Objective To observed the alteration of the glomerular charge-barrier (GCB) in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome(INS) and relationship between GCB and severity of proteinuria. Mothods The clearance ratios of pancreatic to salivary isoamylase(CPAM/CSAM) were detected in 21 cases with INS and 29 healthy controls by use of a selective inbibitor, then use the clearance ration to show the CCB. Results The ratio of CPAM/CSAM in the cases with massive proteinuria was mean 1. 18 (range 0.82 - l .54), in the cases with no-massive proteinuria was mean 2.06(1 .22 - 3. 14), in healthy controls was 3 .33 (l. 18 - 6.54). There was a significant difference in ratios CPAM/CSAM between three groups. As all cases with INS, the ratio was very significantly negatively correlated with 24-hour urine protein quantity, but not correlated when 24 hour proteinuria was in excess of 50 mg/kg. Conclusion GCB of the cases with INS is reduced, and of the cases with massive proteinuria almost dissappeared.

Objective To study a rapid and sensitive method for determination of virulence-associated genes in O1El Tor,O139,non-O1/non-O139Vibrio cholerae strains.Methods Five pairs of primers were designed respectively ac-cording to cholera toxin sub-unit A gene(ctxA),accessory cholera enterotoxin gene(ace),zonula occludens toxin gene(zot),toxin coregulated pilus A gene(tcpA)and toxR regulatory protein gene(toxR).Multiplex PCR(MPCR)procedures for simultaneously detecting those five genes were established.The gene information of the virulence-associated genes in the Vibrio cholerae strains was obtained through agar gel electrophoresis for products of single amplification of the MPCR.Results The five virulence-associated genes in the positive control Vibrio cholerae O139(MO45strain)could be detected and the results were correct,which could meet the designed request for the method.In the other tested strains(O1EL Tor,O139,non-O1/non-O139)could be detected1to5kinds of the virulence-associated genes.Based on the results of the variety of carried virulence-associated genes,the tested Vibrio cholerae strains could be classified as5kinds of genetypes,and the Vibrio cholerae could be distinguished between toxic and non-toxic strains.The sensitivity of the MPCR approach reached to10 2 cfu/ml.Conclusion This method is rapid,specific and sensitive,which possess great value for practical application.

AIM:To study whether albumin overload in proximal tubular epithelial cells(PTCs)induces epithelial to myofibroblast transdifferentiation(EMT).METHODS:Rat renal proximal tubular cell line NRK52E was cultured on 6 well plates.When the cells reached 70% confluens or complete confluens,cells were serum starved for 24 h.Different concentrations of delipidated bovine serum albumin(dBSA),ranging from 0-30 g/L,were then added to the cells.The media was changed every 48 h until the end of 144 h.Cell shapes were monitored by light microscope during experiment.Cell structures were detected by electron microscopy.Epithelial cell markers:E-cadherin,?-catenin,and myofibroblast marker:?-smooth muscle actin(?-SMA)were detected by immunofluorescent microscopy and Western blotting.RESULTS:dBSA overload induced the expression of ?-SMA in sub-confluent NRK52E,and a few cells elongated,but the induced expression of ?-SMA was not in a dose dependent manner.dBSA overload did not induce the expression of ?-SMA in complete confluent NRK52E,cell shape did not change either.dBSA overload did not inhibit expression of E-cadherin or ?-catenin both in sub-confluent and complete confluent NRK52E.The electron microscope showed that these cells retained epithelial phenotype,with microvilli and tight junction.CONCLUSION:Albumin overload induces PTCs expressing myofibroblast marker ?-SMA and promotes EMT.However,complete EMT does not achieve.Complete confluens(cell-cell contacts)inhibits albumin induced ?-SMA expression in PTCs.

Objective To study the effect of Astragalus and Angelica mixture on growth failure induced by dexaraethasone in rats with nephrotic syndrome (NS) . Methods Forty six-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats with a starting weight of 160 ~ 180 g were randomly divided into five groups: control group, NS model group, NS group treated with Astragalus and Angelica mixture, NS group treated with dexamethasone, and NS group treated with Astragalus and Angelica mixture and dexamethasone. Weight, length, urine protein, and serum albuine were measured. Serum and urine concentrations of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were assayed by RIA and IRMA respectively; and IGF-1 mRNA and IGFBP-3 mRNA levels in liver were assayed by RT-PCR. Results Weight gain and length gain, serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels in NS model group were significantly lower than that of the control group and urine IGF-1 levels were higher than that of the control group (P

Objective To investigate the effect and safety of long-term use of atorvastatin on carotid atherosclerosis in advanced elderly patients.Methods Totally 61 elderly patients with carotid atherosclerosis were permitted into study.They were treated with atorvastatin (20 mg/d) and followed-up for five years.The carotid atherosclerosis parameter and the serum levels of TC,TG,LDL-C,HDL-C,fasting blood glucose (FBG),ALT,AST,STB,CB,Bun,Cr and creatine kinase (CK) were measured before and 5 years after treatment.Results During fellow-up,2 patients died of severe pneumonia and 1 patient died of operation complications of intestinal obstruction,with mortality rate of 4.9％.2 patients (3.4％) gave up treatment because of muscle-related side-effect.Data was collected in 56 patients achieving study end.There was significant decrease in LDL-C (P＜0.05) and increase in HDL-C (P＜0.05),but there was no change in serum levels of TC,TG,FBG,ALT,AST,STB,CB,BUN,Cr and CK (P＜0.05) after 5 years.The total area of carotid atherosclerosis plaque was reduced [(0.63±0.41)cm2 vs.(1.07±0.67)cm2,P＜0.05] and echo of carotid atherosclerosis plaque was enhanced (2.67±0.52 vs.1.53±0.44,P＜0.01),but carotid intima-media thickness(IMT) appeared no change after five years.Conclusions Atorvastatin is safe in the treatment of advanced elderly patients,it can make carotid atherosclerosis plaque smaller and stable after long-term treatment.

Objective To study the anti-agiogenesis effect of Taohong Siwu Decoction Ⅱ(THSDⅡ)and to explore its mechanism.Methods Chicken Chorioallantoic Membrane(CAM)assay was used to study the anti-agiogenesis action of THSDⅡin vivo.MTT assay was used to investigate its effect on the proliferation of human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells ECV304 in vitro.Immunohistochemistry assay was used to observe its effects on the expression of KDR/FLK-1 in endothelial cells and the amount of micro-vessel density(MVD)in mice with B16 melanoma.Results THSDⅡ at the dosages of 1 g / mL and 2 g / mL could obviously inhibit agiogenesis in the CAM(P

OBJECTIVE To enhance reasonable usage of antibiotics and develop hospital infection management for monitoring,managing and improving of antibiotics clinical administration.METHODS Six Sigma analysis methods were used to identify key points in the quality management process.Based on these points,hospital infection management software was developed and its effects were evaluated using statistical analysis methods.RESULTS In perioperative period of Ⅰ surgical incision,the proportion of prophylactic antibiotics usage decreased significantly.The treatment time of antibiotics within 72 hours perioperative period was significantly shorten after software application.Total amount of antibiotics was significantly declined,dropped by 21.01%;Meanwhile,the administration amount of antibiotics classified in special use decreased,dropped by 21.7%.The microbial distribution,drug resistance and consumption monitoring could be understanded immediately.CONCLUSIONS The software can make us immediately know the dynamic consumption of antibiotics and trends of bacterial resistance in hospital to decrease the irrational use of antibiotics.

BACKGROUND: It is discovered by administrating different emetics to vomiting animals, like cats, that there are a large amount of Fos positive neuronal expressions in the arc region from nucleus of solitary tract, lateral tegmentum to ventrolateral area. And it has been viewed that the arc region from area postrema, nucleus of solitary tract to ventrolateral reticular structure is the main emetic region. Whether do the non-vomiting animals reflect in response or not after emetic injection?OBJECTIVE: To observe the distribution of Fos positive neurons in relevant emetic regions of brain and spinal cord in rats after abdominal injection of emetic, cisplatin.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment based on animals.SETTING: Neural Physiological Research Room of Life Science College in Hebei Normal University and Physiological Room of Basic Medicine Institute in Hebei Medical University.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Neural Physiological Research Room of Life Science College in Hebei Normal University and Physiological Room of Basic Medicine Institute in Hebei Medical University from March to August 2003. Twelve SD male rats were employed, body weighted varied from 220 to 250 g, of clean-grade. They were randomized into experimental group of 6 rats and the control of 6 rats.INTERVENTIONS: In experimental group, the emetic, cisplatin, was injected abdominally 10 mg/kg. In the control, the physiological saline of same dose was injected. Afterwards, the activity changes in rats were observed at room temperature, quiet and light-avoided environment. Six hours later, the brain tissue was collected for frozen continuous sectioning. Immunohistochemical staining method was used to observe the distribution of Fos positive neurons in brainstem and forebrain nuclei and to count positive cell.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Behavior observation in rats after emetic injection. ② Counts of Fos positive cell in relevant regions of brain in rats.RESULTS: Twelve rats all entered result analysis. ① In 20 minutes after injection, the rats in both groups were in tranquilizing state, lying prone with body curled, almost without any movement. In 60 minutes after injection, the rats in the control were recovered to normal, free of eating or drinking. The rats in experimental group were in prone-lying state with body curled. They rose up or shook the heads occasionally, and they breathed fast and uneven.In 2 hours after injection, in experimental group, the rats were still in abdominal prone tightly in the cage, with heads lowed and irregular shaking of noses. In 5 hours, the rats in experimental group began standing up and moving, with normal breathing, but they still did not eat or drink. ② Fos positive neurons in solitary tract, area postrema and lateral parabrachial nucleus and paraventricular nucleus, supraoptic nucleus and arc nucleus in hypothalamus (64.3 ±9.6, 83.4 ±15.0, 148.8 ±19.9, 80. 2 ± 11.8, 20.7 ±3.8, 86. 6 ± 10.8) were remarkably higher than those in the control(56. 2 ±6.3,73.5±9.9,136.9±17.8,66. 1±10.3,17.3±3.4,78.8±10.5).CONCLUSION: Emetics induce discomforts in internal organs of rats, due to which, there probably exist emetic regions similar to vomiting animals in central neural system. But it is probably lack of vomiting-related adjusting mechanism. Emetics irritate the increase of Fos positive neurons in relevant regions in the brain of rat, which suggests that there exist relevant neural chemical pathways similar to nausea in the brain of non-vomiting rats.

AIM:To establish the methods of determining 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-?-D-glycoside,puerain;ginsengnoside Rg_1,ginsengnoside Rb_1,notoginsengnoside R_1,and salvianolic B in Jiangzhi Jianfei Tablets(Radix Polygoni multiflori,Radix Puerariae lobatae,Radix et Rhizoma Notoginseng,Radix et Rhizoma Salviae miltiorrhizae,etc) with HPLC. METHODS: All chromatogram columns used were ODS columns.The mobile phase of acetonitrile-wate(25(∶)75) was chosen for 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-?-D-glycoside.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min.The detection wavelength was at 320 nm.The mobile phase of methanol-water(25(∶)75) was chosen for puerain.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min.The detection wavelength was at 250 nm.The mobile phase of acetonitrile-water was chosen for ginsengnoside Rg_1,ginsengnoside Rb_1 and notoginsengnoside R_1.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min.The detection wavelength was at 203 nm.The mobile phase of methanol-acetonitrile-methane acid-water(30(∶)10(∶)1(∶)59) was chosen for salvianolic B.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min.The detection wavelength was 286 nm. RESULTS: The linear rangers were 0.476 ?g-4.760 ?g(r=0.999 6) for 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-?-D-glycoside,0.168 96 ?g-1.689 6 ?g(r=0.999 8) for puerain,0.724 ?g-7.240 ?g(r=0.999 8) for ginsengnoside Rg_1,0.728 ?g-7.280 ?g(r=0.999 9) for ginsengnoside Rb_1,0.23 ?g-2.30 ?g(r=0.999 8) for notoginsengnoside R_1,0.306 ?g-3.060 ?g(r=0.999 9) for salvianolic B.Their average recoveries were 99.43%(RSD=1.08%,n=6),99.43%(RSD=1.66%,n=6),101.17%(RSD=2.08%,n=6),and 102.39%(RSD=2.60%,n=6),respectively. CONCLUSION: These methods of determining components in four kinds of herbs are simple,accurate,reproducible and can be used for quality control of Jiangzhi Jianfei Tablets.

Objective To observe the efficacy of ealcitonin and bisphosphonates on renal osteopathy of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD)patients. Methods Forty-three MHD patients were raindomly divided into two groups: A group and B group. All the patients were routinely received oral calcium carbonate 1.0 g tid and calcitriol 0.25 μg qd. Calcitonin (20U) hypodermic injection was given three times a week additionally during hemodialysis in A group. Patients in B group received bisphosphonates 70 mg once a week based on the therapy of A group. Serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (AKP), bone mass density (BMD) of lumbar spine and femoral neck, and the degree of bone ache (visual analogue scale, VAS) were assessed before the therapy and 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment. The adverse reactions were recorded during treatment. Results The levels of AKP and iPTH in both two groups decreased significantly after treatment. The above values of pre-treatment and 12 months after treatment were as follows: AKP(U/L)of A group 244.05±41.99 and 148.35±27.71,of B group 245.60±40.86 and 143.40±28.03;PTH(ng/L) of A group 697.5±119.7 and 267.4±45.9,of B group 708.2±120.3 and 277.6±41.9 (all P<0.05). While the levels of calcium and phosphorus did not change obviously during treatment (P>0.05). BMD was not improved at 3, 6 mouths and became better at 12 mouths after treatment. As compared to pre-treatment, BMD of lumbar spine(g/cm2) in A group was 1.062±0.223 vs 1.202±0.251 ,in B group 1.033±0.152 vs 1.189±0.225; BMD of femoral neck (g/cm2)in A group was 0.993±0.108 vs 1.067±0.095,in B group 0.947±0.083 vs 1.018 ±0.217 (all P<0.05). The scores of VAS also decreased significantly at 3, 6, 12 months after treatment(P<0.05). No severe adverse reaction was found during the treatment. Conclusions Utilization of calcitonin and combination with bisphosphonates during bemodialysis can effectively preserve the BMD and prevent bone loss in MHD patients and is well tolerated. No significant difference of therapeutic effect is observed between using ealcitonin or combination with bisphosphonates.