Objective To investigate the applicative value of transvaginal color doppler sonography com-bined with CA125 which is tumor detection maker in the the diagnosis of ovarian of benign and malignant tumor . Methods We analyzed sonographic features ,blood flow of transvaginal color doppler sonography and serum CA 125 level in 102 ovarian tumor cases and compared with pathological findings and study the sensitivity ,specificity and accuracy of diagnosis.Results The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of the diagnosis of ovarian of benign and malignant tumor detected by transvaginal color doppler sonography were respectively 80.6%,95.8%and 91.2%. The sensitivity ,specificity and accuracy of the diagnosis of ovarian of benign and malignant tumor detected by tumor makers CA125 were 87.1%,87.3%and 87.3%respectively.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of the diag-nosis of ovarian of benign and malignant detected by transvaginal color doppler sonography combined with tumor makers CA125 were 93.5%,97.2%and 96.1%respectively.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of results de-tected by the combination of both methods were higher than the single one .Conclusion The combination among the sonographic features ,blood flow of transvaginal color doppler sonography and serum tumor markers CA 125 im-proves the efficiency of ovarian benign and malignant tumor diagnosis ,and therefore shows the great clinical value .

High-speed counter-current chromatographic ( HSCCC ) method was successfully used to separate and purify prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and 5-0-methylvisammioside from Saposhnikovia divaricata(Thicz. ) Schis-chk. ,a traditional Chinese herb,with a solvent system composed of ethyl acetate-n-butanol-water(2:7:9,V/V). The lower phase of the system was used as the mobile phase at the flow rate of 2.0 mL/min,and the upper phase was used as the stationary phase. The separation produced a total 13.9 mg prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and 25.0 mg 5-0-methylvisammioside with the purity of 98. 1% and 99.2% determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) from 316 mg of crude sample from S. divaricata. The structures of isolated compounds were identified by ESI-MS,~1H NMR and ~(13)C NMR.

Objective To observe the effects on rabbit corneas and retinas after single intravitreal injection of voriconazole at different doses.Methods According to the randomization table,25 healthy rabbits were randomly divided into control group,and voriconazole 50,100,200,and 400 μg groups.Therefore,there were 5 rabbits in each group.The eyes of control group received intravitreal injection of 0.1 ml balanced saline solution,and those treatment groups received 0.1 ml voriconazole injection of corresponding dose.Before the injection and 1,7,and 14 days after the injection,endothelial cell counts and corneal thicknesses were measured;full-field electroretinogram were performed and b-wave amplitudes in maximal combined reaction (Max-R) were recorded.On 14 days after the injection,histologic structures were observed by light microscope and transmission electron microscope.Results There was no significant difference in endothelial cell counts (F=0.320,0.291,0.467,0.649) and corneal thicknesses (F=0.214,0.284,0.360,0.225) with those of control group at any time points (P＞0.05).Before and 1 day after the injection,b-wave amplitudes of each voriconazole group had no significant difference compared with those of control group (F=0.220,0.106;P＞0.05).On 7 days after the injection,b-wave amplitudes decreased significantly at doses of 200 μg and 400 μg (P＜0.05).On 14 days after the injection,there was no significant difference between the the amplitude of 200 μg group and that of control group (P＞ 0.05).However,the amplitude of the 400 μg group decreased continuously and there was still significant difference (P＜0.05).Light microscopy did not reveal any corneal abnormality in both control group and voriconazole groups.The retinas were normal except that of the 400 μg group,which had a thinner and degenerated inner nuclear layer and disordered photoreceptor layer.Under transmission electron microscope,there were no ultrastructure damages of corneas in both control group and voriconazole groups,either.The rabbit retinas of the 50 μg and 200 μg group have normal inner nuclear layer and photoreceptor layer,but degrees of changes in both layers were observed in the eyes of 200 μg and 400 μg group.Conclusions There is no obvious effects on rabbit corneas and retinas after single intravitreal injection of voriconazole at he dose less than or equal 100 μg.There are no obvious effects on rabbit corneas at the dose of 200 μg and 400 μg,while there are damages to the retinas in both functions and histological structures.

AIM: To investigate the heterogeneity of basal intracellular free calcium concentration( i) in peritoneal macrophages(PM) and whether it is relative to the reactivity of PM at the single cell level. METHODS: i implicated stimulated were measured by fluorescent microscopic imaging system after loading with fluorescent probe fura-2/AM. Superoxide(O _2)produced by single PM was determined by modified NBT test. RESULTS: The values of basal i determined in 392 PMs of 7 mice showed normal distribution [(54?24) nmol/L, n=392] with wide range(less than 20 nmol/L to more than 100 nmol/L), among which about 50% were in the range of 40-60 nmol/L. When stimulated with PMA or fMLP, i was increased, the peak values were positively correlated with the basal i in one mouse(PMA stimulated cells: r=0.52, P

Objective To explore the effects of ureteral stent on renal pelvic pressure and other urodynamic parameters. Methods Forty-one patients, 28 males and 13 females, with unilateral renal calculi and/or ureteral calculi were recruited in this study. The mean patient age was 47 years old (ranging from 20 to 72 years old). All cases were placed a 4.7 F ureteral stent and 16 F nephrostomy tube after minimal invasive pereutaneona nephrolithotomy (MPCNL). There was no hydronephrosis and residual crushed stone in the ureter after MPCNL in all cases. Renal pelvic pressure, intra-abdo minal pressure, detrusor pressure, bladder pressure changes during the filling and voiding phases with intravesical perfusion flow rate of 40 ml/min were recorded and analyzed. Results At the baseline, IPP0, IAP0, DP0 and BP0 were (33.1±17.0)cm H2O, (27.5±7.0)cm H2O, (3.3±2.9)cm H2O and (30. 9±7.2)cm H2O, respectively; At the maximum cystometric capacity during the filling phase, IPPvol, IAPvol Dpvol and Bpvol were (39.4±67. 3)cm H2O, (31.1±7.3)cm H2O, (10.7±6. 6) cm H2O and (41.6±10.3)cm H2O, respectively; At the maximum bladder pressure during the voiding phase, IPPmax, IAPmax Dpmax and Bpmax were (65.7±17.0)cm H2O, (33.7±9. 7)cm H2O, (41.9±7.8)cm H2O and (75.0±12. 8)cm H2O, respectively;There were statistical significance comparing between any of IPP0, IPPvol and IPPmax(P<0. 01). 27% (11/41)patients were with the pain in kidney area at voiding IPPmax (87.1±14.6) cm H2O, which was significantly higher than IPPmax (57.8±9.5)cm H2O of asyrnptomatic group (30 patients)(P<0. 01). In all cases, the renal pelvic pressure was higher than 40 cm H2O during the voiding phase. Conclusions Renal pelvic pressure increases during the filling phase after placing the ureteral stent, especially during the voiding phase. As renal function will be damaged by the high renal pelvic pressure, we should decrease the utilization of ureteral stent if possible. It is encouraged to remove the ureteral stent as early as possible.

Objective To explore the effects of second biopsy and resection on tumor recurrence and progression in patients with high risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Methods The second biopsy and resections were performed 4-6 weeks after the first transurethral resection in 52 patients. Routine follow-up was done in another 71 patients. The tumor recurrence and progression rates were compared. Results Residual tumors were found in 54%(28/52) of patients underwent second biop-sy and resection, including muscle-invasive tumors in 5 patients. Two patients underwent radical cys-tectomy due to resection findings. During same period, 71 patients were routinely followed. After a median observation of 27 months, patients underwent second biopsy and resection showed lower recur-rence rate (P<0.05). The progression rate was no difference between the 2 groups(P0.05). Conclusion Second biopsy and resection may reduce recurrence rate in high risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancers, but may not change the tumor progression rate.

Objective To compare the long-term outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed stage T1G3 bladder cancer treated with bladder preserving approach and intravesical instillation or im-mediate cystectomy.Methods of 113 patients with a median age of 64 years (range 27 to 88) diag-nosed with T1G3 bladder cancer from January 1993 to February 2007,81 cases were treated by tran-sureteral resection with additional intravesieal instillation and 32 were treated with immediate cystecto-my.Differences between the 2 groups in 5-year overall survival and tumor specific survival were calcu-lated using the Kaplan-Meier survival function and analyzed by the log rank test.Results of 81 pa-tients treated with organ preserving approach and postoperative intravesical instillation,53 patients developed local recurrence and 21 patients underwent deferred cysteetomy in a median 64 (range 6-140) months follow-up.The overall and tumor specific survival at 5 years was 64.2% (52/81) and 77.8%(63/81),and in those who had deferred cystectomy it was 61.9% (13/21) and 76.2% (16/21),respectively.Of the 32 patients treated with immediate cystectomy,the 5-year overall and tumor specific survival was 59.4%(19/32) and 75.0%(24/32) within a median follow-up of 62(range 4-141)months.There was no statistical difference of the 5-year overall and tumor specific survival be-tween patients treated with bladder preserving approach or immediate cystectomy.Conclusion Blad-der preserving approach and immediate eystectomy might have similar 5-year overall and tumor specific survival for primary T1G3 bladder cancers.

Background and purpose:The previous research has found that the prostate stromal cells derived from different prostate zones have distinct effect on prostate epithelial cells. We also revealed that LMO2 protein was highly expressed in PZ stromal cells (PZSCs) and prostate cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) compared with TZ stromal cells. This study investigated the effect of LMO2 protein in prostate stromal cells on proliferation and invasion of prostate cancer PC-3 cells and its mechanisms. Methods:Lentivirus overexpression vectors were used to establish LMO2-overexpressed prostate WPMY-1 stromal cell line. shRNA plasmids were used to suppress LMO2 in CAFs. LMO2 mRNA and protein level of both WPMY-1 and CAFs were evaluated by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR) and Western blot. Then, PC-3 cells were co-cultured with different prostate stromal cells and the in vitro proliferation and invasion of PC-3 were measured by CCK-8 and matrigel invasion assays respectively. Results:When co-cultured with LMO2-overexpressed prostate stromal cells, both proliferation and in-vasion of PC-3 were improved. However, when co-cultured with CAFs which have inhibited expression of LMO2, the proliferation and invasion of PC-3 were reduced. The protein array proifling found that both interleukin-11 (IL-11) and ifbroblast growth factor-9 (FGF-9) were enhanced extensively in the supernatant collected from LMO2-overexpressed WPMY-1 cells. Conclusion:The expression of LMO2 in prostate stromal cells could be responsible for development of prostate cancer. Paracrine of cytokines, such as IL-11 and FGF-9, from LMO2-overexpressed stromal cells had effects on the proliferation and invasion of prostate cancer cells.

Objective To construct eukaryotic expressing vector of mouse soluble CD160 and stably transfect into CHO cells for eukaryotic expression.Methods Recombinant soluble CD160(rsCD160) was constructed by gene recombination.Total RNA was extracted from the spleen of C57BL/6 mice.cDNA was amplified for the soluble form of CD160.Then,the PCR product was cloned tO pcDNA3.1 and pEGFP-N1.The recombinant plasmid was identified by restriction map and sequence analy-sis.The soluble CDl 60 expression in CHO cells transfected with recombinant psCDl 60 was verified by RT-PCR and Westernblot.The binding ability of psCD160 tO its ligand was detected by FACS.Results 520 bp mouse soluble CD160 gene was obtained.Recombinant mouse psCD160 was successfully constructed.After transfection,soluble CD160 expression in the culture supernatant of CHO cells was successfully detected.FACS analysis indicated that soluble CD160 could bind tO its ligand.Conclusion Recombinant mouse psCD160 is successfully constructed,which will benefit our further study on soluble CD160 for immune therapy against tumor in the future experiments.

Objective To prepare the human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 peptide vaccine and explore the effect in vitro and in vivo. Methods (1) Prediction of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I restricted T cell epitopes by bioinformatics target at transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) and named by E7Pa, E7Pb, E7Pc separately. (2)In vivo, the C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups with same amounts randomly after loading with TC-1 cells (HPV 16 positive tumor cells from C57BL/6 mouse), named as E7Pa + CpG,E7Pb + CpG,E7Pc + CpG (as experiment groups, and added 50 μg/ml E7Pa, E7Pb, E7Pc, respectively), CpG(as positive control group and added Con A with 12 mg/L final concentration) and blank control group (without any treatment). The T cell proliferation was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay at different time points;the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) delivery method was used to test the cytolytie T lymphocyte (CTL) activity of mouse splenic lymphocyte in different ratio of effector cells and target cells (E:T);the related cytokines in tumor tissue and mouse peripheral blood were evaluated by real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The tumor volumes were measured to contrast the therapeutic effect in different groups. Results (1) Three peptide named E7Pa, E7Pb, E7Pc were successfully preparated which had high affinity and specificity. (2) After vaccination of 24, 48, 72,96 hours, MTT results shown that the proliferation rate in E7Pa + CpG group were(131±32)%, (302±15)%, (552±28)%, (731±24)% individually, which were much higher than those in blank control [(72± 15) %, (120 ± 57) %, (176 ±41)%, (288±29)% ;P<0.01], and the other groups i. e. E7Pb + CpG,E7Pc +CpG and CpG groups all proliferated much higher than those in blank control group with statistic signification (P<0. 05), but there was no significant difference between groups(P>0.05);the LDH delivery assay showed that when the ratio of E:T was 100:1, the activity of CTL in the E7Pa + CpG group was most powerful than the other groups with statistic signification (P<0. 01). Meanwhile, the ratio of E:T was concentration-dependent. Compared E7Pb + CpG, E7Pc + CpG or CpG groups with blank control group, there were significantly difference(P<0. 05) ,while there was no significant difference between groups(P >0. 05). The mRNA levels of interferon γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2) in tumor tissue and peripheral blood in E7Pa + CpG group were significantly higher than those in blank control group (P<0. 01), which was the similar results when compared E7Pb + CpG, E7Pc + CpG or CpG groups with control group (P < 0. 05), and without significant difference between groups(P > 0. 05). The tumor volumes were suppressed obviously in all the experiment groups, especially at the 60th days, the volumes in ETPa + CpG group were much smaller than that in blank control group with statistic signification (P < 0. 01),which was the similar results that E7Pb + CpG, E7Pc + CpG or CpG groups had difference than blank control group with statistic signification (P < 0. 05), and without significant difference between groups(P >0. 05). Conclusion The HPV16 E7 peptide target at TAP combination with CpG as a vaccine could treat effectively the HPV16 E7 positive tumor in experiment.