Objective　An animal model in which rats were subjected to 20% TBSA Ⅲ degree burns combined with injection of LPS(1mg/kg B.M.)was used for this experiment.Dynamic changes of platelet-activating factor(PAF),tumor necrosis factor(TNF),xanthine oxidase(XO) and melondialdehyde(MDA) in the intestinal tissue were measured to investigate mechanism and characteristics of the intestinal mucosal damage. The results showed a series of early pathogenic changes in the intestinl mucosa were founded,level of intestinal tissue PAF, XO and MDA level in BCEG was higher than that of any other groups at most times, XO and MDA was more positively correlated with PAF respecively after burns combined with endotoxin injection (P<0.005,P<0.001)，during the peak phase of PAF, intestinal mucosal damage was more evident. It suggests there is synergistic effect on the early intestinal mucosal damage due to activation of mucosal cells,release of PAF and TNF, activation of intestinal epithelial XO, production of free radicals and strengthenment of lipoperoxidation after burns combined with endotoxemia

Female Kunming mice (6-8 weeks old) were exposed to total body irradiation by of 6?10 4V/m EMP(electromagnetic pulse, EMP) for five times in 6-8th day of gestation(post pregnant irradiation), or became pregnant within 14 days (early conception after irradiation), or 14-28 days (late conception after irradiation) after irradiation. Pregnant mice were killed at 18th day. Teratological markers were analysed to evaluate the effect of EMP irradiation on pregnancy and offspring. The results showed that EMP irradiation caused no significant changes in maternal body weight gains, most of organ weight and organ/body weight ratio. But it caused significant shortening of tail length of live foetus. The offspring sex ratio was decreased after post pregnant irradiation and early conception after irradiation. Body weight was decreased in the early and late conception after irradiation. EMP irradiation also resulted in a significant increase in fetal death rate and embryo absorption rate compared with control group, especially in the late conception group, which was increased 5 2 and 3 8 times respectively. The results suggested that EMP irradiation exerted certain effects on pregnancy and offspring development in both pre pregnant and post pregnant female mice.

One of significant characteristics of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time of flight mass spectrometry ( MALD-TOF/TOF ) high-energy collision induced dissociation ( CID ) is to produce abundant immonium ( IM ) ions that can offer a wealth of information for peptide composition. However, MALDI-TOF/TOF is generally used for routine protein identification based on database search or de novo sequencing combined with chemical derivation. Consequently, the characteristics of IM ions may not be fully explored and utilized. Here, a total of 239 MS/MS spectra are used to explore the fragmentation features of IM ions with MALDI TOF/TOF spectrometry and their application for peptide identification. IM ion signals can be observed for 14 kinds of amino acids including histidine etc with a positive rate of more than 50%. We have found that the chemical nature of the amino acids and position effects are the two main factors that affect the intensity of fragment ions. In addition, false positive IM ions are mainly derived from Arg, Lys, Leu and Ile residues or mixture peptides. Besides the compositional information, partial sequence information can also be obtained by a comparison of the relative intensity of IM ions. These findings are helpful when performing manual interpretations and could be useful for improving current peptide search algorithms.

Objective To explore the transcription pattern of ND1, ND2 and mtTFA gene in the myocardial cells and intestinal epithelial cells of rats after hemorrhagic shock. Methods Total RNA of myocardial cells and intestinal epithelial cells in rats were extracted after hemorrhagic shock. ND1, ND2, and mtTFA gene transcription levels were measured by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR). Results During the period from 1 to 2 h after hemorrhagic shock, the ND1 gene transcription levels in myocardial cells in the hemorrhagic shock groups were higher than that in the normal control group, but the levels in intestinal epithelial cells were lower than that in the normal control group. The pattern for the changes of ND2 gene transcription in myocardial cells and intestinal epithelial cells was basically similar. Conclusion There might exist certain tissue differences in the changes of ND1 gene transcripts in myocardial cells and intestinal epithelial cells of rats with hypoxic and ischemic damage.

Objective To explore the patterns and features of biological effects of ?-ray irradiation combined with microwave on the mouse hematopoietic system, and to provide theoretical and experimental basis for understanding the possible mechanism of the bone marrow injury caused by the combined action of microwave and ?-ray irradiation. Methods 216 healthy KM mice were randomly divided into the following four groups: normal control, microwave (S frequency range, 50mW/cm~2), ?-ray irradiation (5.5Gy), microwave combined ?-ray radiation (5.5Gy + 50mW/cm~2). They were sacrificed at 6h, 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 90 and 180 days after radiation, respectively, then the histological and ultrastructural changes in the bone marrow and the peripheral hemogram were observed. Results Histopathological changes: the bone marrow appeared to be obviously injured either by radiation or microwave exposure, characterized by undergoing four phases, namely apoptosis-necrosis, void, regeneration and recovery phase. However, the pathological changes were more obvious and the recovery was slower in microwave combined ?-ray radiation group. Peripheral hemogram: the numbers of leucocytes, erythrocytes and platelets, and the content of hemoglobin decreased in both ?-ray irradiation group and microwave combined ?-ray radiation group, and the decrease in microwave combined radiation group was more remarkable. Ultrastructure: the bone marrow hematopoietic cells underwent obvious degeneration, apoptosis and necrosis in microwave combined ?-ray radiation group especially at 6 hours after radiation. Conclusion ?-ray combined with microwave could induce hematopoietic dysfunction and pathomorphological changes in hematopoietic organ, which were mainly caused by ?-ray, and the changes were aggravated.

By using the high resolution mass spectrometer TripleTOF 5600 , three kinds of standard proteins including bovine serum albumin ( BSA) , ovalbumin ( OVA) and lysozyme C( LYZC) were analyzed, and the correlationship between the ion intensity of mass spectrometry and the relative content of protein sample was investigated. The protein samples were digested by trypsion and diluted to 1-1024 fmol in 7 μL. The ion counts per second ( cps) were used to stand for the amounts of proteins and peptides. Then the correlation between sum of ion intensity ( cps) of all the peptides, number of peptides detected and the amount of proteins was investigated. By comparing the change of values of the same sample in three parallel experiments, a linear relationship between these indexes and the amount of proteins within 1-1024 fmol was found when the cps was more than 1000. Usually, the maximal ion intensity was no more than 1. 5 times of the minimum value for same peptide in triplicate experiments, which suggested that the 3 times or more change of ion intensity was the minimum threshold to determine the differences of proteins amounts in different samples. This study provides a relative quantitative analysis method using qualitative data of high resolution and high scan speed mass spectrometry, which can quickly and easily provide reference for biological and medical research.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of rhIL-11 and rhG-CSF on mouse bone marrow injury induced by neutron irradiation.Methods 130 male BALB/c mice were irradiated by 3.0 Gy neutron and mice peripheral blood cells,bone marrow pathological changes,bone marrow nucleated cell counts,AgNOR content,apoptosis and necrosis rates and Bax protein content were observed by means of blood cells automatic analyzer,HE staining,AgNOR staining,flow cytometry,immunohistochemistry staining and image analysis.Results In the irradiation group and the rhIL-11 group,the mice peripheral blood white blood cells,bone marrow nucleated cell counts and AgNOR content was decreased progressively.The Bax protein was positively or strongly positively expressed in the cytoplasm of the hematopoietic cells and the Bax protein content was increased progressively at 6 h,1 d,3 d after irradiation.In the irradiation group,the rates of apoptosis and necrosis in the mice hematopoietic cells were greatly increased and that of necrosis was significant at 6 h after irradiation.In the rhIL-11 + rhG-CSF group,the counts of bone marrow nucleated cell and AgNOR were increased and the Bax protein content was decreased at 3 d after irradiation,while in the rhIL-11 group,the indexes mentioned above were not obviously different compared with those of the irradiation group.Conclusions The mice bone marrow hematopoietic function is seriously damaged by 3.0 Gy neutron irradiation,rhIL-11 and rhG-CSF could improve the mice hernatopoietic function after neutron irradiation,and combination of them is more effective to stimulate the hematopoitic function than either of them alone.

Early diagnosis and intervention is an important way to delay the progress of Alzheimer′s disease (AD).Compared with cerebrospinal fluid, blood sampling is not invasive and easy to be obtained in clinic practice.In this study, the serum samples of 9 controls, 10 AD and 12 mild cognitive dysfunction (MCI) patients were analyzed and compared through one by one analysis to screen potential markers for AD diagnosis.The experimental results showed that VGFYESDVMGR of α-2-macroglobulin peptide was closely related to the late stage of AD disease, and the large amount degradation of apolipoprotein C-Ⅲ, histone H1.2 and histone H1.4 was significantly related to early stages of AD progression.The characteristics of serum peptidome were different for the early and late AD, and these four proteins may be used as potential biomarkers of AD disease.In addition, the obvious ladder sequence characteristic was observed for apolipoprotein C-Ⅲ and histone H1, which could partly explain why the peptides distribution in different samples was somewhat contingent.On the contrary, the distribution at protein level was more stable.Finally, it was confirmed that the peptides of proteins such as fibrinogen α-chain, thymosin β-4 and patchy proteins were the dominant peptides in all serum samples.Overall, this study showed that the method of using serum peptidomics to diagnose AD was possible.The results may provide evidence and references for the large-scale clinical validation of AD.

Objective To explore the protective effects of a new military functional food NB-5 on psychological stress-induced oxidative stress .Methods Rat whiskers were completely removed to induce the oxidative stress , and the concen-trations of MDA and protein carbonyl in various organs were detected to study the damage to membrane lipid and protein . Rats were fed with NB-5 for 4 weeks, and the oxidative stress was induced by whisker cutting .Biochemical marks men-tioned above were detected to explore the protective effects of NB-5.Results and Conclusion Lipid and protein peroxida-tion occurred in the brain , heart, liver, spleen and kidney after whisker removal due to emotional stress , while the catalase ( CAT) activity decreased significantly in these organs except the spleen .In this experiment model , NB-5 showed a good free radical scavenging activity to reduce the lipid and protein peroxidation among whisker -cutting rats fed with NB-5 in ad-vance.So NB-5 can serve as a good food for soldiers in case of emergency incidents .

Objective To investigate the adverse effect of different doses of high power microwave(HPM) irradiation on oxidative stress in the brain of Wistar rats in order to contribute to establishing an animal model to evaluate protective agents which will be used for protection against microwave radiation.Methods Eighty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 16 groups according to factor analysis.The average power density was 0,10,30 and 100 mW/cm2 and the sampling time was 6 h,1,3 and 7 d .The duration of exposure was 6 minutes for each radiation group.After exposure, the rats were sacrificed at each sampling time.Colorimetric method was used to measure the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) and protein carbonyl, the activity of GSH-px, SOD and CAT.Results The content of MDA and protein carbonyl of each radiation group was increased with the radiation dose, but decreased with the sampling time prolonged.The activity of superoxide dismutast(SOD),glutathion peroxidase(GSH-px) and catalase(CAT) in each radiation group was decreased with the radiation dose increased, and with the sampling time prolonged, but increased later.Conclusion Microwave radiation can cause oxidative stress in rats brain, as shown by the oxidative damage of lipid and protein and the decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes.Besides, the effect also depends on the radiation dose and sampling time.