Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and mechanism of electrical pudendal nerve stimulation (EPNS) in treating female stress urinary incontinence.Methods Thirty-five female patients with stress urinary incontinence were enrolled from May 2006 to April 2008.The average age was (54.9±9.7) years,the duration of incontinence was (74.1 ±45.6) months,the maximum urethral closure pressure was (63.7± 15.9) cm H2O,functional urethral length was (2.34±0.72) cm and bladder neck mobility was (1.23±0.76) cm.Long acupuncture needles were deeply inserted into four sacral points,which were located by the two edges of the sacrum on a level with the fourth sacral foramina and bilaterally to the tip of the coccyx.The needles were electrified (continuous waves,a frequency of 2.5 Hz,an intensity of 45-55 mA and 60 min once) to stimulate the pudendal nerves.When EPNS was performed,perineal ultrasonographic B-mode movements of the pelvic floor muscles (PFM),M-mode curves indicating the PFM contractions,vaginal pressure (VP) and PFM electromyogram were recorded simultaneously.Results When EPNS was performed correctly,the patient felt strong PFM contractions.Simultaneous records showed:1)B-mode cranio-caudal PFM movements; 2) M-mode PFM movement curves (amplitude:about 1 mm,n=31 ; in the other four patients,the M-mode curves were not obvious) ; 3) a sawtooth curve of VP changes (2.61±1.29 cm H2O,n=34); 4) PFM myoelectric waves (amplitude:23.9±25.3 μV).If during the EPNS process the electric current was stopped or its intensity was reduced or the two lower needles were drawn back 1-2 cm,then the above ultrasonographic PFM movements and VP changes disappeared.In the 35 patients,the ICI-Q-SF score was 12.9±2.9 before treatment and decreased to 3.5±3.3 after 27.5± 11.9 sessions of treatment (P＜0.01).Twenty-five patients with ≥50％ symptom improvement at the end of treatment were followed up for 24-72 months (mean 50),and 19 cases had ≥ 50％ symptom improvement during the period of follow-up,including complete symptoms resolution in 10 cases.Conclusion EPNS can contract the PFMs and simulate PFM training to treat female stress incontinence.

Purpose To observe the curative effect of special acupuncture techniques on female urethral syndrome and its relationship with the course of treatment.Method Four abdominal and four sacral empirical points were acupunctured with special techniques and electricity. A difference in curative effect was investigated between different numbers of treatments. Results The clinical cure rate reached 15.2% just after ≤ 10 (7.3 ± 1.3) treatments. The curative effect was significantly better after 20-40 (32.1 ± 5.8) treatments than after ≤ 10 (7.3± 1.3) treatments (χ2 = 10.086, P ＜0.05). The clinical cure rate reached 43.5% in the former. Conclusion Special acupuncture techniques have a good clinical effect on female urethral syndrome. The curative effect improves with an increase in the number of treatments.

Parenteral nutrition (PN) was given to 40 patients with upper gastric carcinoma after proximal gastrectomies; and full enteral nutrition (EN) was subsequently given when bowels function recovered.The nutritional indicators including serum albumin ( Alb),prealbumin .(PA) and transferring,and immunological indicators including IgA,IgG,IgM,C3,C4 were measured before and 1st,8th day after operation.The data were processed by software SPSS 13.0.The average length of hospital stay was 14 d and the aerofluxus time was (58 ±6)hours.There were no changes in blood biochemistry,hepatic function and renal function pre- and post-operation( P ＞0.05 ).The nutritional and immune indicators except the IgM in 1 st day after operation were decreased significantly ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The immune indicators except the IgG in 8th day after operation were significantly improved in comparison of those before and 1st day after operation ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Post-operative complications occurred in 3 patients including 1 case of subphrenic infection and 2 cases of anastomotic leakage.After proper treatment,all patients recovered well.Combined application of EN and PN may improve nutrition and immune status of patients after proximal gastrectomy.

Ovulatory dysfunction refers to absent ovulation or luteal insufficiency. It is commonly seen in women with irregular menstruation or menstrual cycles, especially in those with oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea. Ovulatory dysfunction is considered the single-most frequent cause of female infertility. Clinically, the two major causes of ovulatory dysfunction are polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome (LUFS). Acupuncture-moxibustion improves ovulation and helps with infertility. Through a systematic review and analysis on relevant literatures in Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture-moxibustion Databankover the last decade, this paper summarized the characteristics and pattern of acupuncture-moxibustion points for improving ovulation in order to provide an optimal acupuncture-moxibustion protocol in this regard.

Objective:To investigate the protective effect of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on triptolide (TP)-induced immunological liver injuries, and explore the relevant mechanisms of action. Methods: A total of 40 female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups:control group,EGCG group,TP group and TP+EGCG group. The ALT levels in serum was examined by Reitman Frankel method. The activity of hepatic MDA,SOD and GSH was examined by spectrophotometry. HE staining was used to observed the changes of the hepatic histopathology. The hepatic IL-17,IL-6 levels was examined by ELISA and the expression of hepatic TLR4 protein was examined by Western blot. Results:The results showed that serum alanine aminotransaminase ( ALT) levels of TP group were obviously elevated (P<0. 005,vs normal control group) and serum ALT levels were obviously reduced in EGCG treatment group(P<0. 005,vs normal TP group). There were no significantly differences between EGCG group and control group (P>0. 05). Meanwhile,EGCG could ameliorate hepatic pathological damage. Furthermore,in TP group,the activity of malondialdehyde ( MDA) ,the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) protein and the contentration of hepatic interleukin (IL)-17,IL-6 were higher than normal control group ( P<0. 005 ) . On the contrary, the activity of superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) and restored glutathione ( GSH ) were significantly lower than normal control group ( SOD, P<0. 05;GSH, P<0. 005 ) . In EGCG treatment group, the expression of TLR4 protein and the concentration of MDA,hepatic IL-17 and IL-6 were lower than TP group ( TLR4,P<0. 05;MDA,P<0. 005;IL-17,P<0. 005;IL-6,P<0. 005). On the contrary,SOD and GSH were significantly higher than TP group (SOD,P<0. 05;GSH,P<0. 005). Conclusion:This study suggests that EGCG possesses hepatoprotective effect against TP-induced immunological liver injury through its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant actions.

Objective To analyze the prevalence of human papilloma virus(HPV) and the relationship between HPV and vaginal environment in puerperium women.Methods One thousand and twenty-nine cases puerperium women were detected for HPV subtype by using nucleic acid flow-through hybridization.Patients with HPV positive had been considered as observe group and the rest as control.The prenatal infection of HPV of HPV-DNA positive and negative postpartum puerperium women, and the vaginal cleanliness of prenatal and postpartum were analyzed.Results In 1 029 cases puerperium women, the total HPV-DNA positive rate was 10.30％(106/1029) ,and high risk infection rate was 95.65％ (110/115).The rate of HPV positive before pregnant in HPV positive group (46.51％, 40/86) was higher than that in HPV negative group (9.09％, 10/110).There was significant difference of vaginal environment in the two groups (x2 =36.567, P＜0.05).In HPV-DNA positive and negative women during the puerperium vaginal cleaning degree of Ⅰ , Ⅱ ratio prenatal respectively were 56.98％ (49/86) and 76.36％ (84/110), and the difference was significant (x2 =8.317, P ＜0.05).Postpartum to 45.35％ (39/86) and 60.00 (66/110), and the difference was significant (x2 =3.941, P＜0.05).Conclusion The HPV infection of pregnant women are easy to getagain.There is relevance between HPV infection and vaginal environment.

Improvement of the review of dissertation for doctoral degree is important for the training of qualified doctors.Current practice includes double-blind review and open review.This paper compares and analyses the outcome of the two kinds of reviews and found that double-blind review is more objective that the other(the mean of open review score is 96.39±2.069,the mean of double-blind review score is 85.18±6.635.P=0.001,P＜0.01).In the end some suggestions are proposed to improve the double-blind review system.

The paper analysed the double-blind review result of Ph.D candidates' dissertation at Peking University People's Hospital.Rigor deficiency and inadequate knowledge about the research subjects were identified as the main problems.In the end some suggestions were proposed from two aspects,namely,full-process management of Ph.D training and supervisor-team construction.

Postgraduate administration is faced with new challenge in the affiliated clinical hospital because of the increasing quantity of postgraduates.The paper analyzed the characteristics of postgraduate administration and the status quo of information system construction in the affiliated clinical hospital and proposed the ideas of constructing information system for postgraduate administration from three aspects including system-frame,system-function and system-management.The purpose of the study was to provide reference for improving quality of postgraduate administration.

Objective To study the effect of nutrition support with somatostatin in patients with gastro- esophagus leakage after proximal gastrectomy. Methods 6 patients with gastro-esophagus leakage after proximal gastrectomy for gastric cancer from July 2004 to September 2009 were enrolled. Then, the patients were treated with improved drainage, parenteral & enteral nutrition and somatostatin. Furthermore, nutrition index and duration of recovery were investigated respectively. All data were analyzed between preoperative and postoperative by student's T-Test.Results 6 patients were cured after non-operation. The average period of in-hospital was 32 days. Compared with the post-leakage day 1 ,the nutrition states were significantly improved when patients recovered( P ＜0. 01 ). Non-complication happened. Conclusion It was an effective way to improve the nutrition state and to promote the gastro-esophagus leakage healing.