OBJECTIVE:To optimize the ratio of glycerol in Chloramphenicol and Ephedrine Nasal Drops included in China's Hospitals Agents Norms.METHODS:By formula optimization and observation on clinical trials,the ratio of glycerol in Chloramphenicol and Ephedrine Nasal Drops was reduced from 300mL to 50mL.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:The Chloramphenicol and Ephedrine Nose Drops prepared in an optimized ratio of glycerol is of much less irritability,good transparency,good compliance in patients,more reliable efficacy,thus deserving to be popularized.

Objective To research the variety and the imaging features of bone tumor and tumor-like lesions in the talus.Methods The imaging features of 33 cases of tumor and tumor-like lesions in the talus were reviewed retrospectively.All cases were confirmed by operation and pathology,All of 33 cases were performed X-ray examination,23 cases were examined by CT,and 11 cases were taken by MR.Results In 33 cases,24 cases were males,9 cases were females; including 7 cases of chondroblastoma(21.2％),7 cases of giant cell tumor(21.2％)(1 case of recurrence),6 cases of osteochondroma(18.2％),2 cases of osteoid osteoma(6.1％),7 cases of adjacent joint bone cyst(21.2％,2 cases of fibrous dysplasia of bone(6.1％),1 case of bone cyst(3％),1 case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma(MFH) of bone(3％).6 cases showed pathological fractures.The X-ray and CT imaging features of chondroblastoma,giant cell tumor,adjacent joint bone cyst,fibrous dysplasia of bone,bone cyst demonstrated cystic bony destruction.The common location of chondroblastoma were the posterior of talus(57％),expanding growth slightly,margin were mild osteosclerosis.The margin were osteosclerosis irregularly and osteal ridges showed in giant cell tumor.MRI features were different on pathologic basis,isointense and hypointense signal on T1WI and hyperintense signal on T2WI usually.The osteochondroma showed osseous protuberance connecting the talus,some cases showed calcification in the cap.The imaging of MFH in the talus X-ray and CT showed ill-defined osteolytic bony destruction,soft tissue-mass,no periosteal reactions and bone formation.MRI showed isointense and hypointense signal on T1WI and isointense and hyperintense signal on T2WI.The extent of tumour invasion clearly displayed.Conclusion Tumor and tumor-like lesion in the talus were rare.But there are great varieties.The benign tumor was more common than malignant tumor.Chondroblastoma,giant cell tumor,osteochondroma,osteoid osteoma and adjacent joint bone cyst were relatively common and had some imaging features.Malignant tumor rarely happened in the talus,but it is possible.

Objective To investigate the value of X-ray and MRI in judging degree of the deltoid ligament injury after lateral malleolus fracture.Methods The data of X-ray and MRI of 41 patients with acute lateral malleolus fracture,excluding patients combined with medial malleolus fracture,were retrospectively analyzed.The medial clear space (MCS) was measured according to the mortise X-rays.The degree of injury of the superficial deltoid ligament and deep deltoid ligament was graded according to MRIs obtained from PACS (picture archiving and communication system) system.Moreover,the correlation between the width of the MCS and the degree of the deltoid ligament injury were statistically analyzed.The classification results of all patients according to the Lauge-Hansen classification based on X-rays and MRIs were recorded,respectively.Results A positive correlation was found between the width of the MCS and the degree of the deltoid ligament injury,and the optimal critical value of MCS was 7.85 mm for diagnosing complete rupture of the total deltoid ligament or the single rupture of the deep deltoid ligament,while 6.48mm for the complete rupture of the superficial deltoid ligament.Based on the MRIs,the accuracy of the results of Lauge-Hansen classification was 58.5％,and the accuracy for predicting the rupture of the deltoid ligament was 82.9％,however the degree of the deltoid ligament injury cannot be distinguished very well.Conclusion The deltoid ligament injury is common in acute lateral malleolus fracture,even though there is no medial malleolus fracture.The X-ray is still the prefenred choice for the evaluation of the ankle fracture; however the MRI is helpful in judging the degree of the deltoid ligament injury.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the marrow edema and general clinical index,quadriceps muscle area,and the meniscus grade of knee osteoarthritis(OA).Methods 72 patients were collected with knee OA in our hospital, underwent X-ray and routine MRI examination of knee, and the same X-ray and MRI were reviewed at 12 months later in different time point.The K-L grading, bone marrow edema score, meniscal grading and VAS score of each knee joint were evaluated.The t-test and Rank-sum test were used to compare the two groups of general data, Spearman was used to perform bivariate correlation analysis.Results The age and VAS score of bone marrow edema group at the initial follow-up were significantly lower than those without edema group(P<0.05),the degree of marrow edema was moderately correlated with age and VAS score, and was not significantly correlated with other indexes.12 months later, BMI and the area of quadriceps femoris in the group with marrow edema were different from those in the group without bone marrow edema(P<0.05), the degree of marrow edema was moderately correlated with age, quadriceps area and VAS.Conclusion The range of marrow edema was related to age, quadriceps area, BMI index and VAS score in MRI.The MRI measurement could reflect the progression of knee OA more than that of X-ray.It also revealed some factors related to the progression of knee OA.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for simultaneous determination of 9 components in Huichun yuzi granules. METHODS:LC-MS/MS method was adopted. The determination was performed on Shim-pack XR-ODS C18column with column temperature of 30 ℃. The sample size was 5 μL,and ion source as electrospray ion source;MRM mode was adopted. The acetonitrile-water was used as mobile phase for ferulic acid,rutin,paeonol,icariin and schisandrin(gradient elution);positive ion mode monitoring was conducted. The methanol-0.1% fomic acid water was used as mobile phase for naringin,verbascoside, amygdalin and protocatechuic acid(gradient elution);negative ion mode monitoring was conducted. RESULTS:The linear ranges of ferulic acid,rutin,paeonol,icariin,schisandrin,naringin,verbascoside,amygdalin and protocatechuic acid were 0.499 5-500, 25-1 000,0.245 9-250,5.185 1-1 000,0.981 9-1 000,0.248 1-125,2.510 4-250,10-2 500,4.999 7-1 000 ng/mL(r≥0.997 8), respectively. The limits of detection were 0.075,0.30,0.072,0.015,0.015,0.075,0.15,0.30,0.15 ng/mL,respectively;the limits of quantitation were 0.25,1.00,0.24,0.51,0.49,0.25,0.50,0.99,0.49 ng/mL,respectively. The recoveries rate were 91.39%-103.56%(RSD=1.03%-3.67%,n=6).RSDs of stability test ranged 1.4%-3.4%(n=6)within 48 h at room temperature. CONCLUSIONS:The method is rapid,sensitive and reproducible,and can be used for content determination of 9 components in Huichun yuzi granules.It can be used for quality control of Huichun yuzi granules.

Objective:To explore expression patterns of transcription factor TFAP2B in epidermal melanocytes of healthy individuals and vitiligo patients.Methods:Lesional tissues were collected from 5 patients confirmedly diagnosed with progressive vitiligo at the Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University from January 2020 to December 2022. At the same time, some discarded normal skin tissues were obtained from 5 gender- and age-matched healthy individuals after plastic surgeries. The immortalized healthy human epidermal melanocyte cell line PIG1, the vitiligo epidermal melanocyte cell line PIG3V, and primary human epidermal melanocytes, which were isolated from the discarded foreskin tissues of 3 healthy males after urological surgeries in Xijing Hospital, were cultured in vitro. Tissue immunofluorescence assay was performed to determine the expression and localization of TFAP2B and dopachrome tautomerase (DCT) in healthy skin tissues and vitiligo lesions, and cell immunofluorescence assay and Western blot analysis were conducted to determine the TFAP2B expression in human epidermal melanocytes. Comparisons between two groups were performed using t test, and correlation analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficients. Results:Tissue immunofluorescence assay showed that TFAP2B was specifically expressed in human epidermal melanocytes and localized in the nuclei. Western blot analysis showed that TFAP2B was strongly expressed in the human epidermal melanocyte cell line PIG1 and primary melanocytes, with the relative expression levels being 0.45 ± 0.05 and 0.36 ± 0.04, respectively. Tissue immunofluorescence analysis showed that the fluorescence intensity of TFAP2B (623 917.5 ± 88 784.0) was significantly and positively correlated with that of DCT (2 232 655.3 ± 588 810.4; r = 0.91, P < 0.001) in human epidermal tissues from 5 healthy controls and 5 vitiligo patients. In addition, the relative fluorescence intensity of TFAP2B in epidermal melanocytes was significantly lower in the vitiligo lesions (0.12 ± 0.05) than in the healthy skin tissues (1, t = 19.35, P < 0.001). Western blot analysis showed that the relative expression level of TFAP2B was also significantly lower in the PIG3V cells (0.62 ± 0.09) than in the PIG1 cells (1, t = 5.92, P < 0.027) . Conclusions:TFAP2B was specifically and highly expressed in human epidermal melanocytes, and its expression level was significantly and positively correlated with that of the melanocyte marker DCT. Additionally, TFAP2B was obviously lowly expressed in the epidermal melanocytes of patients with vitiligo.

Objective:To analyze risk factors for diabetes mellitus in patients with vitiligo, and to construct and validate a prediction model.Methods:A total of 110 vitiligo patients with diabetes mellitus (comorbidity group) and 4 505 vitiligo patients without diabetes mellitus (control group) were collected from the medical record database in Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University from January 2010 to October 2021, and matched for gender and age at a ratio of 1∶4 by using a propensity score method. After matching, the matched pairs were randomly divided into a training set and a test set at a ratio of 4∶1. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess demographic and clinical characteristics of patients in the training set, screen differential factors, and construct a prediction model. A five-fold cross-validation method was used for internal validation after construction of the prediction model. The discrimination (area under the curve [AUC]) , calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test) and accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value) of the prediction model were evaluated in the test set.Results:A total of 107 cases in the comorbidity group and 428 cases in the control group were successfully matched. The training set included 430 cases, and the test set included 105 cases. Based on multivariate logistic regression results, a total of 6 factors were included in the prediction model, including course of vitiligo (odds ratio [ OR] = 1.04, 95% confidence interval [ CI]: 1.02 - 1.07, P<0.001) , high-sugar/high-fat/high-salt diet ( OR = 3.19, 95% CI: 1.38 - 7.38, P = 0.007) , family history of diabetes ( OR = 23.23, 95% CI: 9.72 - 55.50, P<0.001) , metabolic comorbidities ( OR = 12.53, 95% CI: 5.60 - 28.07, P<0.001) , autoimmune comorbidities ( OR = 5.89, 95% CI: 2.52 - 13.76, P<0.001) , and acral vitiligo ( OR = 3.84, 95% CI: 1.45 - 10.19, P = 0.007) . Five-fold cross-validation results showed a good predictive performance of the prediction model, with the AUC being 0.902 (95% CI: 0.864 - 0.940) in the training set and 0.895 (95% CI: 0.815 - 0.974) in the test set. The prediction model also showed favourable discrimination (AUC =0.814, 95% CI: 0.715 - 0.913) , calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test, P = 0.068) , and accuracy (sensitivity = 0.810, 95% CI: 0.574 - 0.937; specificity = 0.786, 95% CI: 0.680 - 0.865; positive predictive value = 0.486, 95% CI: 0.317 - 0.657; negative predictive value = 0.943, 95% CI: 0.853 - 0.982) in the test set. Conclusion:A risk prediction model was constructed for diabetes mellitus in patients with vitiligo based on 6 factors (course of vitiligo, high-sugar/high-fat/high-salt diet, family history of diabetes, metabolic comorbidities, autoimmune comorbidities, and acral vitiligo) , which showed favourable discrimination, calibration and accuracy, and might provide a reference for screening the high-risk diabetic population in vitiligo patients.