Depression is a difficult problem because of its unresolved etiology , complex pathogenic factors ,and unknown path-ogenesis in the field of neuroscience .In recent years,the research of the pathogenesis in depression had made important progress at home and abroad .This article elaborates the mainstream hypothesis of depression mechanism to broaden the understanding depression in the fields of neurobiochemical study , neuroendocrine and neural plasticity studies .

Objective To understand whether it had differences in bile culture and drug susceptibility test between patients with community-acquired acute cholecystitis and patients with community-acquired acute cholangitis at present.Methods 169 patients with community-acquired acute cholecystitis and the 97 patients with community-acquired acute cholangitis in our department were selected prospectively,in which 16 patients suffered from both community-acquired acute cholecystitis and community-acquired acute cholangitis.Bile sample was extracted in operations and delivered to perform aerobic culture and drug sensitivity test.The bile samples coming from cholecyst were divided into group A,while the bile samples coming from bile duct were divided into group B.Results The positive rates of bile culture in group A and group B were separately 24.9% and 64.9%(P<0.05).The result of the sample coming from cholecyst and the result of the sample coming from bile duct were not the same in 4 patients of the 16 patients who suffered from both community-acquired acute cholecystitis and community-acquired acute cholangitis simultaneously.The main bacteria of acute cholecystitis included Escherichia coli(28.0%),Klebsiella pneumonia(24.0%)and Enterococcus faecium(16.0%).The main bacteria of acute cholangitis included Escherichia coli(39.7%),Klebsiella pneumonia(19.2%)and Enterobacter cloacae(12.3%).The antibiotics which were lowly resistant to gram negative bacteria in the two groups(A and B) included amikacin(0%/0%),ertapenem(0%/0%),imipenem(0%/7.0%)and piperacillin/tazobactam(0%/7.0%).The antibiotics which had lower resistant rates to gram positive bacteria in the two groups included tigecycline(0%/0%)and linezolid(0%/0%).The proportions of the multidrug-resistant strains in the two groups were separately 24.0% and 35.6%(P>0.05).Conclusion Some difference exist in the results of bile culture between patients with community-acquired acutecholecystitis and patients with community-acquired acute cholangitis,but the main bacteria of the both two types of biliary tract infection are Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia.The drug resistance is serious in the both infections,and the most sensitive antibiotics to gram negative bacteria include amikacin,ertapenem,imipenem,piperacillin/tazobactam,and the most sensitive antibiotics to gram positive bacteria include tigecycline,linezolid in the both infections.

Objective To examine the relationship between inflammatory response induced by cardiopulmonary bypass and postoperative cognitive dysfunction.Methods Twenty-five patients undergoing elective cardiac valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass were randomly divided into two groups:ulinastatin group(group U,n=13) and control group(group C,n=12).In group U,ulinastatin 12 000 U/kg Was given intravenously immediately after induction of anesthesia,6 000 U/kg ulinastatin Was added to the priming solution,and 6000 U/kg ulinastatin was given at 5 min before the aortic decamping.In group C,normal saline was given instead of ulinastatin.Venous blood samples were taken after induction of anesthesia,at the end of CPB,and 24 h after operation for determination of plasma IL-6 concentration and neutrophils NF-kB expression.The cognitive function of the patients was evaluated by Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE) before and 3 d,7 d after operation.Results The concentraion of IL-6 and neutrophils NF-kB expression were lower in group U than in group C(P<0.05 or 0.01).There wag no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction between group C and U.Conclusion Inflammatory response induced by cardiopulmonary bypass is not related to postoperative cognitive dysfunction.

Objective To explore the application of the ultraviolet spectrophotometry method in detecting colchicine poisoning serum to provide the basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of colchicine poisoning.Methods 0.5 mL of serum was taken and added with the extract solution(chloroform∶methanol=95 ∶5)4.0 mL.The sufficient oscillation extraction and high-speed cen-trifugation were performed.Then the organic layer was taken into another test tube for drying by nitrogen.0.2 mL of methanol dis-solved residue was taken and blended.50 μL of the mixed solution was taken for conducting ultraviolet scanning.Results The max-imum absorption peak of serum colchicine was (351 ±1)nm,the concentration within 5.0-40 μg/mL showed linearity,the regres-sion equation wasY =0.050 2X +0.001 3,the correlation coefficient was 0.999 5,the recovery rate was 83.8% -102.8%,the rel-ative standard deviation:3.3% -4.8%.The intra-day and inter-day were 3.22%-4.74% and 3.45%-4.66%,the lowest detec-tion concentration was 1 .0 μg/mL.Conclusion This method is simple to operate,fast in analysis,accurate in the detection result, which provides a simple and accurate detection method for clinical diagnosis of colchicine poisoning.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of TTC and FTC regimens as neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Methods Collecting clinical data of 325 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with TIC and FTC regimens from June 2004 to April 2008, among them 138 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with TTC regimen in one group, and 187 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with CTF regimen in the other group. The expression of Topo Ⅱ a in specimen of 325 patients before neoadjuvant chemotherapy were detected by immunohistochemical method. Results Among the 325 cases of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the overall response rate (RR) was 87.7 % in TIC arm and 67.4 % in FTC arm (P=0.000), but in the group of Topo Ⅱ a(+) Her-2(-), the overall response rate (RR) was 87.8 % in TTC arm and 79.4 % in FTC arm (P=0.266), and in the groups of Topo Ⅱ a(-), there was statistical significance; the pathologic complete response rate (pCR) was 13.7 % in TIC ann and 11.2 % in CTF ann (P=0.491). Conclusion TIC regimen is superior to FTC regimen in the response rate of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, but patients with negative expression of Topo Ⅱ a may get more benefits from 9eoadjuvant taxane and anthracycline chemotherapy.

AIM:To study the effect of mistletoe lectins on cell proliferation and apoptosis in HT-29 human colon cancer cell.METHODS:The effect of mistletoe lectins on cell viability in HT-29 cell was evaluated by MTT assay.Cell apoptosis was observed by DNA ladder analysis and Tunel.RESULTS:Mistletoe lectins(eg.,1-4 mg/L) inhibited cell growth in a dose and time dependent way in HT-29 cells.HT-29 cells apoptosis can be induced when exposed to mistletoe lectins(eg.,1-4 mg/L).CONCLUSION:Mistletoe lectins can inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in HT-29 cells in vitro.

Objective To analyze the effect of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and enteral nutrition (EN) in patients with acute pancreatitis. Methods Randomized controlled trials of TPN and EN in patients with acute pancreatitis were searched in Medline and China Biological Medicine Disk from Jan 1966 to June 2004. Eight studies were enrolled into the analysis. The detail about the trial design, characters of the subjects, results of the studies were reviewed by two independent authors and analysed by using Revman 4.2 software. Results Compared with TPN, EN was associated with a significantly lower incidence of secondary infections (RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.29-0.68, P=0.0002) and other complications(RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.47-0.96, P=0.03), fewer surgical interventions (RR 0.47, 95%CI 0.24-0.94, P=0.03) and shorter hospitalization. However, there was no significant difference in mortality (RR 0.61, 95%CI 0.32-1.18, P=0.14) between patients with TPN and EN. Conclusion EN could be the preferred nutrition feeding method in patients with acute pancreatitis.

Objective To investigate the effect of anti-inflammation-analgesic injection (AIAI) combined with extract from rabbit skin inflamed by vaccinia virus (ERSVV) on repair of the damaged sciatic nerve in rats.Methods Fifty adult SD rats of both sexes weighing 260-300 g were randomly divided into 5 gronps ( n = 10each): sham operation group (group S); sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury group (group CCI); CCI + AIAI group (group A); CCI + ERSVV group (group E) and CCI + AIAI + ERSVV group (group A + E). Right sciatic nerve was exposed and 4 loose ligatures were placed on the sciatic nerve at 1 mm intervals with 4/0 catgut in CCI,A,E and A + E groups. A catheter was placed around sciatic nerve, and fixed to the nearby muscle and kept unclogged by injecting 0.2 nl distilled water daily. AIAI and/or ERSVV 0.2 ml were injected via the catheter starting from the 14th day after operation. AIAI 0.2 ml contained dexamethasone palmitate (4 mg/ml) 0.05 ml, 2% lidocaine 0.05 ml and vitamin B12 (0.5 mg/ml) 0.05 ml in distilled water. Dexamethasone palmitate was omitted in AIAI starting from the 2nd of drug administration in group A and A + E. Paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation (MWT) was measured before (baseline) and at 1, 5, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after operation. Sciatic nerves were exposed at 14 and 28 days after operation in 5 rats in each group. Conduction velocity of motor nerve (NCV) and action potential (AP) of gastrocnemius muscle were measured. Sciatic nerve at the site of CCI was examined for pathologic changes, the number of axons (NA) and thickness of myelin sheath (TMS) with light microscope. Results CCI significantly decreased MWT, AP, NA, TMS and NCV in group CCI as compared with group S (P ＜0.01). AIAI and/or ERSVV significantly attenuated CCI-induced decrease in MWT, AP, NA, TMS and NCV in A,E and A + E groups as compared with CCI group ( P ＜ 0.05). Their curative effects were potentiated by combined use. Conclusions Both AIAI and ERSVV have curative effects against CCI-induced sciatic nerve injury and their actions are potentiated by combined used.

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical features and the magnetic resonance imaging of brain of children with Japanese encephalitis (JE) and whether this relationship can be used in early diagnosis.MethodsMRI was performed in 145 children with JE.T1-weighted,T2-weighted and FLAIR of brain were obtained in 98 patients with 0.35 T MRI system and conventional MRI and DWI were performed in 47 patients with 1.5 T MRI system.The position,range and MRI features were analyzed.ResultsMR imaging studies of 106 patients showed hyperintensity in the thalamic with 87 patients involved the caudex cerebri,as seen on T2-weighted images.The lesions were also seen in basal ganglia (32 cases),cerebral cortex (43 cases),cerebellum (2 cases),and white matter (15 cases).Lesions showed high intensity signal on T2WI and T2-FLAIR,and iso- or low intensity on T1WI.The number of the lesions in FLAIR were more than T2WI.The positive rate on 1.5 T MRI (87.2%) was higher than that on 0.35 T MRI(66.3%,χ2＝7.06,P＜0.01).ConclusionsMultiple brain tissues can be involved and the thalamic and the caudex cerebri involvement are the conspicuous characteristics in children with JE.T2-FLAIR and DWI are helpful in the early diagnosis of JE.

Objective To explore the preservation effect of a modified platelets(PLT)additive solution(PAS-ⅢM)as a substitute for plasma in the storage of platelet concentrates at low temperature.Methods Apheresis platelets from 6 donors were divided and stored in different media,that is,A:70%PAS-ⅢM/30%plasma stored at 10 ℃,B:plasma stored at 22 ℃,C:plasma/trehalose stored at-85 ℃.The samples of in group A and B were respectively collected in 0,1,5,7 and 9 days after storage,and those of group C on day 20 after storage.Platelet count(PLT),mean platelet volume(MPV),platelet distributing width(PDW),CD62p,hypotonic shock response(HSR),platelet aggregation(PAgT),pH,lactic dehydrogenase(LDH),glucose consumption were evaluated.Results The expression of CD62p in group A and B group were increased in a time-dependent manner,but HSR and PAgT were decreased.CD62p expression,LDH release,glucose consumption were significant higher,and HSR,PAgT were significant lower in group B than in group A(P