are necessary to improve that the intervention is effective.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the scoring formula and evaluate the lists equivalence of Mandarin Quick Speech-in-Noise (M-Quick SIN) test materials in mainland China, and for standardizing our research. METHOD: Double 39 subjects with normal hearing were participated in part one and part two of our experiments, respectively. 20, 18, 15, 13, 10, 8, 5, 3, 0, -2, -5, -7, -10 dB SNR were presented in part one; and 20, 15, 10, 5, 0, -5 dB SNR were presented in part two. The results were analyzed by SPSS 13.0. RESULT: SNR-50 was -2.24 dB SNR and "SNR loss = 24.5--correct words" was defined as the scoring formula. All the 13 lists had the e quivalent difficulty. CONCLUSION Defined "SNR loss = 24.5--correct words" as the scoring formula of M-Quick SIN, and the 13 lists had better difficulty equivalence, which could be used in our further clinical research.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Noise ; Speech ; Speech Discrimination Tests ; standards ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the short monosyllabic list of Mandarin speech test materials (MSTMs) which have been evaluated the equivalence of difficulty, and to establish the performance-intensity function (P-I function) for people with normal hearing as clinical reference of hearing recovery and individuals ability to perceive and process speech. METHOD: Thirty-seven subjects (the age ranged from 18 to 26 years old) who speak Mandarin well in their daily lives with normal hearing participated in this study. Eight lists of the Short Mandarin Monosyllabic materials (20 words per list) with equal difficulty were utilized. The results were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 17.0. RESULT: P-I function for short monosyllabic word list was x = 98.557/(1 + 12.243 exp (-0.17(P-15, x(max) = 98.557. And the sound pressure level of speech corresponding to a 50% recognition score was 29.6 dB SPL or 9.6 dB HL. The results showed P-I function of 3.1 per dB for Mandarin materials. CONCLUSION The study established the P-I function of the Mandarin short monosyllabic word list materials with equal difficulty, which provides the normative data for identifying the normal hearing in a clinical setting.
Adult ; Auditory Perception ; Female ; Hearing Tests ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Speech ; Speech Perception ; physiology

Objective The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between the development of audito‐ry and speech in infants with hearing loss after hearing aid fitting and discuss the development of speech with the a‐bility of auditory in infants with different degree of hearing loss and different stage of evaluation after hearing aid fit‐ting .Methods A total of 32 infants (17 boys and 15 girls) with prelingual hearing loss participated in this study . The age at hearing aid fitting ranged from 3 to 34 months with a mean of 15 .6 months .According to their hearing level ,all infants in this study were divided into three groups :group of profound hearing loss(16) ,group of severe hearing loss(11) ,group of moderate hearing loss(5) .CAP and SIR were used to evaluate their abilities of auditory and speech at pre -fitting ,1 ,3 ,6 ,9 and 12 months after hearing aid fitting respectively .A linear and regression a‐nalysis was done in the statistic procedure .Results There was a significant correlation between the scores of CAP and SIR for the three groups respectively .The correlation from low to high followed by the group of profound hear‐ing loss (R=0 .656 ,P=0 .000<0 .05) ,group of severe hearing loss (R=0 .758 ,P=0 .000<0 .05) ,group of mod‐erate hearing loss (R=0 .849 ,P=0 .000<0 .05) .There was also a significant correlation between the scores of CAP and SIR for the different evaluating stages respectively .The correlation from low to high followed by pre -fitting (R=0 .559 ,P=0 .000<0 .05) ,1 month after hearing aid fitting (R=0 .575 ,P=0 .000<0 .05) ,3 months after hearing aid fitting (R=0 .726 ,P=0 .000<0 .05) ,6 months after hearing aid fitting (R=0 .823 ,P=0 .000<0 .05) , 9 months after hearing aid fitting (R=0 .838 ,P=0 .000<0 .05) ,12 months after hearing aid fitting (R=0 .855 ,P=0 .000<0 .05) .Conclusion The development of auditory ability is closely related to speech ability which increases with the improvement of auditory ability .The less the infants have the hearing loss and the longer the infants use the hearing aids ,the higher the auditory ability is related to speech ability in infants after hearing aid fitting .