Objective To investigate the elinicopathologic features of atypical endometriosis(AEM) and to discuss the relationship between AEM and tumors. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of 163 cases of AEM, which were retrieved from the Department of Pathology files at the Tianjin Central Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital between Jan 2004 and Dec 2006. The pathologic changes of AEM including its glandular epithelium, stroma, background and the conditions coexisting with tumor were observed. Results The AEM accounted for 4.38% (163/3724) of the endometriosis (EM) eases. Of 172 AEM foei of 163 patients, 168 were in the ovary, and the other 4 were in the fallopian tube, cervix and uterine serosa respectively. The rate of ovarian AEM was 6.81% of endometriosis. AEM associated with tumour was found in 26 cases (15.95% )and among 27 of ovarian AEM, 15 were malignant, 9 borderline and 3 benign. The AEM epithelia were mainly arranged in the form of surface epithelium. They present with characteristic features of moderate to marked pleomorphism, epithelial tufting and bud structures by microscopy. The walls of AEM cyst were presented with three layers of epithelium, endometrioid stroma and fibrosis-collngen. The endometrioid stroma were usually thin in contrast to the fibre-collagen tissue, which was often thick with scarred background. The transformation from AEM to tumor was found in most of the malignant tumors( 14/15,93% ). Conclusions AEM lesions hold some features of both EM and tumor, which may have a relatively higher potential for tumorigenesis and cancerafion. The process of damage and repair in EM foci during a long course may play a role in the development of EM into AEM and finally into tumor.

Objective: To establish an education program for resident pharmacists to improve clinical problem solving skills with pharmaceutical knowledge.Methods: A case-based education program for resident pharmacists with drug knowledge was established after a questionnaire survey in resident pharmacists and the discussion with clinical teachers.A teaching team was built and the resident pharmacists were divided into several study groups.After a pilot run, the program was operated in pharmacy department.The program was divided into 10 sections by drug indications, and each section was composed of basic drug knowledge lecture and case discussions, which mobilized the study initiative of resident pharmacists.At the half time, resident pharmacists and clinical teachers participated in a midterm survey by a questionnaire.Results: More than 95% resident pharmacists and teachers believed that basic drug knowledge lecture before case discussion was necessary, and compared with previous trainings, the program could further increase study interests of resident pharmacists and improve the clinical problem solving skills.However, 33.3% resident pharmacists and 60% teachers thought the cases were difficult, and 18.5% resident pharmacists and 10% teachers disagreed the cases were close to the actual work.Conclusion: The program is effective in drug knowledge training for resident pharmacists, which can improve pharmaceutical care for patients, while further modifications are still needed to satisfy the demands of resident pharamcists with different working years.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the status quo of teachers'teaching ability of standardized training for hospital pharma-cists in Beijing area,and provide reference for strengthening the faculty construction. METHODS:A dynamic assessment of stan-dardized training base for hospital pharmacists of 17 inpatients in Beijing area was conducted to organize evaluation experts to as-sess the teaching ability of outpatient pharmacy,ward pharmacy and clinical pharmacy in training base. Questionnaire was designed and trainees were organized to evaluate the teaching ability,time,attitude,feedback and others and related results of teaching in bases were vegarded as objects for analysis and summary. RESULTS:The overall ability of teaching was high,and the most promi-nent was clinical pharmacy,which was well received by trainees. But there are differences among departments,the ability of ward pharmacy is slightly lower than the clinical pharmacy and outpatient pharmacy. And the teaching ability still had great improvement. CONCLUSIONS:In order to improve the overall teacher strength in training base,competence-based training for hospital pharma-cists must be strengthened to encourage teachers to attend training courses,strengthen cultivation of humanistic quality and enrich students'evaluation forms.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the training and evaluation for hospital pharmacy teachers. METHODS:19 pharmacists-in-charge in the pharmacy department of our hospital received training of teaching ability,and theory test and multi-sta-tion practical technique test were conducted after training. The items examined in theory test included training rules,the profession-al knowledge of pharmacy and teaching method;the content of practical technique test included checking prescriptions/medication orders,drug dispensing,medication management,patient education and ADR report. Each teacher’s test included 3 of 5 items above based on different responsibilities. All scores were analyzed and summarized. RESULTS:The score of practical technique test was higher than the score of theory test;teachers’grasp of training rules was the worst in theory test;in practical technique test,the score of medication management was the highest for teachers worked at the post of dispensing;while the score of patient education was higher than the score of ADR report for teachers who were clinical pharmacists,the differences were statistically sig-nificant(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:In order to improve teaching ability, teachers should receive intensive training on the train-ing rules and the professional knowledge of pharmacy;the multi-station examination mode will be improved in many modes such as increasing stations,standardized test paper and standardized trainees;meanwhile,the young pharmacists should be encouraged for positive commitment to the teaching work and continuously enriched with experience.

Objective To observe the effects on rabbit corneas and retinas after single intravitreal injection of voriconazole at different doses.Methods According to the randomization table,25 healthy rabbits were randomly divided into control group,and voriconazole 50,100,200,and 400 μg groups.Therefore,there were 5 rabbits in each group.The eyes of control group received intravitreal injection of 0.1 ml balanced saline solution,and those treatment groups received 0.1 ml voriconazole injection of corresponding dose.Before the injection and 1,7,and 14 days after the injection,endothelial cell counts and corneal thicknesses were measured;full-field electroretinogram were performed and b-wave amplitudes in maximal combined reaction (Max-R) were recorded.On 14 days after the injection,histologic structures were observed by light microscope and transmission electron microscope.Results There was no significant difference in endothelial cell counts (F=0.320,0.291,0.467,0.649) and corneal thicknesses (F=0.214,0.284,0.360,0.225) with those of control group at any time points (P＞0.05).Before and 1 day after the injection,b-wave amplitudes of each voriconazole group had no significant difference compared with those of control group (F=0.220,0.106;P＞0.05).On 7 days after the injection,b-wave amplitudes decreased significantly at doses of 200 μg and 400 μg (P＜0.05).On 14 days after the injection,there was no significant difference between the the amplitude of 200 μg group and that of control group (P＞ 0.05).However,the amplitude of the 400 μg group decreased continuously and there was still significant difference (P＜0.05).Light microscopy did not reveal any corneal abnormality in both control group and voriconazole groups.The retinas were normal except that of the 400 μg group,which had a thinner and degenerated inner nuclear layer and disordered photoreceptor layer.Under transmission electron microscope,there were no ultrastructure damages of corneas in both control group and voriconazole groups,either.The rabbit retinas of the 50 μg and 200 μg group have normal inner nuclear layer and photoreceptor layer,but degrees of changes in both layers were observed in the eyes of 200 μg and 400 μg group.Conclusions There is no obvious effects on rabbit corneas and retinas after single intravitreal injection of voriconazole at he dose less than or equal 100 μg.There are no obvious effects on rabbit corneas at the dose of 200 μg and 400 μg,while there are damages to the retinas in both functions and histological structures.

Using human spleen purified SSA antigen,we set up a new technique of dot immunobinding assay(DIBA)for detection of anti—SSA antibody.The specificity of DIBA is better than that of double immunodiffusion method.The positive rate of anti—SSA antibody in Sjogren syndrome is 76.9%,while that in systemic lupus erythematosus is 33.3%.We found that anti—SSA antibody and RF usually appeared in same patient with Sjo-gren syndrome or rheumatoid arthritis.

AIM: To investigate the heterogeneity of basal intracellular free calcium concentration( i) in peritoneal macrophages(PM) and whether it is relative to the reactivity of PM at the single cell level. METHODS: i implicated stimulated were measured by fluorescent microscopic imaging system after loading with fluorescent probe fura-2/AM. Superoxide(O _2)produced by single PM was determined by modified NBT test. RESULTS: The values of basal i determined in 392 PMs of 7 mice showed normal distribution [(54?24) nmol/L, n=392] with wide range(less than 20 nmol/L to more than 100 nmol/L), among which about 50% were in the range of 40-60 nmol/L. When stimulated with PMA or fMLP, i was increased, the peak values were positively correlated with the basal i in one mouse(PMA stimulated cells: r=0.52, P

AIM: To determine the contents of Sodum Aescinate for Injection in Beijing market in order to provide the basis for quanlity control. METHODS: According to national criterion, total aescinate is determinted by acid base titration. The contents of sodium aescinate A and sodium aescinate B in products are determined by HPLC. RESULTS: The total aescinate content in samples of the different manufactures are accord with national criterion, but the contents of sodium aescinate A and sodium aescinate B in products are different. CONCLUSION: After national criterion was carried into practice, the contents of sodium aescinate A and sodium aescinate B in products were up to standard.

Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture combined with minimally invasive hematoma aspiration on a rabbit model of brain injury in the acute stage of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods A total of 65 healthy New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into a sham operation (SO) group, an ICH group,a hematoma aspiration (HA) group, and an acupuncture and hematoma aspiration (AHA) group. Models of ICH were established in the latter three groups. The HA group was treated with minimally invasive hematoma aspiration and the AHA group was treated with both acupuncture and minimally invasive hematoma aspiration. At 6 hours and 1, 3 and 7 days after the ICH models were established, brain water content (BWC) was measured, and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 ( MMP-9 ) in the rabbits' brains was detected by immunohistochemistry. MMP-9activity was detected by gelatin zymography. Results The BWCs of the ICH group, HA group and AHA group rabbits were significantly higher than those of the SO group. The BWCs of the HA group and AHA group animals descended significantly more than those in the ICH group as time went on, especially on the 3rd day in the AHA group. Immunohistochemistry and gelatin zymography showed that the expression and activity of MMP-9 in these test groups decreased with time, especially on the 3rd day in the AHA group. Conclusions Acupuncture combined with hematoma aspiration can reduce injury in the acute stage of ICH, and inhibition of the expression of MMP-9 may be the mechanism.

Objective To explore the effects of second biopsy and resection on tumor recurrence and progression in patients with high risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Methods The second biopsy and resections were performed 4-6 weeks after the first transurethral resection in 52 patients. Routine follow-up was done in another 71 patients. The tumor recurrence and progression rates were compared. Results Residual tumors were found in 54%(28/52) of patients underwent second biop-sy and resection, including muscle-invasive tumors in 5 patients. Two patients underwent radical cys-tectomy due to resection findings. During same period, 71 patients were routinely followed. After a median observation of 27 months, patients underwent second biopsy and resection showed lower recur-rence rate (P<0.05). The progression rate was no difference between the 2 groups(P0.05). Conclusion Second biopsy and resection may reduce recurrence rate in high risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancers, but may not change the tumor progression rate.