Objective To investigate the effect of propofol on the cerebral injury induced by ketamine in neonatal rats. Methods Eighty 7-day-old SD rats of both sexes, weighing 12-20 g, were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 20 each): normal saline (NS) group, ketamine-induced cerebral injury group (group K), propofol group (group P) and propofol combined with ketamine group (group PK). Group NS received intraperitoneal NS 1 ml. In groups K, P and PK, ketamine 70 mg/kg, propofol 70 mg/kg and propofol 70 mg/kg + ketamine 70 mg/kg were injected intraperitoneally once every 2 h for 3 times respectively. Ten rats in each group were selected and sacrificed at 24 h after emergence from anesthesia and the hippocampi obtained to determine the neuronal apoptosis (by TUNEL) and Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression(by immunohitochemistry). The apoptosis rate was calculated.The other 10 rats in each group were selected at 21 days after the intraperitoneal injection and the learning and memory functions (escape latency and frequency of crossing the original platform) were evaluated using Morris water maze. Results Compared with group NS, the apoptosis rate was significantly increased in group K, Bcl-2 protein expression was up-regulated in groups P and PK, and Bax protein expression was up-regulated, the escape latency was significantly prolonged and the frequency of crossing the original platform was significantly decreased in the other groups (P ＜ 0.05 .or 0.01 ). Compared with group K, the apoptosis rate was significantly decreased in group PK, Bax protein expression was down-regulated in group P, and Bcl-2 protein expression was up-regulated,the escape latency was significantly shortened and the frequency of crossing the original platform was significantlyincreased in groups P and PK ( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Propofol can reduce the cerebral injury induced by ketamine in neonatal rats, and the regulation of the Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression and inhibition of the neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus may be involved in the mechanism.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and the indication and the management of perioperative complications in treatment of infra- kidney abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) by using endovascular graft exclusion (EVGE). Methods From April 2006 to September 2008, 24 patients with infra- kidney abdominal aortic aneurysms were diagnosed by contrast-enhanced CT or MRI scan. Vascular access was obtained through the bilateral femoral artery after arteriotomy and stent-graft was deployed into AAA of below the renal artery to occlude the left over cavity of AAA. The stent- graft was extended and anchored to the both side wall of AAA, the blood flow enter into the arteria iliaca communis through the sten't.Results Stent-graft deployment was successfully performed in all the patients. Immediate aortography after the procedure showed no leakage in 20 patients and the type Ⅰ minor leakage in 4 patients. No stent movement or organ and both lower extremities ischemia was found at the early post operative stage in all the patients. Six months after the operation, in all the 24 patients, contrast-enhanced CT scan showed the disappearance of the aneurysm and thrombosis at the level of the stent. Conclusions EVGE is simple,minimally invasive,less complication and quick recovery after operation. Thus it becomes first choice for the treatment of AAA for the elder patients.

Objective To explore the clinical value of flow cytometry( FCM) and DNA automated cell image analyzer ( AICM) in determine the character of ascites and pleural effusion.Methods This was a cross-sectional study.203 ascites and pleural effusionsamples were random selected from PLA hospital inpatients between August 2013 to June 2014 .The DNA content of sediment cells were detectedthrough the FCM and AICM respectively benign and malignant disease were differentiated according the counts and proportion of aneuploid cells.The sensitivity, specificitywere calculated byROC curves.Results The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of flow cytometry cell in detectingtumor cells were 78.6%,80.0% and 79.2%%, while the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of image analyzer were 83.5%,78.6% and 81. 3%respectively.When FCM and AICMwere combined ,the sensitivity, specificity and accuracyincreased to 92.2%, 86.3% and 89.6%.Conclusions Compared toconventional cytology test, the sensitivity and specificity were significantly high when the two methods were combined .Therefore, the combination method can be used to assist in clinical identification of the nature of ascites and pleural effusion and to help the diagnosis of disease.

With the research progress on the biology and pathogenesis of cancer, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have come into being, bringing a new hope for the survival of patients with advanced cancer and opening a new era of cancer immunotherapy. However, with the wide application of immunotherapy in clinical practice, ICI-related adverse events (irAEs) have gradually emerged and are widely known by first-line clinicians. ICIs primarily activate T cells that can attack normal tissues and organs in the body and cause a variety of adverse reactions. Checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) is one of the rare complications with poor prognosis in irAEs. This article reviews the therapeutic mechanism of some ICIs; the incidence, risk factors, pathogenesis, and clinical and imaging manifestations of CIP; and the classification and treatment management of CIP.

OBJECTIVE: To detect variant of EDA gene in a fetus with absence of germ teeth detected by prenatal ultrasonography. METHODS: Clinical data and amniotic fluid and peripheral venous blood samples of the pregnant woman were collected for the analysis. Following extraction of genome DNA, the coding regions of the EDA gene were amplified by PCR and subjected to next-generation sequencing. Candidate variant was verified by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS: The pregnant woman was found to carry a heterozygous c.574G>A variant in the EDA gene, for which the fetus was hemizygous. Bioinformatic analysis suggested the variant to be pathogenic. CONCLUSION Combined ultrasonographic and genetic findings suggested the fetus is affected with X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia due to pathogenic variant of the EDA gene.
Ectodermal Dysplasia 1, Anhidrotic/genetics* ; Ectodysplasins/genetics* ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis

Neuroglia ; Brain ; Biology

Social defeat stress (SDS) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders like anxiety and depression. Sleep is generally considered to involve recovery of the brain from prior experience during wakefulness and is altered after acute SDS. However, the effect of acute SDS on sleep/wake behavior in mice varies between studies. In addition, whether sleep changes in response to stress contribute to anxiety is not well established. Here, we first investigated the effects of acute SDS on sleep/wake states in the active period in mice. Our results showed that total sleep time (time in rapid eye-movement [REM] and non-REM [NREM] sleep) increased in the active period after acute SDS. NREM sleep increased mainly during the first 3 h after SDS, while REM sleep increased at a later time. Then, we demonstrated that the increased NREM sleep had an anxiolytic benefit in acute SDS. Mice deprived of sleep for 1 h or 3 h after acute SDS remained in a highly anxious state, while in mice with ad libitum sleep the anxiety rapidly faded away. Altogether, our findings suggest an anxiolytic effect of NREM sleep, and indicate a potential therapeutic strategy for anxiety.

Beijing has been one of the epicenters attacked most severely by the SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus) since the first patient was diagnosed in one of the city's hospitals. We now report complete genome sequences of the BJ Group, including four isolates (Isolates BJ01, BJ02, BJ03, and BJ04) of the SARS-CoV. It is remarkable that all members of the BJ Group share a common haplotype, consisting of seven loci that differentiate the group from other isolates published to date. Among 42 substitutions uniquely identified from the BJ group, 32 are non-synonymous changes at the amino acid level. Rooted phylogenetic trees, proposed on the basis of haplotypes and other sequence variations of SARS-CoV isolates from Canada, USA, Singapore, and China, gave rise to different paradigms but positioned the BJ Group, together with the newly discovered GD01 (GD-Ins29) in the same clade, followed by the H-U Group (from Hong Kong to USA) and the H-T Group (from Hong Kong to Toronto), leaving the SP Group (Singapore) more distant. This result appears to suggest a possible transmission path from Guangdong to Beijing/Hong Kong, then to other countries and regions.
Genome, Viral ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Mutation ; Open Reading Frames ; Phylogeny ; SARS Virus ; genetics

Objective To establish a new patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of human liver cancer by inoculating the complex of human primary liver cancer cells and a novel microcarrier (microcarrier 6) into mice with normal immune function. Methods Primary liver cancer cells were isolated and extracted from the fresh human liver cancer tissue of five patients and were then co-cultured with microcarrier 6 to construct a three-dimensional tumor cell culture model in vitro . According to the type of graft, 75 male C57BL/6 mice were divided into cell control group, microcarrier control group, and experimental group (each sample corresponded to three groups, with 15 groups in total and 5 mice in each group). The liver cancer cell-microcarrier complex was implanted into the mice by subcutaneous inoculation, and tumor formation time, tumor formation rate, and histopathological manifestations were observed. The Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. Results As for the liver cancer cells from the five patients, tumor formation was observed in the mice corresponding to three patients. In these three experiments, tumor formation was not observed in the control groups and was only observed in the experimental groups, and 12 of the 15 mice in the experimental groups had successful tumor formation, with a tumor formation rate as high as 80%, which was significantly different from that in the cell control groups and the microcarrier control groups (all P < 0.05). The tumor formation time was 5-7 days; the xenograft tumor grew rapidly, and HE staining showed nested or flaky cells with obvious heteromorphism, with the presence of pathological mitosis; immunohistochemical staining showed positive CK8/18, Hep, and Gpc-3, which was in accordance with the characteristics of human liver cancer cells. Conclusion This experiment successfully establishes a new PDX model of human liver cancer based on the complex of microcarrier 6 and human primary liver cancer cells in mice with normal immunity. This model can be used to better elucidate the mechanism of the development and progression of liver cancer in the body with normal immunity, and besides, it also provides a new animal model with higher value for the precise treatment of liver cancer.

Pulmonary blast injury has become the main type of trauma in modern warfare, characterized by externally mild injuries but internally severe injuries, rapid disease progression, and a high rate of early death. The injury is complicated in clinical practice, often with multiple and compound injuries. Currently, there is a lack of effective protective materials, accurate injury detection instrument and portable monitoring and transportation equipment, standardized clinical treatment guidelines in various medical centers, and evidence-based guidelines at home and abroad, resulting in a high mortality in clinlcal practice. Therefore, the Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association and the Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized military and civilian experts in related fields such as thoracic surgery and traumatic surgery to jointly develop the Clinical treatment guideline for pulmonary blast injury ( version 2023) by combining evidence for effectiveness and clinical first-line treatment experience. This guideline provided 16 recommended opinions surrounding definition, characteristics, pre-hospital diagnosis and treatment, and in-hospital treatment of pulmonary blast injury, hoping to provide a basis for the clinical treatment in hospitals at different levels.