Aim To establish in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) model with characteristics of simulation of in vivo BBB by primi-tive co-culture of brain-microvessel endothelial cells (BMECs) with brain-microvessel pericytes (BMPC)and astrocytes (AS). Methods BMECs,BMPC and AS from SD rats were primitively isolated,purified and cultured,and then primitive culture cells were identified by cellular morphological and immunocytochemi-cal staining methods.Five types of in vitro BBB models were es-tablished by using Millicell culture insert (pore diameter 0.4μm)and their barrier functions were evaluated by detection of transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER),permeability of sodium fluorescent (Na-FLU ),expression of alkaline phospha-tase (AKP)and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT1 ),and simi-larity of permeation amount for positive drugs in vitro and in vivo BBB conditions.Results Primitive culture of BMECs presented typical pebbles-like structure,BMPC presented larger soma with branching property,AS presented slender synapse and shallower cytoplasm.Moreover,immunocytochemical staining results iden-tified primitive cells were targeted cells.TEER value for co-cul-ture of BMECs,BMPC and AS reached (478 ±25 )Ω· cm2 , permeability coefficients (Papp )value of Na-FLU was [(8.23 ± 0.78) ×10 -6 ]cm·s-1 ,expression of AKP and γ-GT1 were (6.90 ±0.27 )King unit · g-1 Pro and (4.39 ±0.32 )μg · g-1 Pro respectively.Moreover,good correlation could be found in Papp for positive controls in vitro and in vivo BBB models (R2=0.92).Conclusion The established in vitro BBB model by using primitive co-culture of BMECs with BMPC and AS posses-ses in vivo BBB properties in cell morphology,structures and barrier functions,and can be used as a powerful tool for studying physiology,pathology of BBB and screening candidate com-pounds.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell ; pathology ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; pathology ; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms ; secondary

To discuss the influence of dexamethasion on lL-1β and TNF - α expression in suture - induced rabbit corneal neovascularization ( CNV ) and analyze the potential mechanism.
●METHODS: For 43 healthy rabbits, 40 were randomly selected for establishing CNV model in corneal stroma. The right eyes (group A) were received no medicine and the left eyes ( group B) were injected dexamethasone after successfully establishing the model. The no modeling 3 rabbits were normal control group. The morphologic change of corneal was observed with slit lamp microscope and the areas of CNV was calculated every day, then 8 rabbits were randomly chosen for sacrificing at 1, 4, 7, 14, 21d respectively. The pathological characteristics of CNV were observed after HE staining, and lL - 1β and TNF - α expression was detected by immunohistochemistry.
●RESULTS: CNV was grown at the 4d after suture, and the 7-14d was vigorous growth period. inflammatory cell infiltration appeared after HE staining, and CNV was located at the superficial stroma of cornea. lmmunohistochemistry results showed that lL - 1β and TNF - α expression was gradually increased with prolonged suture time. Compared with corneal stitch group, the rabbits cured by dexamethasone were found with less inflammatory cells infiltrating and neovescularization, moreover, the expression of lL - 1βand TNF-α decreased. There were statistical significance between the two groups (P<0. 05).
● CONCLUSlON: Dexamethasone can inhibit the CNV growth by controlling the inflammation of corneal and restraining lL-1β and TNF-α expression.

Objective To investigate the value of radiofrequency catheter ablation(RFCA) on idiopathic ventricular tachycardia(IVT) in children.Methods The treatment efficiency of 35 patients accepting RFCA from March 2000 to February 2006 was analyzed,which was divided into control group and study group,randomly.The target site of IVT was localized by routine mapping in control group,and study group was localized by routine mapping combining doppler tissue imaging(DTI) on the basic treatment.Results Numbers of discharge,X-ray exposure time in study group were shorter than that in control group.There were no significance of radiofrequency energy,achievement rates and relapse rates between two groups.Conclusions RFCA is a safe and effective method on IVT.Children are localized combined with DTI shall decrease numbers of discharge and X-ray exposure time.

Factors influencing the temperature-sensing accuracy of an ablation catheter are analyzed, in this paper, from the two aspects of the thermocouple temperature sensor, which are the TC length and the TC hole's diameter of the ablation electrode. Meanwhile, differences between products from different companies are given too.
Catheter Ablation ; methods ; Electrodes ; Temperature

Objective To investigate the effect of early enteral nutrition combined with probiotics on the nutritional status of patients with severe head injury. Methods Thirty-five patients with severe head injury were randomized into early enteral nutrition group ( control group, n = 18 ) and early enteral nutrition combined with probiotics group (observational group, n = 17). All the patients received enteral nutrition via nasogastric tube within 24-48 hours following admission. Hemoglobin, lymphocyte count,plasma concentrations of total protein, albumin, prealbumin, cholinesterase, and fasting blood glucose were determined before enteral nutrition and at days 8, 15, 21 after enteral nutrition. Arm circumference (AC), triceps skinfold thickness (TSF) and ann muscle circumference ( AMC ) were measured at the same time points. Gastrointestinal reactions as well as the time to first defecation were recorded. Glasgow coma scale (GCS) was assessed. Results There was no difference in terms of hemoglobin, lymphocyte count, plasma concentrations of total protein, prealbumin, and GCS score at each time point between the two groups ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). At day 8 after enteral nutrition, the patients in the observational group exhibited significantly lower level of fasting blood glucose than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05 ). At day 15,the concentration of plasma cholinesterase in the observational group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). At day 21, the observational group showed a tendency in increase of plasma albumin level in comparison with the control group( P = 0. 054), and the decrease of AC and AMC was obviously lower than that in the control group ( P ＜0. 05 ) compared with pre-enteral nutrition. The observational group showed less gastro-oesophageal reflux and constipation as well as earlier time to first defecation compared with the control group ( P ＜ 0. 05,0. 01 ). Conclusion Compared with the ordinary enteral nutrition, the enteral nutrition combined with probiotics can attenuate metabolic disorders and improve the nutritional status of the patients with severe head injury.

Objective Aortic arch obstruction is a commonly associated malformation in the patients with Taussig-Bing anoma- ly.Herein,we reported our outcomes of single stage corrections in patients with the Taussig-Bing anomaly associated with aortic arch obstruction.Methods Between May,2000 and Dec,2006,12 patients with Taussig-Bing anomaly associated with aortic arch obstr- uction (5 patients associated with interrupted aortic arch) underwent arterial switch operation with baffling of the left ventricle to neo- aorta.The corrections of aortic arch obstruction included extended resection combined with end to end anastomosis to aortic arch or end to side anastomosis to ascending aorta.Results The hospital mortality rate was 25% (3/12).The ventilating time and ICU stay were (7.4?2.1) days and (11.7?4.6) days,respectively.No reoperation because of residual anomalies was required.Conclusion Tanssig-Bing anomaly,especially associated with aortic arch obstruction,is different from transposition of great artery.The opti- mized operative indications,techniques and the managements of aortic arch obstruction are discussed in the article.

Objective It has become more important to protect brain function in operation and post-operation period with the developmen of surgery therapy for congenital heart surgery.Methods The primary cultured neuron cell of l8-day-pregnan embryoid Sprague-Dawley rat's hippocampus has been selected as the experimental material.The experimental concentration of magnesium sulfate will be 0 mmol/L,1 mmol/L,2 mmol/L,4 mmol/L;0 mmol/L is for control group.Selecting c-fos protein as target for primary antibody.Results After immunohistochemistry procedure,we found the mortality of neuronal cultures with magnesium sulfate in different concentration was 89.47 %,49.35 %,52.56 %,90.67 %(P

Objective To propose the three heights of intervertebral disc during cervical disc degeneration by measuring the cervical intervertebral disc heights in patients with cervical spondylosis. Methods Totally 96 patients with cervical spondylosis undergoing surgery in our hospital from Jan. 2017 to May 2017 were enrolled in this study, and their intervertebral disc heights of C2-7 were measured by the lateral X-ray. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the Pfirrmann score: anatomical height group (Pfirrmann score-Ⅱ grade without height loss), natural height group (Pfirrmann score III grade), and pathological height group (Pfirrmann score -grade with moderate and severe intervertebral height loss). Two-way ANOVA and LSD analysis were performed to compare the intervertebral disc heights between the three groups. Results The average age of 96 patients was (53.4±19.6) years old, with 57 males and 39 females. Fifty-nine cases were diagnosed with cervical spondylotic myelopathy, 25 with nerve root type cervical spondylosis, and 12 with mixed cervical spondylosis. The average intervertebral disc heights in the anatomic height, natural height and pathological height groups were (7.7±1.2) mm, (7.1±0.9) mm and (5.9±1.0) mm, respectively, and there were significant differences between the three groups (all P<0.01). The cut-off values (sensitivity, specificity) of the anatomical heights and natural heights, natural heights and pathological heights of C3-4, C4-5, C5-6 and C6-7 were 7.45 mm (0.62, 0.65) and 6.95 mm (0.63, 1.00), 7.75 mm (0.49, 0.85) and 6.10 mm (0.89, 0.43), 7.75 mm (0.59, 0.77) and 6.95 mm (0.66, 0.91), and 7.85 mm (0.61, 0.89) and 5.95 mm (0.86, 0.73), respectively. Conclusion During the process of degeneration, cervical disc height can be classified as anatomical height, natural height (degenerative height) and pathological height. We should pay attention to the intervertebral disc height before operation and suggest to restore natural disc height.

Objective : To investigate the willingness to receive HIV testing in primary health service institutions (PHSIs) among young students in Wuhan City, so as to provide the evidence for improving the detection of HIV testing among young students. Methods: Fifteen PHSIs were sampled using a stratified random sampling method in 14 districts of Wuhan City, and school students at ages of 15 to 24 years were sampled from each district using a convenience sampling method. Participants' demographics, awareness of AIDS-related knowledge, HIV testing and willingness to receive HIV testing were collected using questionnaires, and factors affecting the willingness to receive HIV testing in PHSIs were identified among school students using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results : A total of 301 questionnaires were allocated, and 299 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 99.34%. The respondents included 143 men (47.83%) and 156 women (52.17%), and had a mean age of (19.36±2.40) years; there were 223 respondents with an educational level of diploma and above (74.58%). The awareness of AIDS-related knowledge was 71.57% among the respondents, and 144 respondents had received AIDS-related health education in PHSIs (48.16%). There were 34 respondents that had received HIV testing (11.37%) and 203 respondents that were willing to receive HIV testing in PHSIs (67.89%). The respondents that were unwilling to receive HIV testing in PHSIs were mainly attributed to considering to be unlikely to get HIV infections (82.29%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that school students who knew AIDS-related knowledge (OR=2.797, 95%CI: 1.583-4.941), knew free HIV counseling and testing services in PHSIs (OR=2.070, 95%CI: 1.123-3.814), and had received AIDS-related health education in PHSIs (OR=2.814, 95%CI: 1.573-5.032) were more willing to receive HIV testing in PHSIs. Conclusions There were 67.89% of school students that were willing to receive HIV testing in PHSIs in Wuhan City, and the willingness to receive HIV testing was correlated with the awareness of risk of HIV infections, and awareness and experience of AIDS control services in PHSIs.