According to the consensus criteria of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS),the diagnosis of APS requires the persistent presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs),indicating the critical role of aPLs in the diagnosis of APS.During the last decade,great efforts have been made to improve the laboratory detection and standardization of aPLs testing.Unfortunately,the heterogeneous nature of aPLs,lacking of standardization in aPLs test,and significant inter-laboratory variation have hampered the clinical application of aPLs test.In this commentary,the clinical application and standardization of aPLs test are focused on,and how to establish the standardization system in aPLs test in order to improve the performance of aPLs test in clinical practice are discussed.

Antiphospholipid antibodies (APLs) are important for the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS),especially for predicting the risk of thrombosis and pathological pregnancy.However,the heterogeneity of antiphospholipid antibodies,lacking of standardization and significant interlaboratory variation binder the clinical application of APLs and better understanding of APS diagnosis and treatment.Therefore,it is urgent to establish a standardize system for antiphospholipid antibodies test and to improve the performance of the test and perform well-designed clinical evaluation.

Objective To explore the clinical diagnosis and treatment of pediatric bridging bronchus deformity and brid-ging bronchus with pulmonary artery sling. Methods The clinical data of the 21 cases of diagnosed bronchial bridge deformity and bronchial bridge with pulmonary artery sling, the imaging findings of all the echocardiography, MSCT chest scan, enhanced CT and reconstructive image were retrospectively analyzed. Results In 21 cases, 10 were diagnosed as bronchial bridge only, among which three cases had other types of congenital heart disease;11 cases were diagnosed of pulmonary artery sling with pulmonary artery sling, among which 8 cases had other types of congenital heart disease;their average age of the 8 cases were all younger than 2 years old, except one case;most of them had the symptoms of recurrent respiratory tract infections and parox-ysmal dyspnea. According to Wells, bronchial bridge was divided into type I and typeⅡ;15 cases were type I, 6 cases were typeⅡ, 10 patients with bronchial bridge only were all type I, 5 cases of typeⅡwere associated with pulmonary artery sling. All of the 6 cases were diagnosed as typeⅡassociated with pulmonary artery sling. Conclusions Infants and young children with clini-cal recurrent respiratory tract infections should be considered the possibility of bronchus bridge deformity, and should be paid more attention to the possibility of pulmonary artery sling. MSCT plain chest scan, enhanced CT and airway reconstructive im-age are the important ways to diagnose the disease.

Objective To investigate the effects of Xuebijing injection on T-lymphocyte subgroups and clinical efficacy in treatment of patients with severe pneumonia.Methods 60 patients with severe pneumonia were selected into the study.The patients were randomly divided into Xuebijing group (n =30) and control group (n =30).Patients in the control group were given routine therapy.The Xuebijing group received the treatment of routine therapy combined with Xuebijing injection.The changes of T lymphocyte subgroups and clinical efficacy were compared between the two groups.Results The levels of CD3,CD4,CD4/CD8 after treatment in Xuebijing group and control group were significantly higher than those of before treatment (t =4.95,4.89,4.96,3.13,3.11,3.09,all P ＜ 0.05),those in the Xuebijing group were significantly higher than control group (t =3.89,3.56,3.78,all P ＜ 0.05).The total effective rate in the Xuebijing group was 93.3％,which was significantly higher than 76.6％ in the control group (x2 =4.55,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Xuebijing injection combined with routine western medicine is quite effective in treatment severe pneumonia.Xuebijing can improve the immune function of patients.

This study investigated the expression and prognostic value of SHP-2 in cervical cancer caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Forty-five specimens from patients with cervical cancer (stage I-III), 32 specimens from patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) (I, II) and 20 normal cervical samples from patients with hysteromyoma were collected in Department of Pathology for comparison. The expression levels of SHP-2 and IFN-β proteins were detected by using immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression level of SHP-2 was detected by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). HPVs were detected by HPV GenoArray Test. The Spearman correlation was used to compare the expression level of SHP-2 in HPV infected cervical cancer vs non-HPV infected normal cervix. The level of SHP-2 protein expression in the cancer tissues (88.8%) was significantly higher than in CIN tissues (62.5%) and normal cervixes (45%) (P<0.05 and P<0.05, respectively). The SHP-2 mRNA levels in the cancer tissues were upregulated as compared with those in the normal cervixes (P<0.05). Twenty-one (46.7%) cervical cancers, 25 (78.1%) CINs and 17 (85%) normal cervixes showed IFN-β positive staining in cytoplasm. There was statistically significant difference in the expression rate of IFN-β between cervical cancer and normal cervix (χ (2)=8.378, P<0.05) as well as between cervical cancer and CIN (χ (2)=7.695, P<0.05). HPV16/18 infections could be found in normal cervixs (15%), CINs (68.7%) and cervical cancers (84.4%). There was a correlation between HPV infection and SHP-2 expression in cervical cancer (r (s)=0.653, P<0.05). SHP-2 may be a useful prognostic and diagnostic indicator for HPV infected cervical cancer. In cervical cancers, SHP-2 mRNA and protein overexpression was associated with IFN-β lower-expression.

ObjectiveTo explore the relation of the expression of intron 9 in CD44 gene,nm23 gene and the serum levels of TGFα and TNFα to the development, metastasis and prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods The expressions of intron 9 in CD44 gene, nm23 gene, TGFα and TNFα in epithelial ovarian cancer were measured by semi -quantitative RT - PCR, immunohistochemical technique and radioimmunoassay ( RIA ). Results There was positive expression of intron 9 in CD44 gene,nm23 gene,TGFα and TNFα in 36 cases of epithelial ovarian cancer. The higher levels of nm23 gene and TGFa were obvious in early stage of ovarian cancer. ConclusionTo study the ovarian cancers biologic behavior with these multipe factors can provide theoretical basis for early diagnosis, gene therapy and predicting prognosis.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of DEK and Hpa infection in uterine cervical carcinogenisis.Methods Formalin-fixed,paraffin-embedded samples including 45 cases of squamous cell carcinomas,25 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia CINⅢ,and 20 cases of CINI-Ⅱ,10 cases of normal cervical tissues were studied using polymer detection system for immunohistochemical technique to examine the expression of DEK and Hpa.Results The positive ratios of DEK in cancer tissues,normal cervical intraepithelial lesions,normal cervical tissues positive rates were 88.9％,24.4％,10.0％,respectively.The positive ratio of expressions of DEK in cervical carcinomas was significantly higher than CIN and normal cervical tissues (x2 =38.054,P ＜0.01 ;x2 =5.774,P ＜0.05).The positive ratios of expressions of Hpa in normal cervical tissues,CIN and cervical cancers were 75.6％,24.4％ and 10.0％,respectively.The positive ratio of expressions of Hpa in cervical carcinomas was significantly higher than CIN and normal cervical tissues ( x2 =31.69,P ＜ 0.01 ; x2 =12.94,P ＜ 0.01 ).The expression of DEK and Hpa in cervical lesions was highly related in the cervical cancer tissues( r =0.617,P =0.001 ).Conclusions DEK and Hpa possibly played an important role in the development of cervical cancer.Cervical intraepithelial lesions and cervical carcinoma might be associated with changes in the expression of DEK and Hpa,and interact together to influence the development of CIN and cervical cancer.

Objective To assess the prevalence and clinicopathologic significance of the microsatellite instability(MSI),PTEN mutations and their correlations in endometrial carcinogenesis.Methods The MSI analysis was performed using five microsatellite markers in paired uterine endometrial carcinoma(UEC) and atypical endometrial hyperplasia(AH).PTEN mutations were detected by single-strand conformation polymorphism(FCR-SSCP) analysis and DNA sequencing in UEC,AH and normal epithelium(NE).Rescults There was a significant difference in the incidence of PTEN mutations among AH,UEC and NE(P<0.01).PTEN mutations changed significantly in AH-the direct precursor to UEC(P<0.01).PTEN mutations correlated significantly with the clinical stage of the UEC(P<0.05).In UEC with MSI,PTEN mutations were detected in the short coding mononucleotide repeats(A) in 2(18.2%) of the 11 carcinomas.PTEN had a substantially higher frequency of mutations in UEC with MSI compared with the frequency of mutations in UEC without MSI(P<0.05).Conclusion PTEN mutations and MSI were two of the most common genetic alterations and correlated with each other in uterine endometrioid carcinoma.PTEN mutations might be secondary to deficiencies in mismatch repair and give some explanation for the frequent presence of PTEN mutations in MSI positive UEC.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of laparotomy,transvaginal surgery,and lapaioscopic surgery in treating benign ovarian cyst.Methods We retrospectively analyzed 227 patients with benign ovarian cyst who underwent laparotomy,transvaginal surgery,or laparoscopic surgery.The duration of the operation,amount of blood loss,hospitalization time,anal exhaust time,temperature recovery time.outof-bed time,usage of analgesics,postoperative morbidity,and hospitalization cost were analyzed.Results There were significant differences in above indicators between the patients undergoing transvaginal surgery or laparoscopic surgery and those undergoing laparotomy.Conclusion Transvaginal surgery and laparoscopic surgery are minimally invasive and safe in treating benign ovarian cyst.These 3 surgical approaches have distinct advantages and disadvantages.The clinicians should choose the appropriate surgical approach for benign ovarian cyst according to the patient's condition.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of optional cesarean section on the level of plasma motilin and serum gastrin in umbilical blood and their relationship with gastroenteric symptoms of neonates. MethodsWe measured the concentrations of plasma motilin and serum gastrin in umbilical blood from neonates undergoing optional cesarean operation, emergency cesarean section and vaginal delivery by radioimmunoassay(RIA). ResultsFull-term deliveries undergoing optional cesarean section were with significant gastrointestinal symptoms. Plasma motilin and serum gastrin were significantly lower in neonates undergoing cesarean operation without birth initiate group(optional cesarean section)than that in cesarean section with birth initiate group and vaginal delivery group (P<0.05). ConclusionCesarean operation without birth initiate influences neonatal gastroenteric symptoms.Breast feeding which begins as early as possible will help to relieve those symptoms.