Objective To compare the efficacy of pressure-controlled ventilation and volume-controlled ventilation in children undergoing laparoscopic surgery.Methods Thirty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ children of both sexes,aged 12-36 months,weighing 9-15 kg,scheduled for laparoscopic surgery,were randomly divided into two groups (n =15 each):pressure-controlled ventilation group (group P) and volume-controlled ventilation group (group Ⅴ).After anesthesia was induced with propofol 2-4 mg/kg,vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg and fentanyl 2 μg/kg,the children received endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation.The maximum inspiratory pressure was adjusted to make the tidal volume (VT) achieve 12 ml/kg in group P and the VT was set at 12 ml/kg in group V.The end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide (PET CO2) was controlled at 35-45 mm Hg.The mean arterial blood pressure (MAP),heart rate (HR),arterial carbpn dioxide tension (PaCO2),PETCO2,minute ventilation and peak airway pressure were recorded immediately after intubation (T0),immediately before skin incision (T1),after 30 minutes of pneumoperitoneum (T2) and 15 minutes after the end of pneumoperitoneum (T3).Arterial blood samples were taken at the same time points mentioned above for blood gas analysis.Dynamic lung compliance and the ratio of the physiological dead space to the tidal volume were calculated.Results Compared with group Ⅴ,PaCO2 and PET CO2 were significantly decreased and dynamic lung compliance was significantly increased at T1-2,and minute ventilation and peak airway pressure were significantly decreased at T0-3 in group P (P ＜ 0.01).There was no significant difference in MAP,HR and the ratio of the physiological dead space to the tidal volume between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with volume-controlled ventilation,pressure-controlled ventilation can better improve the ventilatory efficacy,is more beneficial to gas exchange and reduces the influence of pneumoperitoneum on respiratory function in children undergoing laparoscopic surgery.

Objective To compare the efficacy of pressure-controlled ventilation and volume-controlled ventilation in children undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Methods Thirty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ children of both sexes,aged 12-36 months, weighing 9-15 kg, scheduled for laparoscopic surgery, were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 15 each): pressure-controlled ventilation group (group P) and volume-controlled ventilation group (group V) . Anesthesia was induced with propofol 2-4 mg/kg, vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg and fentanyl 2 μg/kg. The children were tracheal intubated and mechanically ventilated. The maximum inspiratory pressure was adjusted to make the tidal volume (VT ) achieve 12 ml/kg in group P and the VT was set at 12 ml/kg in group V. PETCO2 was maintained at 35-45 mm Hg. MAP, HR, PETCO2 , minute ventilation and peak airway pressure were recorded immediately after intubation (T0 ) , immediately before skin incision (T1 ) , 30 min of pneumoperitoneum (T2 ) and 15 min after the end of pneumoperitoneum (T3 ) . Arterial blood samples were taken at the same time points mentioned above for blood gas analysis. Dynamic lung compliance and physiological dead space to tidal volume ratio were calculated.Results Compared with group V, PaCO2 and PETCO2 were significantly decreased and dynamic lung compliance was significantly increased at T1,2 , and minute ventilation and peak airway pressure were significantly decreased at T0-3 in group P ( P < 0.01) . There was no significant difference in MAP, HR and physiological dead space to tidal volume ratio between the two groups ( P > 0.05) . Conclusion Compared with volume-controlled ventilation, pressure-controlled ventilation can better improve the ventilatory efficacy, is more beneficial to gas exchange and reduces the influence of pneumoperitoneum on respiratory function in children undergoing laparoscopic surgery.

Objective:To evaluate the advantages of cortical perichondrium retention of costal cartilage in tip plasty.Methods:A total of 618 female cases were retrospectively analyzed from July 2017 to July 2018 in Zhengzhou Meilai Medical Beauty Hospital that underwent comprehensive line of rib cartilage rhinoplasty for beauty, aged 18-52 years with mean 27±6 years. According to different modification graft used in plasty, the cases were divided into reserve costal perichondrium cortex group (experimental group) and simple rib cartilage cortex group (control group). Statistical analyses were carried out 1 month and 12 months after operation. The tip displacement visualization was compared between the two groups and the advantages and disadvantages were evaluated in both.Results:After the surgery of the 618 patients, the rate of displacement in the experimental group was 3.6%, and that in the control group was 7.9% (χ 2=4.95, P<0.05). The rate of the implant exposure in the experimental group was 4.7%, and that in the control group was 9.1% (χ 2=4.38, P<0.05). The reserve costal perichondrium cortex used in the nasoplasty kept the prominent and stable nasal tip after the operation, and longterm follow-up showed there were no displacement and deformation occured in the patients. Conclusions:The application of costal cartilaginous cortex retaining costal perichondrium in tip plasty can obtain good nasal tip protrusion and stable rotation. It is an ideal nasal tip shaping material and worthy of clinical application.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of remodeling the dense dermal fiber structure in the suprapical region on the correction of nasal hypertrophy.Methods:A retrospective analysis was carried out in beauty-seeking patients who underwent comprehensive costal cartilage rhinoplasty with nasal hypertrophy in our hospital from September 2016 to February 2018. The technique of horizontal scratch reconstruction and deep dermal suture fixation at the tip of the nose was used to fix the dense fibrous dermal fiber structure in the suprapical area. Photos were followed up 12 months after the operation to observe whether the suprapical area had arch and upward displacement of the nasal tip.Results:All patients healed primarily, and the patients were satisfied with the effects. Follow-up results showed that only one female patient showed upshift of nasal tip after surgery among the 57 patients with hypertrophy of nasal tip for beauty. The remaining 56 patients had no upward movement of the nose tip and arching of the upper turning area.Conclusions:By reshaping the dense dermal fiber structure of the suprapical area, the suprapical area of the patients who seek beauty after the operation will have a natural transition, beautiful shape and stable nasal structure.