OBJECTIVE:To develop a method for the determination of midazolam in child plasma.METHODS:Plasma level of midazolam in twenty two ICU children with mechanical ventilation was detected by solid-phase extraction-HPLC after treatment with midazolam for 24h.The separation was performed on Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18 column with acetonitrile — 7.56mmol? L-1 ammonium sulfate(gradient elution) as mobile phase.The flow rate was 1.0mL? min-1,the column temperature was 25℃ and the wavelength of UV detector was 254nm.RESULTS:The calibration curves for midazolam had a good linearity over the range of 0.05～ 25.00mg? L-1(r=0.999 8).The average recovery for midazolam was 99.29%.Both the intra-day RSD and inter-day RSD were less than 4%.The limits of quantitation for midazolam was 0.01mg? L-1.CONCLUS-ION:The method is sensitive,accurate,simple and rapid,and applicable for clinical blood drug level monitoring of midazolam.

OBJECTIVE:To make out the current situation and trend of antibiotics used in hospitals of Shanghai and to make objective evaluation METHODS:To investigate antibiotics used in 47 hospitals of Shanghai during the period 2000～2002 in respect to the sum of money of consumption,kinds of drugs,frequency of use and DDDs RESULTS:During the period 2000～2002,the average annual consumption of antibiotics accounted for 21 24% of the sum of money for total consumption of drugs and droped with an average rate of 1 9% In which,antibiotics for injection rised with a rate of 10 59% successively,and oral antibiotics decreased with a rate of 10 82% In amount of consumption,Ceftriaxone,Cefuroxime and Ceftazidime occupied the front places of antibiotics for injection And the corresponding order of oral antibiotics were Cefaclor,Cefradine and Amoxicillin CONCLUSION:The consumption of cephalosporins was the highest in the order of sum of money of antibiotics The market prospects of antibiotics for injection will be wide and bright

AIM: To explore the correlation between drug concentration of etoposide (VP16) and CYP3A activity (CA) in leukemia. METHODS: The urinary 6?-hydroxycortisol/hydrocortisone ratio is a useful marker for CA. Concentration of VP16 in plasma and CA was determined by HPLC in 20 leucemia patients, and the correlation analysis was performed using the SPSS software. RESULTS: Correlation analysis between drug concentration of VP16 and CA in leukemia was poor correlated (r = 0.725), but concentration of VP16 and lgCA showed a good correlated (r =0.969). CONCLUSION: It is feasible to adjust the therapeutic regimen of VP16 by determining CA.

OBJECTIVE:To find out the situation of antidiabetic drugs used in 47 hospitals of Shanghai and to make objective evaluation as reference for production,sale and consumption departments.METHODS:To investigate the hypoglycemic drugs used in 47 hospitals of Shanghai during the period 1998～2001 in respect to the sum of money of consumption,kinds of drugs,DDDs and DDC.RESULTS:In recent 4 years,the annual rate of growth of antidiabetic drugs were 11.98% in DDDs?6.32% in DDC and 19.05% in sum.Among the increasing ranges of antidiabetic drugs in DDDs,joint venture drugs occupied the first place,imported drugs came second,and domestic drugs got the least.CONCLUSION:Antidiabetic drug is a kind of common drug which has developmental future.

Objective To develop a solid-phase extraction and HPLC method for the determination of midazolam and its hydroxy metabolites in child plasma. Methods Blood plasma samples were collected twenty four hours after treated with midazolam by continuous infusion of 2μg·kg-1·min-1 in our intensive care unit, the concentration of midazolam and its metabolites in plasma was detected by solid-phase extraction and RP-HPLC. The separation was performed on ZORBAX Eclipse XDB～C18 column(4.6 ×250mm,5μ m) with 7.56mmol/L ammonium sulfate - acetonitrile as mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0ml/min,the column temperature was 25℃ and the wavelength of UV detector was 254nm. Results The retention time of 4-hydroxymidazolam, 1'-hydroxymidazolam and midazolam was detected as 8.14,9.09 and 11.18 min. The average recoveries for midazolam and its metabolites was 98.88% ～100.01% ,and RSD ＜ 4%. 29 patients took part in the study, the average plasma concentration of midazolam, 1'-hydroxymidazolam and 4-hydroxymidazolam was 0.68,0.28 and 0.08mg/L. Conclusion It is suitable for convention monitoring of the midazolam and its hydroxy metabolites concentration in the plasma

AIMTo evaluate CYP3A activity of hum an liver microsomes by the ratio of lidocaine(LDC) to its metabolites. M ETHODSIn 1 g?L -1 microsomal protein lidocaine was incubated at 37 ℃ for 1 hour. Lidocaine, monoethylglycinexylidide(MEGX) and glycinexylidide(GX) were determined by HPLC. RESULTSThe linear regress equations fo r LDC, MEGX and GX were = 0 293 4 X- 0 005 661 (r= 0 9 99 7 )、= 0 791 3 X- 0 008 916 (r= 0 999 3 ) and = 0 679 9 X- 0 007 770 (r= 0 998 5 ). The best conditio n for the incubation test in vitro was 2 0 mg?L -1 LDC plus 1 0 g ?L -1 microsomal protein for 60 min. The mean (MEGX+GX)/LDC ratio was 3 2 8. CONCLUSIONThe (MEGX+GX)/LDC ratio can be used to evaluate C YP3A activity of human liver microsomes.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the current situation and the trend of development of quinolones used in156hospitals of6cities in the Yangtze valley.METHODS:Quinolones used in156hospitals of6cities in the Yangtze valley were analyzed statistically in respect of the kind,consumption amount and DDDs etc..RESULTS:During the period of2000～2003,the annual increasing rate for consumption sum,DDDs and the defined daily cost of Quinolones used in156hospitals were22.08%,2.16%and19.50%respectively,with that of the higher defined daily cost increased faster,of which the annual increase rates in consumption sum and DDDs were up to33.22%and33.59%respectively,while the increasing percentage of oral quinolones was8.57%and-0.88%.Levofloxacin,which ranked the first in consumption,accounted for48.22%of total consumption and25.66%in DDDs.CONCLUSION:The marketing of quinolones will be further expanded.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the use and trend of lipid modifying agents in 83 Shanghai hospitals during the period 2004～2006.METHODS:Lipid modifying agents used in 83 Shanghai hospitals were analyzed statistically in respect of the kinds,consumption sum and DDDs etc.RESULTS:During the period 2004～2006,the use of lipid modifying agents increased year by year,with mean annual incremental rate of 15.40% in consumption sum and 15.37% in DDDs,but the average daily costs had no significant change.Leading the list in terms of consumption quantity were simvastatin,pravastatin and fenofibrate.CONCLUSION:The development trend of lipid modifying agents is promising.

OBJECTIVE:To make clear the situation and trend of drugs used for outpatients in Xinhua hospital during the period 1995～2001.METHODS:Data of drugs used for adult outpatients in our hospital during the period 1995～2001 was analysed.RESULTS:During the period 1995～2001,the average annual rates of growth of the number of prescriptions and the sum of money of prescriptions were 7.96% and 16.22% respectively.The percentages of domestic drugs,joint venture drugs and imported drugs were 80.56%,15.65% and 3.79% and the corresponding percentages of sum of money were 41.43%,47.65% and 10.92% respectively.The order of sum of money was as follows:cardiovascular drugs,gastro-intestinal drugs,anti-infective agents and antidiabetics,and the sum of money accounted for 22.92%,16.15%,14.84% and 6.46% respectively.CONCLUSION:In order to reduce the cost of drugs for outpatients,use of domestic drugs should be advocated.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a HPLC assay for determining stability of5%aciclovir ointment.METHODS:A HPLC method was used for the content determination of aciclovir in the ointment.The stablity of aciclovir ointment under humidity,light and heat was studied.RESULTS:The regression equation of aciclovir with the concentration C to the peak heights A∶C=9.310?10 -3 A+0.159,r=0.9999(n=6);the linear confine was0.6～19.2?g/ml;recovery was98.51%;RSD was0.42%.The quality and content showed no significant changes under humidity and light.The labelling amount percentages of aciclovir were98.36%,98.47%and98.26%in the test at40℃,60℃and80℃respectively.CONCLUSION:The HPLC assay is proved to be sensitive,accurate and simple.The ointment preparation has good stability in the test at40℃and under high light.