Objective To explore more effective methods in vaginal tightening surgery for vaginal relaxation treatment. Methods 132 cases of patients who suffered the decline in quality of sex life owing to vaginal relaxation, requiring improved vaginal tightening surgery. The vaginal surgery was performed to repair the muscles and fascia of the anterior and posterior walls effectively, meanwhile the perineal laceration was also repaired. According to the hammock theory of the treatment of urethral disruption, patients with urinary incontinence with tension was treated to strengthen one suture needle on muscle fascia in the middle of urethra, when repairing anterior of vagina. For patients with constipation, the posterior of vagina was repaired to strengthen 3 suture needles on levator ani during repairing the anterior and posterior wall, so that the vaginal mucosa could get maximum protection. Results 118 patients had been followed up for 2-7 years. A questionnaire survey was conducted about four elements targeted on improving sexual satisfaction, tension incontinence, constipation and vaginal discharge. The clinical results were satisfactory. Conclusions The surgical design is professional and highly effective, and the patients are satisfied with the results. It is suitable for experienced specialists to perform the procedures.

Objective To study the effect of emodin on biochemical indicators of drug‐induced intrahepatic cholestasis model and the interstitial cells of cajal (ICC) in bile duct and to explore the role of ICC and emodin in intrahepatic cholestasis .Methods Fif‐teen rats were randomly divided into drug‐induced intrahepatic cholestasis group ,emodin intervention group and control group(n=5) .Rat cholestatic hepatitis model and emodin intervention model were established .RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect liver function ,c‐kit mRNA and protein expression levels in drug‐induced intrahepatic cholestasis group ,emodin interven‐tion group and control group .Results The degree of liver dysfunction and bilirubin level in drug‐induced intrahepatic cholestasis group were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0 .05);the above indicators in emodin intervention group were sig‐nificantly higher than those in control group but lower than those in drug‐induced intrahepatic cholestasis group(P<0 .05) .The c‐kit mRNA expression located at 548 bp was observed in control group ,emodin intervention group and drug‐induced intrahepatic cholestasis group .Relative expression level of c‐kit mRNA in drug‐induced intrahepatic cholestasis group was significantly lower than that in emodin intervention group and control group (P<0 .05) .Meanwhile ,there was no significant difference in relative ex‐pression level of c‐kit mRNA between emodin intervention group and control group (P>0 .05) .Immunohistochemistry results indi‐cated that expression of c‐kit in drug‐induced intrahepatic cholestasis group was significantly lower than those in control group and emodin intervention group(P<0 .05) .Conclusion There may be close relationship between the forming process of drug‐induced in‐trahepatic cholestasis and decrease of ICC in bile duct .The therapeutic effect of emodin on intrahepatic cholestasis may be related with the number of ICC in bile duct or the positive effect on ICC.

This paper summarizes the features of web sites that would be useful to infectious diseases physicians by exploring the Internet through search engine including Google,Baidu and Yahoo.Meanwhile,suggestions from professional forums,web sites and publications are also taken into consideration.Nine Comprehensive sites containing three categories and more of microbial pathogens,nine special sites for parasites,four special sites for fungi,two special sites for viruses and two special sites for bacteria are collected.Subjective navigation for each site is given.Features of these sites,including laboratory images,clinical images and number of images are also described.

Objective To investigate the expressions of thymidylate synthase (TS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette superfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) in advanced gastric cancer (GC) and to explore their correlation with clinical pathological features.Methods A total of 80surgical specimens of advanced gastric cancer patients were collected.The expressions of TS and ABCG2 in gastric cancer tissues and adjacent normal gastric tissues were detected by immunohistochemical method.The expression of P-glycoprotein in gastric cancer tissues was also examined.The correlations between TS,ABCG2 and clinical pathological features and P-glycoprotein were analyzed.Chi-square test was performed for two groups comparison and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used for multi-groups comparison.Results The positive rates of both TS and ABCG2 in gastric cancer tissues [85.0％ (68/80) and 90.0％ (72/80)] were higher than those of adjacent normal gastric tissues [62.5 ％ (50/80) and 78.7 ％ (63/80)],the differences were statistically significant (x2 =11.466 and 16.463,P=0.009 and 0.001).There were close correlation between the expression of TS,ABCG2 and tumor TNM stage,differentiation status,invasion depth (TS:x2 =30.686,61.470 and 40.545 ; ABCG2:x2=48.192,63.150 and 47.512; all P＜0.01).The later the tumor staged,the worse the cells differentiated and the deeper the tumor invaded,the higher level they expressed.Both TS and ABCG2expressions in gastric cancer tissues were correlated with the expression level of P glycoprotein (x2 =43.977and 29.509,both P＜0.01).Conclusion TS and ABCG2 may be potential indexes to predict the degree of malignancy,progression,drug resistance and prognosis in gastric cancer.

Objective To fully understand the medicinal plants of Fritillaria L. , the physicochemical properties of starch in two species of Fritillaria L. , F. thunbergii and F. ussurensis. were investigated by means of various analytical methods. Methods The properties of starch in the two different species of Fritillaria L. were compared by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and themogravimetric analysis (TGA). Results The crystal type of starch in the two species of Fritillaria L.was the characteristic B-type which was in consistent with that of potato starch. The degrees of crystallinity of F. thunbergii starch and F. ussurensis starch were about 29.9% and 20.1%, respectively. However,the degree of crystallinity of the potato starch was 44.9%. From the crystallinity degree of the starch in two species of Fritillaria L. , it could be concluded that the content of amylose in F. ussurensis starch was higher than that in F. thunbergii starch. The granule size of the starch in two species of Fritillaria L.ranged from 5 to 40 μm, which were all smaller than that of the potato. The starch granule in two species of Fritillaria L. was in cycloidal or elliptic-shape. It could be concluded that the thermal stability of the starch in two species of Fritillaria L. was different due to the different structures of different starch in various plants by TGA. Conclusion The physicochemical properties of starch in two different species of Fritillaria L. differ a lot due to their geographical origin.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM: To investigate the seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies to human adenovirus type 5 (AdHu5) , human adenovirus type 26 (AdHu26) and chimpanzee adenovirus type 68 (AdC68) in the patients with chro-nic hepatitis B ( CHB) and the patients with primary liver cancer ( PLC) , and to provide guidance for developing safe and effective biotherapy vectors against CHB and PLC.METHODS:The blood samples from 196 patients with CHB and 193 patients with PLC were examined to assess the presence of neutralizing antibodies against AdHu5, AdHu26 and AdC68 by adenovirus neutralization assays.RESULTS:The seroprevalence rates of neutralizing antibodies to AdHu5, AdHu26 and AdC68 in the CHB patients were 84.7%, 58.2%and 39.8%, respectively.Among the patients with PLC, the prevalence rates of neutralizing antibodies were as follows:AdHu5, 75.1%;AdHu26, 66.8%;AdC68, 32.1%.CONCLUSION:The prevalence rates and titers of neutralizing antibodies against AdC68 were the lowest among the 3 adenoviruses.There-fore, AdC68 serves as more suitable biological therapy vectors for CHB and PLC than AdHu5 and AdHu26.

Objective To study the expressions of apoptotic protease activating factor-1(Apaf-1)and astrocyte elevated gene-1(AEG-1)in colonic carcinoma,and to explore their correlations with the clinical path-ological features. Methods The expressions of Apaf-1 and AEG-1 were detected in 63 colonic carcinoma sam-ples and 30 normal colonic mucosa adjacent to tumor nest by immunohistochemical method,and their correla-tions with clinical features of colonic carcinoma were analyzed. Results The positive expressions of Apaf-1 and AEG-1 in colonic carcinoma were 23. 81%(15 / 63)and 68. 25%(43 / 63),respectively. The positive expre-ssions of Apaf-1 and AEG-1 in normal colonic mucosa were 76. 67%(23 / 30)and 26. 67%(8 / 30),respec-tively. The positive expression rate of AEG-1 was significantly higher in colonic carcinoma than that in normal tissue(χ2 = 14. 192,P = 0. 000). However,the expression of Apaf-1 was signi-ficantly lower in colonic carci-noma than that in normal tissue(χ2 = 23. 497,P = 0. 000). The expression of Apaf-1 was negatively correlated to the expression of AEG-1(r = - 0. 339,P = 0. 007). The expressions of AEG-1 and Apaf-1 were associated with differentiation degree(χ2 = 4. 643,P = 0. 031;χ2 = 12. 034,P = 0. 001)and clinical stage(χ2 = 6. 628, P = 0. 010;χ2 = 8. 246,P = 0. 004),but they were not correlated with age(χ2 = 1. 462,P = 0. 227;χ2 =2. 401,P = 0. 121)and tumor size(χ2 = 0. 333,P = 0. 564;χ2 = 0. 590,P = 0. 442). Conclusion The expression of AEG-1 is up-regulated in colonic carcinoma,but the expression of Apaf-1 is down-regulated,with a significant negative correlation. Apaf-1 and AEG-1 may be closely related to the occurrence and development of colon carcinoma. Therefore,combination detection of Apaf-1 and AEG-1 may be more valuable for the prog-nosis evaluation of colonic carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the expression levels and clinical significances of ubiquitin-like with PHD and ring finger domains 1 (UHRF1) and P53 in colon carcinoma.Methods The expressions of UHRF1 and P53 in 70 colon cancer tissues and 30 normal colon ones were detected by means of immunohistochemistry to analyze the correlation of these two proteins in the occurrence and development of colon carcinoma,and the relationship between their expressions and clinico-pathological factors as well as prognosis was discussed.Results The expression levels of UHRF1 and P53 in cancer tissues were significantly higher than those of cancer-adjacent tissues (87.1％ vs.56.7％,x2 =11.366,P =0.001;64.3％ vs.6.7％,x2 =27.988,P =0.000) and showed a positive correlation between the two proteins (r =0.248,P =0.038).Both UHRF1 and P53 were associated with TNM stages (x2 =4.426,P =0.049;x2 =6.000,P =0.016) and the depth of invasion (x2 =12.553,P =0.002;x2 =4.904,P =0.036).However,they were irrelevant with the age (x2 =0.473,P=0.494;x2 =0.090,P=0.799) and gender (x2 =2.297,P=0.166;x2 =0.512,P=0.617) of patients,as well as the size (x2 =0.638,P =0.481;x2 =2.392,P =0.215) and histological grading of tumors (x2 =2.088,P =0.352;0.303,P =0.859).Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the median survival time of patients with UHRF1,P53 positive expression was 21.83 months that was lower than patients with UHRF1 positive expression of 24.49 months (Z =-0.624,P =0.533).Both former of which was distinctly lower than that of negative ones of 37.33 months (Z =-2.856,P =0.004;Z =-2.694,P =0.007).Conclusion Both UHRF1 and P53 are highly expressed in colon cancer tissues,which imply that UHRF1 and P53 may be strongly related with colon cancer development and can be a predictor for colon cancer prognosis.

Objective To analyze predictive factors on survival in patients with completely resected high-risk Ⅱ/Ⅲ stage colorectal cancer after adjuvant chemotherapy.Methods According to random number table, 76 cases with completely resected high-risk Ⅱ/Ⅲ stage colorectal cancer after adjuvant chemotherapy were selected, who newly diagnosed and hospitalized in 2004. Their disease-free and overall survivals were followed up.Thymidylate synthase gene polymorphism and microsatellite instability were tested in these cases with microdissection combined with polymerase chain reaction and capillary electrophoresis. Correlation of these factors including clinical characteristics, thymidylate synthase gene polymorphism and microsatellite instability to survival was analyzed with SPSS13.0 software. Results Histologic grades and evaluated lymph node number had significantly difference between two groups of distinct prognosis (χ2 = 7.827, P =0.003 and χ2 = 9.265, P =0.018, respectively), which were also independent predictors on survival proved by COX regression analysis (χ2 = 40.472, P =0.000 and χ2 = 39.528, P =0.000, respectively).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the median disease-free and overall survival of poor-differentiated adenocarcinoma patients were significantly shorter than those of high and intermediate-differentiated ones (27.67 vs 61.13months, χ2 = 45.015, P =0.000 and 43.13 vs 64.21 months, χ2 = 35.514, P =0.000, respectively), as well, the median disease-free and overall survival of patients with the evaluated lymph node number less than 11 were poorer than those of more than 11 ( 45.65 vs 68.47 months, χ2 = 23.134, P =0.011 and 53.10 vs 70.18months, χ2 = 22.896, P =0.013, respectively).Conclusion Poor-differentiated adenocarcinoma and evaluated lymph node number less than 11 may be predictors on poor survival in patients with completely resected highrisk Ⅱ/Ⅲ stage colorectal cancer after adjuvant chemotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: Chengde is a city with many corneal blindness patients In north China. Lacking of corneas donation is the main reason which prevents corneal transplantation. Survey was made by questionnaire in Chengde to evaluate the current situation and the influential factors of corneal donation.METHODS: Survey was made in 3 200 Chengde residents aged 18 years or older, includes outpatients and inpatients of ophthalmology, some undergraduate students and people met accidentally in park, supermarket, station and centre for elders.48.6% are male and 51.4% are female. Self-made questionnaire includes general state, questions about cornea donation and factors influencing cornea donation.RESULTS: Among 3 200 questionnaires, 2 971 were valid. The effective rate was 92.84%. Over 50% people support donating cornea. More than 40% people intend to donate their corneas and support their relatives to donate. Among the factors for not intending to donate cornea, lacking knowledge of cornea donation was the main reason accounting for 42.81%, and worrying about the misusage of donating cornea without corresponding law became the second factor, which accounting for 21.07%. It has no influence on the consciousness of cornea donation by the difference of sex and location between city and countryside.Whereasfession and level of education indeed influence the consciousness of cornea donation, which of the people from 18 to 40 years old was greater than those of over 40, medical workers was greater than those from other fields, the people graduating from secondary specialized school or higher was greater than those graduating under secondary specialized school.CONCLUSION: People in Chengde have a positive attitude towards cornea donation. It is very necessary to enhance the education of cornea donation, establish an easy and smooth way for donation may promote cornea donating. Consummate legislation is also needed for cornea donation.