OBJECTIVE:To probe into the economic reasons accountable for government's failure in compulsive drug pricing and put forward the countermeasure on how to strengthen the effect of compulsive pricing of the government.METHODS:Economic model was applied in the deduction and demonstration.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Government's failure in setting compulsive drug prices is rooted from the imperfect pricing system.To strengthen the effect of governmental drug pricing,it is necessary to establish some supporting measures such as to tighten control on drug recommenders,shift from governmental compulsive pricing to governmental authorization to avoid excessive competition,and give reasonable compensations for special drug manufacturers etc.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the reasons of false drug advertisement,and to suggest the countermeasures against it.METHODS:The reasons of false drug advertisement were analyzed by using the knowledge of law,governmental admin?istration and economy.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The countermeasures against false drug advertisement were suggested.Firstly,the regulations on defining false drug advertisement should be improved.The legal responsibilities should be specified and the punishment on the violators should be more severe.Secondly,the government should strengthen the law enforcement,and establish the credibility system and regulation for claim.Thirdly,the pharmaceutical enterprises should be self-disci?plined,and improve their professional credibility.Fourthly,the governmental departments of business administration should take a strict control on awarding advertisement license to the media.Last but not the least,the consumers should improve their common medical knowledge.

Objective To investigate the adverse effect of chronic fluorosis on the testicular structure of rats testis and the antagonism of taurine-zinc. Methods 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (6 in each) and treated with fluoride and taurine-zinc through drinking water: control, low fluorine (LF, 100 mg NaF/L), high fluorine (HF, 200 mg NaF/L), low fluorine plus Zn(LF+Zn), high fluorine plus Zn (HF+Zn). After 5 months of fluoride treated, the rats in LF+Zn and HF+Zn groups were given taurine-zinc (0.34 g/L) by added in the drinking water for another month. Six months later, the testicle structure in all groups was examined under the microscope. Results In LF group, the loosened testicular gland and interstitial edema were seen. In HF group, primary spermatocyte became smaller and sperm head disappeared. However, in LF+Zn and HF+Zn groups there were no so significant damages, the changes were similar to normal testis. Conclusion Chronic fluorosis can cause testis damage and taurine-zinc presents a obvious antagonism in rats.

Objective To explore the total anti-oxidation capacity(T-AOC), superoxide dismutase(SOD), nitric oxide synthase(NOS) and nitric oxide(NO) in testis homogenate of the rats’ with chronic fluorosis induced by drinking NaF solutions with different concentration. Methods 24 male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups (8 rats per group) including control group, low-fluoride(LF) group, high-fluoride(HF) group, which were exposed to fluoride by means of freely drinking tap water containing NaF with 0, 100 and 200 mg/L respectively for 20 weeks. T-AOC, NOS activities and SOD activity of the testis tissue were determined by colorimetry , xanthine oxidase method and nitrate reductase method respectively. Results Compared with the control group, the T-AOC of the testis tissue increased significantly in LF group and decreased significantly in HF group. SOD activity of the testis tissue showed on significant difference among the control group, LF group and HF group . Compared with the control group, the levels of NOS and NO decreased significantly in LF group and increased significantly in HF group. Conclusion The T-AOC of the testis tissue exposed to low level of fluoride presents a compensatory increase induced by the inhibited activity of NOS and synthesis of NO. Higher level of fluoride may increase reactive oxygen species(ROS), and cause abnormal expression of induce nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) and increased synthesis of NO in the testis tissue.

Objective: To study pharmacokinetics of lidocaine during superior laryngeal nerve block (SLNB) combined with topical anesthesia to endotracheal mucosa by thyrocricocentesis(TCC). Method: Eight patients (ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ grade)scheduled for general anesthesia and operation were performed bilateral SLNB with 2% lidocaine 2mg/kg and TCC with 5 % lidocaine 2mg/kg within 1 min,The internal jugular venous blood samples were taken at 1,5,10,20,30, 60,120 and 180 minutes after lidocaine administrations to determine lidocaine serum concentrations using a fluoresence polarization immunoassy. Pharmacokinetics were calculated with a procedure (3p87) by computer. Result: The pharmacokinetics could be described as two-compartment model. Absorption rates of lidocaine were fast,values of t_(1/2) Ka and Tpeak were 5.0?2.5 min and 7.5?2.1 min respectively。Maximal concentrations (Cmax) of lidocaine were 3.8?0. 6?g/ml, which were within safety ranges. Conclusion: It may be safe that 2% lidccaine 2mg/kg superior laryngeal nerve block is combined with 5% lidocaine 2mg/kg topical anesthesia to endotracheal mucosa by thyrocricocentesis.

Objective To explore the efficacy of closed reduction with cannlated compression screws for the treatment of elderly paitents with intertrochanteric fracture.Methods From April 2002 to July 2006,guided by a C-arm X-ray system,58 elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture were treated by closed reduction with cannlated compression screws.Results The mean operation time was 55 minutes(40 to 70 minutes),and the mean blood loss was 35 ml(30 to 40).The patients were discharged from hospital in 3 to 10 days after the operation(mean,6.5 days).All of the 58 patients were cured.According to criteria for evaluating the outcomes of intertrochantenic fracture,28 cases were excellent,25 were good,3 were fair,and 2 were poor.The Rate of excellent and good outcomes was 91.4%(53/58).Conclusion Closed reduction with cannlated compression screws is effective for elderly paitents with intertrochanteric fracture.

As a special service,blood donation has special requirements for the ethics of blood donors,which is different from the professional ethics of ordinary employees or the social ethics of the general public.The present ethical status of blood donors calls for a new way of effectively cultivating the ethics of blood donors.

Early lymph node metastasis is a common clinical phenomenon in many human cancers, which is associated with both aggressive disease and poor prognosis. Clearly, treatments to specifically block dissemination through the lymphatic network would be desirable either as independent therapies or as adjuncts to existing chemotherapy. At the present stage the target vessels for invasion by lymph-metastasizing tumor cells include preexisting tissue lymphatics abutting the tumor mass through either coincidence or mutual chemoattraction, as well as new lymphatic vessels that proliferate either within or around the tumor as a result of lymphangiogenesis. The lymphangiogenesis is regulated primarily by the lymphangiogenic growth factors VEGF-C and VEGF-D generated by tumor cells or host cells including tissue macrophages. Nevertheless, it remains controversial as to whether this metastasis-enhancing effect simply results from an increase of the number of target vessels due to mitogenesis or from other properties of the newly dividing tumor lymphatics.

Objective To investigate the fetal haemolytic status when IgG antibody's efficiency of pregnant women was ≥1∶512 in blood group incompatibility. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 6 pregnant women whose IgG antibody's efficiency were more than 1∶512 in blood group incompatibility. The levels of bilirubin, IgG antibody's efficiency and blood type in amniotic fluid from amniocentesis were examined. Umbilical blood bilirubin, blood type analysis and Coombs test of newborns were performed. Results Serum IgG antibody's efficiency of pregnant women did not correlate with the severity of haemolytic disease of newborn. Conclusions Fetal haemolytic disease can not be diagnosed only by serum IgG antibody's efficiency of pregnant women.

Objective:To observe the theraputic effect and changes of glomerular extracellular matrix components(ECM) and PAI-1 and their relationships after cure with methyl-prednisone on immune complexes nephritis rats.Methods:Immune complexes nephritis rats model were induced with C-BSA.Levels of FN,LN in different treatment groups were analyzed by ELISA, level of PAI-1 in rats renal tissue was determined by color developing substrate,was theraputic effect of methyl-prednisone with 24 hours volumes of urine protein.Results:The levels of PAI-1,FN and LN of model groups were significantly higher than those of normal and control groups,and PAI-1 was significantly correlated with LN and FN,Glomerular mesangial matrix proliferated slightly and moderately;The levels of FN,LN and PAI-1 decreased signifcantly and glomerular mesangial matrix proliferation lessen differently after cure of methyl-prednisone for 1 and 2 weeks,but not reaching the level of normal groups;24 hours volumes of urine protein decrease significantly in treatment groups.Conclusion:The ECM accumulation correlate with PAI-1 increase in immune complexes rats,methyl-prednisone may affect ECM accumulation by interfering with PA/PAI-1 system to reach a treatment purpose.