OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical effects of minimal invasion and closed reduction with external fixation in treating elderly femoral intertrochanteric fracture.

METHODSFrom August 2007 and September 2013, 43 patients with elderly femoral intertrochanteric fracture were treated by minimal invasion and closed reduction with external fixation. There were 26 males and 17 females with an average age of 78 years old ranging from 68 to 92 years. Durations from injury to operation ranged from 1 to 8 days with an average of 3 days. According to AO classification, there were 22 cases with type A1, 15 with type A2, 6 with type A3. The time of bone healing were observed after operation and the clinical effects were evaluated by Harris scoring standard.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 10 to 18 months with an average of 13 months. The incisions obtained one-stage healing after removal of external fixation. All the fractures were healed and the mean healing time was 16 weeks (ranged, 12 to 18 weeks). Two patiens complicated with the thread needle loosening in the femoral trochanteric, 2 cases with the hip varus deformity and 1 case with the delayed union. No bone nonunion, external fixer breakage, blood vessel or nerve damage were found. According to the Harris scoring standard,the average Harris score of hip joint function was 85.89±7.36, and 18 cases got excellent results, 19 good.

CONCLUSIONMinimal invasion and closed reduction with external fixation can obtain satisfactory results in treating elderly femoral intertrochanteric fractures. It is a simple and effective method for elderly patients who cannot tolerate anesthesia and surgery trauma.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; External Fixators ; Female ; Fracture Healing ; Hip Fractures ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods

The endophytic fungi with plant growth promoting effects were screened by co-culture of each endophytic fungus and seedlings of Dendrobium officinale. Anatomical features of the inoculated roots were studied by paraffin sectioning. Morphological characteristics and rDNA ITS1-5. 8S-ITS2 sequences were applied for the taxonomy of endophytic fungi. The results showed that 8 strains inoculated to D. officinale seedlings greatly enhanced plant height, stem diameter, new roots number and biomass. According to the anatomical features of the inoculated roots, each fungus could infect the velamina of seedlings. The hyphae or pelotons were existed in the exodermis passage cells and cortex cells. The effective fungi could not infect the endodermis and vascular bundle sheath, but which was exception for other fungi with harmful to seedlings. Combined with classic morphologic classification, 2 effective strains were identified which were subjected to Pestalotiopsis and Eurotium. Six species of fungi without conidiophore belonged to Pyrenochaeta, Coprinellus, Pholiota, Alternaria, Helotiales, which were identified by sequencing the PCR-amplified rDNA ITS1-5. 8S-ITS2 regions. The co-culture technology of effective endophytic fungi and plant can apply to cultivate the seedlings of D. officinale. It is feasible to shorten growth cycle of D. officinale and increase the resource of Chinese herbs.
Biomass ; DNA, Fungal ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Dendrobium ; cytology ; growth & development ; microbiology ; Endophytes ; classification ; genetics ; physiology ; Fungi ; classification ; genetics ; physiology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Hyphae ; physiology ; Plant Roots ; cytology ; growth & development ; microbiology ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development ; microbiology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S ; genetics ; Seedlings ; cytology ; growth & development ; microbiology ; Species Specificity

Adult ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Health ; Steel

Objective To study retrospectively the efficacy and complications of different surgery approaches used to treat primary spinal tumors and to discuss the surgical strategy in treating them. Methods 135 patients with primary spinal tumors had been treated between July 1998 and July 2005. The following diagnoses were made based on histopathological findings: multiple myeloma in 25 patients, giant cell tumor in 17, neurofibroma or neurilemmoma in 23, chondrosarcoma in 7, osteoblastoma in 6, aneurysmal bone cyst in 4, lymphoma in 9, eosinophilic granuloma in 6, hemangioma in 15, osteosarcoma in 3, Ewing sarcoma in 5, and other different tumors in 15. Anterior approach and posterior approach was used in 73 cases and 31 cases respectively. Posterolateral approach was used in 13 cases and combination of anterior and posterior approach was used in 18 cases. Results Pain relief was obtained in 126 of the 135 patients(93.3%). Improved neurological function was seen in 86 of 92 patients who had suffered from impaired neurological function. No severe complications were found in the follow-up period. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage was observed in 11 patients, and which was successfully treated using antibiotics therapy and raising the foot of the bed. 3 patients suffered from stress ulcer after operation, but they recovered soon after blood transfusion and anti-acid treatment. Other complications included subcutaneous emphysema (in 3 patients), superficial wound infection (in 3 patients),nerve root injury (in 2 patients), implant loosening (in 2 patients), and neurological morbidity due to surgery (in 1 patient). Conclusion When single or two adjacent vertebrae are involved by spinal tumors such as giant cell tumor and chondrosarcoma, tumor resection should be performed through combination of anterior and posterior approach. Aggressive resection based on the Tomita or WBB staging system is the treatment most likely to achieve long-term local control.

The sequences of 5.8S rDNA and the flanking internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) were sequenced from hypha, fruit body and sclerotia of Grifola umbellata and its companion fungus. Their ITS sequences similarity was 99.36%. The results suggested that G. umbellata was closely related to its companion fungus.

An elicitor from fungus Mycenae sp. enhanced the extracellular pH of protocorms of Dendrobium candidum in two stages and also inspired the activities of PAL, POD and LOX. The different elicitors were different in enhancing the pH. The activities of PAL and POD ascended twice after elicitors were applied. The protocorms treated twice by elicitor had the higher PAL activity.

Owing to the positive interactions between different microorganisms, mixed fermentation has been found more and more effective in practice. Apparent progress has been made on the application and mechanism of mixed fermentation in past ten years, including: (1) degradation and utilization of cellulose, bagasse, cornstalk, etc; (2) degradation of environmental pollution, like Diazinon and PVA; (3) production of specifically metabolite; (4) optimized technics of mixed fermentation. The latest progress on the application, related mechanism, microorganisms, and conditions of mixed fermentation is reviewed in this article.

Halomonas sp.BYS-1 was a moderately halophilic bacteria strain isolated from activated sludge,It could grow on MM with NaCl concentration from 0.1～2.6 mol/L and phenyl acetic acid as sole carbon souce. When BYS-1 grew in the media with different concentrations of NaCl, there was no obvious change in its intracellular Na+ contents , it accumulated K+, glutamic acid and betaine as osmoprotectants. Its intracellular contents of K+,glutamic acid and betaine increased by 1.9,2.4 and 13.6 times, respectively, when the concentration of NaCl increased from 0.1 mol/L to 2mol/L.

Objective To investigate the expression of glioma-associated oncogene 2 (Gli2) in giant cell tumor of bone, and analyze the differential expression in the different classification of imaging and pathology and the recurrent diseases, to discuss its role and significance in the pathogenesis and prognosis of giant cell tumor of bone. Methods 46 cases of giant cell tumor of bone who received the primary treatment in Peking University Peopleˊs Hospital during Jan 2009 and Dec 2012 and had the full data of treatment and could be follow-up were collected. Among which there were 40 benign cases and 6 malignant cases. The expression of Gli2 in the different cases of giant cell tumor of bone were detected by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR, and its effect on the prognosis of giant cell tumor of bone was analyzed. Results Immunohistochemistry revealed positive expression of Gli2 in giant cell tumor of bone. The positive rate of Gli2 in malignant cases was significantly higher than that in benign cases [100.0 % (6/6) vs 55.0 % (22/40), P=0.035], and only found increasing trend but no significant difference among recurrent cases (P=0.204). Results of real-time PCR indicated that Gli2 highly expressed in giant cell tumor of bone, and the increasing trend of expression in different pathological types, different image classifications and recurrent cases, but no statistical different were found (all P>0.05). The expression correlation analysis showed that the expression of Gli2 and PTHrP, and the expression of RANKL and OPG either had a significant correlation (both P< 0.05). Additionally the expression of PTHrP and RANKL had a moderate correlation (P<0.05). Conclusions The expression level of Gli2 is high in giant cell tumor of bone, and Gli2 may be involved in recurrence,metastasis and malignant transformation. Gli2 may effect the osteolytic process of giant cell tumor of bone by the regulation mechanism of Gli2-PTHrP-RANKL pathway.

Background and purpose: Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare malignant neoplasm characterized by slow growth and indolent behavior, and most of the patients had metastases in diagnoses. This study was to define clinical features and assess prognostic factors of ASTS. Methods: Between January 2003 and December 2008, there were 15 patients with ASTS who received treatment and were followed up in the Department of Orthopedic Ontology of Peking University People's Hospital. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical factors of the disease related to prognosis: gender, age, tumor size, primary tumor site, metastatic sites, local recurrence, the roles of postoperative radiotherapy and postoperative chemotherapy. Resnlts: At a follow-up from 7 to 76 months, only 2 patients had local recurrences after excision, but there was a high incidence of pulmonary metastases. Only 6 patients achieved disease free survival, 5 patients died of metastases or other complications. The five-year overall survival rates was 41.7%, and the median survival time was 42.0 months. Univariate analysis and Cox regression analysis revealed that tumor size, tumor primary site and metastases at diagnoses were prognostic factors, but not gender and age, Conclusion: Alveolar soft part sarcoma is a high grade malignant soft tissue neoplasm with frequent metastases to lung, bone or brain. Tumor size, primary tumor site and metastases at diagnoses are some of the prognostic factors. Chemotherapy or radiotherapy after surgery have no benefit to the survival in our analysis. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify the best strategy for the treatment of ASPS.