Objective To study the reconstruction and secretory function of the grafts after adrenal transplantation using fetal rats as donors.Methods Thirty adult SD rats randomly received sham operation(group A),excision of bilateral adrenals(groups B,C,D and E),and additionally adrenal transplantation in groups C,D and E using fetal rats aged 16,18 and 20 days respectively as donors.Results The weight of group A got down to the lowest at the 3rd week,and restored to the preoperation level at the 4th week after sham operation.The weight of group B gradually rose up within 4 weeks.The weight of groups C and D rose up in the first 2 weeks,then down.The weight of group E rose slowly within the first 3 weeks,then down.The serum level of corticosterone decreased sharply in group B after operation,while that of groups C,D and E went down obviously in the first 2 weeks,then up,but that in group C was significantly lower than that in groups D and E.Microscopically,we found the capsule of allografts thicken and underneath many proliferative cells and well-constructed glomerular and fascicular zone 4 weeks after operation.Conclusion After transplantation,the fetal adrenal could survive and reconstruct well,and its secretory function gets better gradually.The graft from the elder donor is better than that from the younger in reconstruction and secretory function,but shows no obvious difference in immunological rejection.

Good learning motivation can improve the learning interest and learning activity,enable students to form good learning habits,and achieve satisfactory effects.This research is to find out the problems of learning motivation and interest in the teaching of topographic anatomy,and provide some psychological evidences for the reform of topographic anatomy teaching.

Middle cerebral artery occlusion model with suture-occluded method in rats is widely regarded as the standard animal model of focal cerebral ischemia .In the process of preparation , it is easy to be influenced by multiple factors;among them the successful operation plays a key role .This article summarized from several aspects , such as the anatomic locations of the major arteries in the rat ’ s neck , where to perform the incision , which side to perform the operation and where to insert the suture .

Objective To document the impact of conversion to mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)at different time points after transplantation on the renal function of renal function.Methods A longterm,multicenter,non-interventional and observational study was done.Two cohorts were included:One was Switch cohort (340 cases) including renal allograft recipients who switched to MMF at least 6 months after renal transplantation and followed up for 4 years after switch; The other was Stay cohort (123 cases),including renal allograft recipients who received MMF treatment after transplantation and followed up for 4 years after enrollment.Results GFR values of patients in Switch cohort was significantly increased after switch,and the change in GFR slope was 3.1 mL· min-1 · year-1 (P＜0.01).GFR values of patients in Stay cohort kept steady before and after enrollment,and the change in GFR slope was 0.44 mL·min-1 ·year-1 (P＞0.05).Statistically significant difference in the onset time of GFR decline (defined as 20％ decline from the baseline) was observed among subgroups within Switch cohort (P＜0.01),but there was no significant difference among subgroups within Stay cohort (P＞0.05).Stay cohort was 12％ higher than in Switch cohort every year.Conclusion Conversion to MMF ＞6 months or even many years after transplantation can obviously improve the renal function of recipients.The earlier conversion can benefit improvement of the renal function.