Objective To explore the role of myofibroblasts expressing α-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) in hyperplastic scar formation.Methods Expression of α-SMA in normal skin and scar was examined by means of immunohistochemistry.The contents of myofibroblasts were measured and com-pared with that of hydroxyproline through cell culture.The contents of precollagen (pc β) , transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and fibronectin in fibroblasts and myofibroblasts were assayed by ELISA.Results Vascular smooth muscle cells rather than other hypodermal cells expressed α-SMA in normal skin (P<0.01).The expression ofa-SMA was markedly increased up to 96.89% in hyperplastic scar tissues, with statistical difference compared with normal skin (P < 0.01).The contents of hydroxyproline (P <0.01) , pc (P <0.05) , TGF-β (P <0.01) and fibronectin (P <0.05) in myofibroblasts were significantly higher than those in fibroblasts.Conclusion Myofibroblasts play a key role in formation of hypertrophic scar.

Objective To research the effects of different titers of bacteriophage D29 on growth and function of airway epithelial cell 9HTE.Methods Cell viability rates was analyzed after applying high(109 PFU/mL)and low(107 PFU/mL)titers of bacteriophage D29 and phage buffer respectively by MTT colorimetry.Additionally,the secretion levels of IL-6,IL-8 in cell culture supernatant were detected by ELISA.RT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of ICAM-1 mRNA.Cell apoptosis rate was analyzed by flow cytometry.Results There was no difference in cell growth,secretion levels of IL-6,IL-8,ICAM-1 mRNA and cell apoptosis rate between cells treated with high and low titers of D29 and phage buffer(P>0.05).Conclusion Neither high nor low titer of bacteriophage D29 exerts effect on growth and function of airway epithelial cell 9HTE in vitro.

Objective To explore the application of Propensity Score Matching Methods in medical scientific research,and demonstrate the operation process of SPSS.Methods This article summarized and discussed the principle and application of PSM through the literature,a real example was adopted to introduce the operation procedures of SPSS.Results We can use PSM process to control confounding factors between the retrospective study groups effectively through SPSS.Conclusions PSM is an efficient tool to conduct retrospective study.It can provide necessary help for clinical data mining.

Objective To describe CT and MR apearance of retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma .Methods CT and MR findings ofretroperitoneal tumor in a patient with ganglioneuroma biopsy-proved were retrospectively analyzed,and a literature review was conducted. Results The mass was well-circumscribed,non-enhanced CT showed homogeneous low atenuation, and a punctate calcification was seeninside tumor.Contrast uptake was delayed.Progressive but incomplete enhancement was observed.On MRI,T_2WI showed a high signalintensity and T_1WI show a low signal intensity.Enhanced MR depicted the mild enhancment.Conclusion Retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma is a rare tumor which should nevertheless be included in differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal masses when presenting as a well-delimitedtumor with possible tendency to surroud or displace major blood vessels.Low density on non-enhanced CT,and delayed progressiveenhancement on CT and MRI.

Objective To investigate the expression changes of paxillin and focal adhesion kinase(FAK) in scar tissues at different periods.Methods The expressions of paxillin and FAK of scar tissue samples from 30 babies at age of 3-12 months were detected by means of immunohistochemistry.Results The expressions of paxillin and FAK in the scar tissues at the 3th and 6th months were increased more significantly than that in normal skin tissues.Whereas,there was no significant difference upon the expressions of paxillin and FAK in the scar tissues at the 12th week compared with normal skin tissues.Conclusion Focal adhesion varies with change of composition,structures and mechanical properties of extracellular matrix(ECM) and with different intracellular framework.Different signal transmissions of ECM,integrin and focal adhesion compound may result in different changes of cellular function.

Objective: To explore the relationship between slow coronary lfow (SCF) and characteristics of coronary lumen condition in relevant patients.
Methods: We retrospectively summarized 2117 patients who received coronary angiography (CAG) in Weifang people’s hospital from 2012-08 to 2014-04 and 2 groups of patients were enrolled in our study. SCF group, according to TIMI frame count, the patients had coronary stenosis<50%, without coronary thrombosis, expansion and dissection,n=110. Control group, the patients had normal CAG at meanwhile,n=49. The diameters of left main (dLM), left anterior descending proximal section (dLADp) and middle section (dLADm), left circumlfex (dLCXp) and dLCXm, right coronary artery (dRCAp) and dRCAm were measured; the ratios of dLADp/dLADm, dLCXp/dLCXm, dRCAp/dRCAm were compared between 2 groups.
Results: The ratios of dLADp/dLADm, dLCXp/dLCXm, dRCAp/dRCAm were similar between 2 groups,P>0.05. Compared with Control group, SCF group had increased dLM, increased dLADp and dLADm, dLCXp and dLCXm, dRCAp and dRCAm, allP<0.05. Pearson correlation analysis showed that coronary TIMI frame counts were positively related to the diameters of distal and middle sections of each vessel, the correlation coefifcients in LAD were 0.036 and 0.204, in LCX were 0.368 and 0.183, in RCA were 0.253 and 0.209, allP<0.05. Left coronary TIMI frame count was positively related to the diameter of LM, the correlation coefifcient was 0.501,P<0.05.
Conclusion: Elevated coronary TIMI frame count was related to increased vessel diameter, the expended diameter of left and right coronary arteries may promote SCF development in relevant patients.

Objective To examine the distribution and antibiotic resistance proifle of the bacterial isolates from lower respiratory tract of hospitalized patients for better empirical therapy.Methods A total of 3 155 lower respiratory tract specimens were collected from Respiratory Department of the First Afifliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University in 2013 to identify bacterial pathogens for susceptibility testing. The results were compared with the data of 2011 and 2012.Results The top three bacterial species from lower respiratory tract in the period from 2011 to 2013 wereA. baumannii,P. aeruginosa, andK. pneumoniae. The prevalence ofS. aureusincreased, while the prevalence ofS. maltophilia andS. pneumoniae was still low.A. baumannii isolates were highly resistant to antibiotics. Not more than 40% of these strains were susceptible to the antimicrobial agents except minocycline, which was active against more than 60% of the ICU and non-ICU strains. More than 70% of theP. aeruginosa strains from non-ICU were susceptible to cefepime, meropenem, imipenem, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin in the three years, 50%-70% of the strains from ICU were susceptible to the antimicrobial agents tested. Carbapenem-resistantA. baumannii andP. aeruginosa strains were identiifed.S. maltophilia strains were relatively susceptible to minocycline and levolfoxacin. All the S. aureus isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, linezolid, and tigecycline. The prevalence of MRSA increased year by
year. More than 80% of theK. pneumoniae andE. coli strains were susceptible to imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, and cefepime. ESBLs-producingK. pneumoniae was identified. More than 85% of theH. influenzae strains were susceptible to meropenem, ceftazidime, cefuroxime, ciprolfoxacin, levolfoxacin, and amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium. All theS. pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, and 80%-96% of these strains were susceptible to levofloxacin and penicillin.ConclusionsA. baumannii,P. aeruginosa, andK. pneumoniae are the top three bacterial species isolated from lower respiratory tract. Carbapenem-resistantA. baumannii,P. aeruginosa and ESBLs-producingK. pneumoniaeare emerging. The prevalence of MRSA is increasing year by year, which poses a challenge to antimicrobial therapy. It is urgent to contain and control the growing antibiotic resistance.

Objective The generation of drug resistance often leads to the failure of the bladder cancer chemotherapy.P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an ATP-dependent drug efflux pump linked to development of multidrug resistance in cancer cells.The laboratory has successfully established adriamycin-resistant human bladder cancer cell line (pumc-91/ADM) from its parental cell line (pumc-91).According to the drug resistant spectrum analysis,pumc-91/ADM cell line exhibited the characteristics of multi-drug resistance.However,the expression of P-gp in two cell lines was still unknown.In this paper,there was a comparison between pumc-91/ADM and pumc-91 about the differential expression of P-gp.Methods To determine the expression and location of P-gp in pumc-91 and pumc-91/ADM,qRT-PCR,Western blot and immunocytochemistry were applied in the experiment.qRT-PCR was implemented to research the expression of P-gp mRNA in two cell lines (pumc-91/ADM and pumc-91).Western blot was adopted to investigate the expression of P-gp protein in pumc-91 and pumc-91/ADM cell lines.Immunocytochemistry technique was used to explore the cellular location of P-gp and affirm its expression in two cell lines visually.Student's t-test was employed for statistical analysis and P ＜ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of P-gp mRNA was upregulated in drug-resistant cell line pumc-91/ADM compared to parental cell line pumc-91.To normalize for differences in the amount of total RNA,GAPDH was selected as an endogenous RNA control.Compared with pumc-91,the expression of P-gp mRNA was upregulated 7.74 fold in pumc-91/ADM (t =11.97,P ＜ 0.05).Consistent with the qRT-PCR result,Western blot confirmed the protein of P-gp expressed differentially in two cell lines.The expression of P-gp protein was significantly increased in pumc-91/ADM compared to pumc-91.According to the results,the differences between pumc-91 and pumc-91/ADM had statistical significance (t =4.35,P＜0.05).Immunocytochemical analysis results demonstrated that P-gp was not only located in cell membrane but also in cytoplasm of the two cell lines.The expression of P-gp in pumc-91/ADM increased distinctly.The difference was statistically significant (t =11.41,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with pumc-91,the expression of P-gp in pumc-91/ADM was significantly upregulated.

Objective To investigate the stress changes of intervertebral disk of degenerative scoliosis (DS) after treatment with short-segment internal fixation and fusion.Methods Based on the DS patient's CT images of the successive spinal column from T12 to superior segment of S1,assigning special material attributes to the model and forming the integrated and effective three dimensional finite element model of DS.Treated with the short-segment (one-segment and two-segment) spinal canal decompression +intervertebral bone fusion+pedicle screw internal fixation.Loading the model on the following postures:anteflexion,postextension,left lateral inclination,right lateral incliniation,left rotation and right rotation.Calculating and analyzing the stress distribution of intervertebral disk and comparing to that of the preoperative normal DS model.Results The stress of intervertebral disk after the short-segment internal fixation and fusion was increased than that of preoperation.The rotation motion affected greater to the upper intervertebral disk of fixation segment and the extension motion affected greater to the inferior intervertebral disk of fixation segment.The increase of stress of upper and inferior intervertebral disk of fixation segment treated with one-segment fixation and fusion(average was 6.03,4.58 MPa,separately) was greater than that of the two-segment fixation and fusion (average was 5.24,4.47 MPa,separately),but there was no statisticdifference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The short-segment intemal fixation can increase the intervertebral disk stress of adjacent segment fixation of DS.The effect on the stress of upper and inferior intervertebral disk of fixation segment of one-segment fixation and fusion is greater than that of two-segment fixation and fusion.And the patient should avoid the rotation and extension movements after treated with the short-segment internal fixation and fusion.

Objective To explore the difference of cognitive function and psychosocial function between remitted bipolar disorder(BPD) and remitted schizophrenia.Methods 8 neuropsychological tests (17 items)which evaluate attention,verbal learning and memory,visual memery and executive function were given to 30 remitted BPD,32 remitted schizophrenia and 34 normal controls.The differences of cognitive functions between the three groups were compared using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).Psychosocial functions of remitted BPD and remitted schizophrenia were both evaluated by Global Assessment Function (GAF),and the difference of Psychosocial functions between the two groups was also tested by MANOVA.Results1.Remitted schizophrenia showed dysfunction in neuropsychological tests except Stroop C and digit span subtest-forward compared with controis.but Remitted BPD only showed dysfunction in 9 neuropsychological items compared with controls.There was no significantly differences on WCST,digit span subtest-backward,and TMT-B between remitted BPD and remitted schizophrenia,the degree of impairment of the two groups was same.But scores from logical memory sub-test and Stroop CW of remitted schizophrenia were significantly lower than that of remitted BPD( ( 8.13 ± 3.35),( 12.11 ±3.72),(6.00 ±3.09),(9.78 ±3.60);(48.61±15.73),(69.33 ±21.04),P＜0.05).There was significant difference on scores of GAF between remitted BPD and remitted schizophrenia.Conclusion There are some overlap in cognitive impairment in remitted BPD and remitted schizophrenia,but in remitted schizophrenia the cognitive profile is characterized by generalized and severer pattern of deficits.The psychosocial function of remitted BPD is better than that of remitted schizophrenia.