Recently,an unconventional T cell population (collectively designated as Vδ2 -γδT cell ) has been characterized during the anti-cytomegalovirus immune response in all organ transplant recipients,neo-nates,and healthy individuals.These cytomegalovirus-induced Vδ2 -γδT cells undergo a dramatic and stable ex-pansion after cytomegalovirus infection,in a conventional adaptive way.Similarly,as cytomegalovirus-specific CD8 +αβT cells,they exhibit an effector/memory TEMRA phenotype and cytotoxic effect or functions.This paper reviews the researchs and reports about cytomegalovirus induced-Vδ2 -γδT cell,including its location,phe-notype,and activation,as well as its immunologic mechanism in cytomegalovirus infection,acute or chronic re-jection,and anti-cancer function.

Otitis media with effusion (OME) was first described by Austrian otologist POLITZERZAI in 1867. The main feature is ear effusion and conductive hearing loss. However the etiology and pathogenesis of OME has not been clear up to now. It is thought that OME can be induced by upper respiratory infection,also can arise after radiotherapy of head and neck cancer. Presently the dysfunction of eustachian tube,infection of middle ear and allergic reaction are considered to be the major causes of OME. In recent years, more and more researches have concerned in immune response and otitis media with effusion.
Animals ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Otitis Media with Effusion ; etiology ; immunology

Objective To investigate the protection against podocyte injury by simvastatin in DM rats. Methods We divided DM rats induced by STZ into 3 groups of NC,DM and SVT,measured Scr,TC and UAER，observed renal pathomorphology and FPW，and detected nephrin,podocin,NF-κB and MCP-1 by immunohistochemistry stain,real time-PCR. Results The levels of Scr,UAER,NF-κB and MCP-1 were higher in DM than in NC and SVT group.The level of FPW was higher in DM than in SVT group.The levels of nephrin and podocin were lower in DM than in NC and SVT group (all P<0.01). Conclusions Simvastatin can suppress inflammatory cytokines,maintain podocyte protein,relieve podocyte injury.

砄bjective: To study the feasibility of fabrication of trachea cartilage ring by tissue engineering.Methods : PGA non woven mesh was put into the mold of trachea cartilage ring and enforced with polylactic acid. Rabbit chondrocytes were harvested by collagenase type Ⅱdigestion of ear cartilage and seeded into PGA scaffold in the density of 5?10 7/ml.The cell polymer complexes were incubated in vitro for 1 week and then implanted subcutaniously into the back of nude mice. The formation of trachea cartilage ring was observed by gross inspection and histological examination 2 months after implantation. Results: New cartilage tissue in the shape of trachea ring was found 2 months after implantation. The specimens showed the appearance of glisteringly white with good flexibility. Histological examination demonstrated that newly restored tissue was constituted of cartilage. Conclusion: It may be an efficient method to fabricate trachea cartilage ring by seeding chondrocytes in PGA scaffold.

砄bjective: To fabricate tissue engineered bone cartilage composite. Method: Rabbit marrow stem cells (MSCs) were in vitro cultured, expanded and induced to differeciate to osteoblasts. Chondrocytes were obtained by collagenase type Ⅱ digestion of rabbit ear cartilage. Osteoblasts and chondrocytes were co seeded into different part of natural coral scaffold, and then implanted subcutaneously into the back of nude mice. Two months after implantation,the specimens were harvested and bone cartilage composites formation was observed by gross inspection and histologic observation. Results: The newly formed tissue was composed of two parts. One part was glisteringly white and another part was dark red. There was an obvious boundary between the two parts. Microscopic observation revealed successful restoration of bone cartilage composite. Conclusion:Bone cartilage composite can be prepared by co deeding of osteoblasts and chondrocytes into natural coral scaffold.

Objective To evaluate the diffuse characteristics of two types of botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX and CBTX A) in the forehead and the effect of intradermal (ID) and subcutanous (SC) infections on their diffusion.Methods Healthy volunteers (n =20) were recruited to receive a 0.05 ml (2 U) injection of botulinum toxin type A at four forehead sites [both sides of medial forehead (SC) and temporal forehead (ID)],one side for BOTOX and another for CBTX-A.On day 14,the Minors' iodine starch test was performed and photographs were taken for calculating the area and dimensions of anhydrotic area.Results The areas of anhidrosis ID were significantly greater with CBTX-A (180±15) mm2 than that of BOTOX (144±14) mm2.The same conditions occurred in vertical dimensions (14.4±1.1) mm vs.(15.8±1.0) mm and horizontal dimensions (10.8±0.6) mm vs.(12.5±0.7) mm.There was significant variation between the both for diffuseness in the two anhidrotic halos observed after ID injection (P＜0.05).The areas of anhidrosis by SC were significantly greater with CBTX-A (207±17) mm2 than that in BOTOX (183±18) mm2.The mean horizontal dimension was greater with CBTX-A by SC (13.2±0.6) mm than that of BOTOX by SC (12.2±0.7) mm,but not statistically significant (P =0.06).The mean horizontal dimension in BOTOX was significantly greater with SC than that with ID (P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between SC and ID administration of CBTX-A.Conclusions BOTOX diffuses less than CBTX-A.ID injection technique may result in less diffusion than SC.

Objective To explore the total anti-oxidation capacity(T-AOC), superoxide dismutase(SOD), nitric oxide synthase(NOS) and nitric oxide(NO) in testis homogenate of the rats’ with chronic fluorosis induced by drinking NaF solutions with different concentration. Methods 24 male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups (8 rats per group) including control group, low-fluoride(LF) group, high-fluoride(HF) group, which were exposed to fluoride by means of freely drinking tap water containing NaF with 0, 100 and 200 mg/L respectively for 20 weeks. T-AOC, NOS activities and SOD activity of the testis tissue were determined by colorimetry , xanthine oxidase method and nitrate reductase method respectively. Results Compared with the control group, the T-AOC of the testis tissue increased significantly in LF group and decreased significantly in HF group. SOD activity of the testis tissue showed on significant difference among the control group, LF group and HF group . Compared with the control group, the levels of NOS and NO decreased significantly in LF group and increased significantly in HF group. Conclusion The T-AOC of the testis tissue exposed to low level of fluoride presents a compensatory increase induced by the inhibited activity of NOS and synthesis of NO. Higher level of fluoride may increase reactive oxygen species(ROS), and cause abnormal expression of induce nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) and increased synthesis of NO in the testis tissue.

Objective To investigate the adverse effect of chronic fluorosis on the testicular structure of rats testis and the antagonism of taurine-zinc. Methods 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (6 in each) and treated with fluoride and taurine-zinc through drinking water: control, low fluorine (LF, 100 mg NaF/L), high fluorine (HF, 200 mg NaF/L), low fluorine plus Zn(LF+Zn), high fluorine plus Zn (HF+Zn). After 5 months of fluoride treated, the rats in LF+Zn and HF+Zn groups were given taurine-zinc (0.34 g/L) by added in the drinking water for another month. Six months later, the testicle structure in all groups was examined under the microscope. Results In LF group, the loosened testicular gland and interstitial edema were seen. In HF group, primary spermatocyte became smaller and sperm head disappeared. However, in LF+Zn and HF+Zn groups there were no so significant damages, the changes were similar to normal testis. Conclusion Chronic fluorosis can cause testis damage and taurine-zinc presents a obvious antagonism in rats.

Objective To discuss the correlation of the p53 overexpression and human papilloma virus (HPV) infection with the occurrence, development of the vulvar squamous cell carcinoma in elderly women. Methods Samples from 68 patients with vulvar squamous cell carcinoma and samples of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks from 38 patients with vulvar dystrophy were determined by immunohistochemistry. HPV infection was examined with monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies. Fifteen normal vulvar skin samples were used as controls. Results Positive expression rate of p53 and HPV in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma samples were 54.4% and 45.6% respectively, in the dystrophy samples were 18.4% and 55.3% respectively. All showed significant difference between the two groups. None was positive in the controls. Conclusions There are high expression of p53 and HPV in the elderly women with vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. p53 mutation and high risk HPV infection play an important role in the development of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma.

As a special service,blood donation has special requirements for the ethics of blood donors,which is different from the professional ethics of ordinary employees or the social ethics of the general public.The present ethical status of blood donors calls for a new way of effectively cultivating the ethics of blood donors.