Objective To evaluate the serum organochlorine pesticides residues levels in breast cancer pa-tients with different estrogen receptor(ER). Methods 93 patients of breast cancer from Fengnan districtand 65 pa-tients from Tanghai county in Tangshan were selected,whose ER were detected by pathology and serum organochlo-fine pesticides (DDTs and HCHs) levels were detected and compared with gas chromatography/electron capture. Results The orders of detection rate of HCH isomer in breast cancer patients in two areas were β-HCH >δ-HCH > α-HCH >γ-HCH. The orders of detection rate of DDT isomer in breast cancer patients in two areas were PP'-DDE > PP'-DDT > OP'-DDT > PP'-DDD. The serum levels of β-HCH, PP'-DDE in breast cancer patients in two are-as were positively correlated with age (r=0.272 ,0.330 , P<0.01) or BMI (r=0.312,0.187, P <0.01, <0.05). There were statistical differences in the serum β-HCH,δ-HCH,PP'-DDE levels between the estrogen receptor posi-tive breast cancer patients and the estrogen receptor negative breast cancer patients in two areas (P<0.05 for each). Conclusion The serum organochlorine pesticides residues levels in breast cancer patients with positive es-trogen receptor are higher than that with negative estrogen receptor, implicating that breast cancer is dependent on es-trogen. The cause of breast cancer is likely due to estrogen-like effect of serum organochlorine pesticides residues.

Maximum Allowable Concentration ; Occupational Exposure

Objective To measure the nursing workload in ICU,and provide the basis for the scientific distribution of human resources and reasonable scheduling in ICU.Methods ICU patients of the First and Third People's Hospital of Zigong from July to September,2011 were selected.The TISS-28 and NAS were applied to measure the nursing workload in the ICU.The number of staff nurses on each day and on each shift was recorded.Results The total nursing workload and the per capita nursing workload for each day in a week showed no significant difference,and the per capita nursing workload of different shifts and the needs of nurse-patient ratio of different patients in ICU were significantly different.Conclusions The allocation of nursing staff should be balance for each day in a week and different shifts for each day.The configuration of the nursing human resources should be based on actual nursing workload,no only considering the species of the diseases,the disease condition,self-care ability and cooperation of the patients,but also the proficiency of nurse skills.

Objective: To establish a elution solution-liquid chromatography method for determination of p-Phenylene diamine (PPD) in workplace air. Methods: p-Phenylene diamine (PPD) in the air of workplace was collected with glass fiber filters coated with dilute sulfuric acid and extracted with an aqueous EDTA solution. The target toxicant was separated with the C₁₈ column and analyzed with UV detector, identified by retention time, and quantified by peak area. Results: The linear range of PPD in the air of workplace was 2.00~10.00 μg/ml, with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 96. The limit of detection was 0.07 μg/ml. The lower limit of quantification was 0.23 μg/ml. The minimum detectable concentration was 0.003 1 mg/m³ under 45.0 L sampling volume and 2.0 ml extraction solution volume. The within-run precision of different PPD concentrations was 0.15%~2.3% and the between-run precisions was 1.4%~2.6%; The extraction efficiencies was 91.4%~95.4%; The average collection efficiencies was 96.6%; The samples could be stored for 7 days isolation of air. The potential coexistence of m-Phenylene diamine and o-Phenylene diamine with p-Phenylene diamine (PPD) in the air did not interfere with the results of determination. Conclusion This method has high sensitivity, precision, accuracy and lower limit of detection and it is applicable for determination of p-Phenylene diamine (PPD) in workplace air.

Objective: To study the effect of p-phenylenediamine (PPD) on liver and kidney function in occupational exposed workers. Methods: Workers in a hair dye production enterprise which used p-phenylenediamine as a raw material for production were selected as the main research population. Then we conducted a questionnaire survey on the basic conditions of workers and conducted occupational health checkups on general health status, liver and kidney function. Occupational health examination assessment results were tested in Taizhou Cancer Hospital. All data was built using EpiData 3.1 software, and statistical analysis was performed using software SPSS 20.0. Results: The liver function indicators including direct bilirubin, prealbumin, total protein, and white protein, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase, glutamyl transpeptidase, and total bilirubin in the workers exposed to high concentration of PPD were at high normal values, and these indicators were significantly different from low PPD concentration group (P<0.05) . The serum creatinine and serum uric acid in the renal function index were significantly higher in workers exposed to PPD than in workers exposed to low concentrations and in the control group (P<0.05) . Conclusion Occupational exposed to PPD may have a hazard to the workers’ liver and kidney function. Long-term occupational exposure to PPD may lead to increased cumulative exposure of workers, which may cause potential chronic liver and kidney damage in occupationally exposed populations.