Object As stated in the subject. Methods By field cultivation.Results In sexual reproduction, (1) short tree branches can be used instead of the conventional tree trunks. Sow four layers of seed on to two timber layers. The peretration rate of Amillaria mellea (Vahl. ex Fr.) Karst into the germinated Gastrodia elata Bl.protocorm can attain well over 50%. After half year, the yield of both small and medium sized gastrodia tubers (2) Sow four layers of seed onto every two layers of long tree trunks may double the yield. In asexual propagation, the use of short tree branches not only can save timber material but also maintain the yield.Conclusion This new cultivation method can be used to save timber while maintaining the quality and quantity in the production of G. elata.

Objective To isolate and identify the chemical constituents in the polar part of the Ancecotochilus roxburghii.Methods The flavonoids were isolated by column chromatography and their structures were elucidated through spectral analyses such as FAB-MS and NMR.Results Five flavonoids were isolated and identified as quercetin 7-O-?-D-glucoside(Ⅰ),quercetin 3-O-?-D-rutinoside(Ⅱ),isorhamnetin-3,4′-O-?-D-diglucoside(Ⅲ),isorhamnetin-3,7-O-?-D-diglucoside(Ⅳ),and isorhamnetin-7-O-?-D-diglucoside(Ⅴ).Conclusion All the compounds are obtained from A.roxburghii for the first time.

BACKGROUND: Bone mineral content(BMC) can be determined by many methods, which are different in detecting position, clinical significance and differentiation between normal group and people with osteoporosis.OBJECTIVE: To establish a normal BMC standard by observing lumbar BMC with quantitative computerized tomography(QCT) measurement in Shenzhen women, so as to provide basis for clinical prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in the region.DESIGN: Randomized controlled, observational and comparative study taking normal women as subjects.SETTING: Medical imaging department of a hospital at district level.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 120 women aged 30 to 69 years, who received physical examination in the Central Hospital of Longgang district in Shenzhen from September 2000 to March 2002, were enrolled in this study. They were divided into four groups: 30 - 39 age group, 40 - 49 age group, 50 - 59 age group and 60 - 69 age group with 30 in each.METHODS: Trabecular and cortical BMC of lumber bodies(L1-3) were measured with QCT software so as to establish a standard of normal BMC in Shenzhen women and compare it with that of other regions.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The mean BMC in Shenzhen women, and comparison with that of other regions at home and abroad.RESULTS: The results of QCT showed linear correlation between BMC and bone ash weight, which could be expressed by the following linear regression equation: ash weight =0. 92432 × BMC + 39. 0633. Lumbar BMC loss increased with age in Shenzhen perimenopausal women. The annual loss of spongy bone and compact bones was 1.38% and 0. 84%, respectively. BMC of women aged 50 to 59 years was[ (135.31 ± 18.36) mg/cm3], obviously higher than that of women in Changchun city, Beijing city and the United States [(120.21 ±37.40), (116.7 ±26.6), and(119.5 ±27.1) mg/cm3]( t = 2. 002, 3. 383, 3. 636, P ＜ 0.05 - 0. 01 ) . Moreover, BMC of women aged 30 to 39 years was also obviously higher than that of corresponding American women( t = 3.119, P ＜ 0.01 ). No significant difference was found in BMC among women of the other age groups in these regions( P ＞ 0. 05).CONCLUSION: This is the first time in our country to establish a standard of normal BMC in perimenopausal women with QCT measurement, which provides basis for early prevention and treatment of osteoporosis as well as evaluation of prognosis and fracture risk.

Purpose　The aim is to study the conditions of preparation and regeneration of Gliocladium sp. (F) protoplast. Methods　 Different enzyme systems, enzymolysis time, osmotic pressure stabilizers were studied to investigate their influence on the productivity and regenerating rate of Gliocladiumsp. F protoplasts. The HPLC method was used to determine EP (6,22-diene-5,8-epidioxy ergosta-3-hydroxy) content.Results　The higher productivity of protoplasts was obtained when mycelia of strain F growing for 60 hours was digested at 28℃ for 4 hours by solution containing 2% cellulase and 2% helicase dissolved in 0.5 mol/L mannitol and the medium containing 0.5mol/L mannitol as osmotic pressure stabilizer would be suitable for protoplast regeneration. According to the EP productivity detected by HPLC, high positive rate of the regenerated strains growing in the medium containing 0.5mol/L mannitol could be got. Conclusion　The results will promote the research of strain F mutantgenesis and will be helpful for obtaining the strain more effectively biosythesizing compound EP.

The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate in mavalonic acid pathway, which is the first committed step for isoprenoid biosynthesis in plants. However, it still remains unclear whether HGMR gene plays a role in the isoprenoid biosynthesis in Dendrobium officinale, an endangered epiphytic orchid species. In the present study, a HMGR encoding gene, designed as DoHMGR1 (GenBank accession JX272632), was identified from D. officinale using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) methods, for the first time. The full length cDNA of DoHMGR1 was 2 071 bp in length and encoded a 562-aa protein with a molecular weight of 59.73 kD and an isoelectric point (pI) of 6.18. The deduced DoHMGR1 protein, like other HMGR proteins, constituted four conserved domains (63-561, 147-551, 268-383 and 124-541) and two transmembrane motifs (42-64 and 85-107). Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that DoHMGR1 had high identity (67%-89%) to a number of HMGR genes from various plants and was closely related to Vanda hybrid cultivar, rice and maize monocots. Real time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis revealed that DoHMGR1 was expressed in the three included organs. The transcripts were the most abundant in the roots with 2.13 fold over that in the leaves, followed by that in the stems with 1.98 fold. Molecular characterization of DoHMGR1 will be useful for further functional elucidation of the gene involving in isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway in D. officinale.

The association of selective vagotomy and antrectomy for the treatment of duodenal ulcer is considered as the best procedure to prevent ulcer recurrenceut it brings about too many operative sequelae.The authors of this paper used highly selective vagotomy in association with antrum mocosa resection to treat duodenal ulcer and the effects on gastric acid level and serum level of gastrin were compared with those after selective vagotomy and antrectomy.It was found that the reduction of gastric acid and the changes of serum gastrin were similar after the 2 operative procedures.It is believed that the association of highly selective vagotomy and antrum mocosa resection is the better operative treatment for duodenal ulcer than the association of selective vagotomy and antrectomy since the former can both reduce the number of postoperative sequelae and preserve the functions of the pylorus and the antrum.

The pharmacological activity of Mycena dendrobii Fan et Guo, a new species of endophytic fungus was studied. It was revealed that the mycelia methanol extracts and the fermentation liquid ethanol extracts of Mycena dendrobii showed anglgesic effect to mice, which have the correlations to that of the traditional Chinese medicine ‘shihu’. The fermentation liquid ethanol extracts of Mycena dendrobii showed excitation effect to central nervous system of mice. Then the effective parts of anglgesic effect was determined.

OBJECTIVETo isolate and characterize endophytic fungi from seven Dendrobium species, and detect their antimicrobial activities.

METHODFungal endophytes were isolated by strictly sterile sample preparation and fungal identification methods were based on their ITS ribosomal DNA (ITS rDNA gene) sequences. The agar well diffusion method was then employed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity against six pathogenic organisms and the phylogenetic tree of active isolates was constructed by the MEGA.

RESULTNinety-eight endophytic fungi obtained from seven Dendrobium spp., and among them twenty-four isolates, representing 11 genera and 14 species, displayed anti-microbial activities. The phylogenetic assay based on ITS-rDNA showed that 24 active isolates were sorted to 7 taxonomic orders: Hypocreales, Sordariales, Capnodiales, Eurotiales, Botryosphaeriales, Xylariales and Mucorales. The results of antimicrobial activity assay revealed that 1.02%, 10.2%, 18.4%, 1.02%, 1.02% and 10.2% of fermentation broths of 98 isolates displayed significant antimicrobial activities against E. coli, B. subtilis, S. aureus, C. albicans, C. neoformans and A. fumigatus, respectively. Four strains DL-R-3, DL-S-6, DG-R-10 and DN-S-1 displayed strong and broad antimicrobial spectrum.

CONCLUSIONEndophytic fungi associated with Dendrobium species have fungal diversity, and possess diverse antimicrobial activity.

Anti-Infective Agents ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Aspergillus fumigatus ; drug effects ; Bacillus subtilis ; drug effects ; Base Sequence ; Biodiversity ; Candida albicans ; drug effects ; China ; Cryptococcus neoformans ; drug effects ; DNA, Fungal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; chemistry ; genetics ; Dendrobium ; microbiology ; physiology ; Endophytes ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Escherichia coli ; drug effects ; Fungi ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Plant Roots ; microbiology ; physiology ; Plant Stems ; microbiology ; physiology ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Staphylococcus aureus ; drug effects