Objective To fully understand the medicinal plants of Fritillaria L.,the physicochemical properties of starch in two species of Fritillaria L.,F.thunbergii and F.ussurensis.were investigated by means of various analytical methods.Methods The properties of starch in the two different species of Fritillaria L.were compared by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscope(SEM) and themogravimetric analysis(TGA).Results The crystal type of starch in the two species of Fritillaria L.was the characteristic B-type which was in consistent with that of potato starch.The degrees of crystallinity of F.thunbergii starch and F.ussurensis starch were about 29.9% and 20.1%,respectively.However,the degree of crystallinity of the potato starch was 44.9%.From the crystallinity degree of the starch in two species of Fritillaria L.,it could be concluded that the content of amylose in F.ussurensis starch was higher than that in F.thunbergii starch.The granule size of the starch in two species of Fritillaria L.ranged from 5 to 40 ?m,which were all smaller than that of the potato.The starch granule in two species of Fritillaria L.was in cycloidal or elliptic-shape.It could be concluded that the thermal stability of the starch in two species of Fritillaria L.was different due to the different structures of different starch in various plants by TGA.Conclusion The physicochemical properties of starch in two different species of Fritillaria L.differ a lot due to their geographical origin.

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Objective To fully understand the medicinal plants of Fritillaria L. , the physicochemical properties of starch in two species of Fritillaria L. , F. thunbergii and F. ussurensis. were investigated by means of various analytical methods. Methods The properties of starch in the two different species of Fritillaria L. were compared by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and themogravimetric analysis (TGA). Results The crystal type of starch in the two species of Fritillaria L.was the characteristic B-type which was in consistent with that of potato starch. The degrees of crystallinity of F. thunbergii starch and F. ussurensis starch were about 29.9% and 20.1%, respectively. However,the degree of crystallinity of the potato starch was 44.9%. From the crystallinity degree of the starch in two species of Fritillaria L. , it could be concluded that the content of amylose in F. ussurensis starch was higher than that in F. thunbergii starch. The granule size of the starch in two species of Fritillaria L.ranged from 5 to 40 μm, which were all smaller than that of the potato. The starch granule in two species of Fritillaria L. was in cycloidal or elliptic-shape. It could be concluded that the thermal stability of the starch in two species of Fritillaria L. was different due to the different structures of different starch in various plants by TGA. Conclusion The physicochemical properties of starch in two different species of Fritillaria L. differ a lot due to their geographical origin.

Objective To study the relationship between nitric oxide within cervical microenvironment and different HPV types as well as the effect of sodium nitroprusside( SNP), a nitric oxide donor, on the proliferation and apoptosis of cervical cancer cell lines. Methods HPV typing test was assessed from 115 women by using high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) 21 typing test and the release of cervical nitric oxide(NO) was assessed as nitrate, nitrite in cervical fluid. Cervical NO was then compared between women showing different HPV types. Proliferation of Caski and HeLa cervical cells was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry after 24 hours treated by different final concentration of SNP (0. 125,0. 25,0. 5,1.0 and 2. 0 mmol/L, respectively). The expressions of HPV E6,E7 gene mRNA and p53 protein were detected by SYBR Green Ⅰ quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. Results ( 1 ) The cervical NO release of women with HR-HPV was higher compared to that in HPV negative women [ (47. 6 ± 1.4) μmol/L vs ( 22. 8 ± 0. 3 ) μmol/L; P ＜ 0. 05 ]; but there was no statistical difference between low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) group [ (24. 1 ± 1.2 ) μmol/L] and control group (P ＞0. 05 ). (2)After 24 hours treated by different final concentration of SNP, the results shown that SNP could inhibited the proliferation and increased apoptosis rate in Caski and HeLa cells, in which the concentration of SNP ≥ 1.0 mmol/L , there were significantly different ( P ＜ 0. 05 ), while when SNP ≥2. 0mmol/L, the proliferation of cells inhibited seriously. Treated by SNP ( 1.0 mmol/L ) 24 hours, the expressions of HPV18 E6, E7 mRNA in HeLa cells were reduced from 27. 362 ±0. 191,22. 962 ±0. 053 to19. 181 ±0. 360, 17. 571 ±0. 010 and the protein expression of p53 increased from 1. 17 ±0. 03 to 0. 23 ±0. 05, there were statistically significant differences between adding SNP group and the control group ( P ＜0. 05); but there were no statistically significant differences in HPV16 E6, E7 mRNA and that of p53 in Caski cells( P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusions The presence of HR-HPV is associated with an increased release of NO in the human uterine cervix; NO could inhibit the growth and proliferation and enhance the apoptosis of cervical cancer cells, inhibit the expression of HPV18 E6, E7 mRNA in HeLa cells and activate the expression of p53 protein, the mechanism may be due to higher sensitivity of HeLa cells (cervical adenocarcinoma cell) to SNP. The increasing release of NO may play a role in regulating the elimination of HPV in cervical microenvironment, which is a part of mucous membrane immunity.

Objective To investigate the impact of uric acid on peripheral blood glucose measured by the portable blood glu‐cose meter .Methods A total of 60 inpatients with 2 diabetic mellitus(T2DM ) complicating hyperuricemia were chosen as the re‐search group and contemporaneous 60 cases of T2DM without complicating hyperuricemia as the control group .Blood glucose in both groups was measured by the portable blood glucose meter ,meanwhile plasma glucose and serum uric acid were assessed by the biochemical analyzer in order to explore the impact of uric acid on peripheral blood glucose .Results (1)The difference between pe‐ripheral blood glucose and venous blood glucose was correlated with serum uric acid .(2)There was statistically significant differ‐ence in the blood glucose between the two groups .(3 ) The bias of blood glucose value were within the acceptable range . Conclusion Serum uric acid has certain influence on the peripheral blood glucose ,but which is within the acceptable range .The de‐tected blood glucose value of the portable blood glucose meter can be trusted .

Objective To explore the different probability of carcinoma and the necessity of treatment in cervical columnar ectopy (CCE),normal smooth cervix and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN) by investigating the different expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9).Methods The expression of MMP-9 was detected by using immunohistochemical method in 30 cases of CCE,28 cases of CIN and 30 cases of normal smooth cervix from 2007 to 2012.Results The positive expression of MMP-9protein in CIN was 96.4％ (27/28),CCE was 23.3％ (7/30) and normal smooth cervix was 20.0％ (6/30)respectively.The positive expression of MMP-9 protein was higher in CIN than CCE and normal smooth cervix,the difference has statistical significance (P＜ 0.01),there was no significant difference between CCE and normal smooth cervix (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions CCE,which was a physiological performance of cervical erosion,should not be overtreated.But the women of childbearing age should be routinely performed in cervical cancer screening.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of propofol repeated anesthesia on the expression of CaMK Ⅱ α in the hippocampus in neonatal rats.MethodsThirty-two SD rats aged 7 days weighing 12-16 g were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =16 each): group C received intraperitoneal 0.9％ normal saline 7.5 ml/kg once a day for 7 days and group P received propofol 75 mg/kg once a day for 7 days.Learning and memory function were assessed using Morris warier maze at 28 days old of rats.The animals were sacrificed at 24 h after the tests and brain tissues were removed.The expression of CaMK Ⅱ α and phosphorylated CaMK Ⅱ α (pCaMK Ⅱ α) in hippocampal CAI region were determined by immunochemistry and Western bolt.ResultsCompared with group C,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,space exploration time shortened and expression of CaMK Ⅱ α and pCaMK Ⅱ α down-rugulated in group P than in group C( P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionPropofol repeated anesthesia decreases congnitive function through down-regulating the expression and inhibiting the activity of CaMK Ⅱ α in hippocampus in neonatal rats.

Objective To observe the effect of ulinastatin on tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)in radiation-induced lung injury.Methods Severity-two female SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups as control group,irradiation group and treatment group(administered with Ulinastatin).Rats in irradiation group and treatment group were irradiated with linear accelerator at a single dose of 25 Gy.After irradiation rats in treatment group were injected daily with ulinastatin at a dose of 100000 U-kg-1·d-1 for 7 days through caudal vein while rats in control group and irradiation group were injected with the same volume of saline.Rats were killed at 2 h,4,8 and 24 weeks.Samples of lung tissues were observed by using HE staining.Expression of TNF-α in lung was determined by Western blot and expression of IL-6 in serum was determined by ELISA.Data were analyzed by SPSS software.Results Expressions of TNF-α in lung and IL-6 in serum increased significantly after irradiated in irradiation group compared with control group,and it reached the peak at 4 weeks(q=5.63、6.21,P＜0.01).Though expressions of TNF-α and IL-6 in ffeatment group also increased compared with control group,the difference between irradiation group and treatment group was statistic significantly(q=4.97、7.42,P＜0.01).Conclusions TNF-α and IL-6 play an important role in radiation-induced lung injury.Ulinastatin could suppress the inflammatory response and radiation-induced lung injury effectively by decreasing the levels of TNF-α and IL-6.

Objective To study the variable number tandem repeats(VNTR)polymorphism in intron 4 of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNos)gene and its relationship with plasma NO in patents with PAH of COPD.Methods The VNTR polymorphism in intron 4of the eNos genes of PAH COPD and healthy control were detected by PCR.The plasma level of NO3-/NO2-was measured by spectrophotometer,which was used as an index of NO synthesis.Data were analyzed according to the different genotype and allelic gene frequency.Results The COPD PAH group significant higher frequency of VNTR 4a allele and 4a/4b allele and 4a/4b+4a/4a genotype than those of the control(P=0.027,P

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extraction process for the preparation of Paeonia lactiflora formula granules and establish an HPLC method for the determination of Paeoniflorin in the samples.METHODS:The optimum water extraction process was selected by the L9(34)orthogonal design and the content of Paeoniflorin in formula granules was analyzed by HPLC.The HPLC assay was performed on a crosmosil C18-MS-II(250mm? 4.6mm,5? m)column.The mobile phase was employed by using acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid(14∶ 86).The detection wavelength was set at 230 nm and the system was operated at 25℃.RESULTS:The optimum extraction conditions were to reflux for 3 times with 12 fold water and each time for one hour.The extraction rate of Paeoniflorin was 85.7% and the dried extraction yield was 34.4%.The peak area had a good linearity with the concentration of Paeoniflorin and the linear range was 0.128～ 0.640? g(r=0.999 8).The average recovery was 100.76% and RSD was 1.26%.CONCLUSION:The preparation process of Paeonia lactiflora formula granules was stable and feasible.The HPLC method for quality control was accurate and suitable.