It hopes to offer help for acupuncture teaching and sci-research by summing up 10 aspects of studying space pattern of acupoints structure and risk acupoints depth,acupoints form solid structure,acupoints inclusion—immunohistochemical and molecular biology of multi-enzyme,acupoints CT scanning picture anatomy,weak irradiance path of channels,acupoints structure,acupoints acupuncture principle and clinical application,acupuncture acupoints medical engineering,and setting up Chinese characteristic series of new anatomy disciplines.

To study the effect of the electroacupuncture and Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) on the regeneration of the rat's injured sciatic nerve.

BACKGROUND:The three-dimensional structure of acupoint anatomy was integrated into the teaching of acupuncture manipulation. Combined with the implementation and application of the acupuncture and moxibustion in digital virtual human, it can greatly improve the teaching effect and learning interest. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the acupuncture virtual human with integration of virtual reality force feedback technology and tissue deformation. METHODS:Using virtual reality technology, with computer as the core, we generated a specific range of virtual environment with realistic visual, auditory and tactile integration, col ected clinical expert acupuncture technique, matched the sensing equipment that can reflect the intensity, displacement and speed sensing of acupuncture. Based on image segmentation of virtual human, we constructed human tissue mechanics model, built virtual acupuncture-force-feedback system, and faithful y transmitted to the operator by a force feedback device. On one hand, based on VOXEL-MAN virtual human development platform, we finished the three-dimensional browser redevelopment of the science of acupuncture and moxibustion of Shu acupoint, which provided visual perception for people. On the other hand, based on modern biomechanics theory, we established models by graphics and image processing technology and force feedback technology. The stress process of the structure of each layer in the acupuncture point area was given to people in a sense of touch by the manner of virtual reality and force feedback. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:With the man-machine interactive operation platform of virtual acupuncture force feedback system, operator could see the dynamic process of acupuncture needle into human body, and could feel the real counterforce in the control terminal of force feedback instrument. By operating acupuncture needle in virtual environment of force feedback instrument, acupuncture was performed in virtual human. The system meets the two requirements:the feedback changes produced by tissue interaction were similar to real acupuncture feedback force data measured by instrument. The acupuncture needle entered into different tissues, a sense of power changed significantly;there was progressive feeling with different layers, reaching a realistic experience. During the whole training, the image was smooth;virtual needle was responsive, which better meets the requirements of virtual reality.

BACKGROUND:Based on the integration of virtual reality technology with acupoints, acupuncture can be expressed three-dimensional y.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the structure of points through reconstructing digitalized three-dimensional visualization of Neiguan (PC6) structure based on VOXEL-MAN and Micro-XCT.
METHODS:Muscles and other tissues adjacent with Neiguan (PC6) were segmented and merged based on the VOXEL-MAN system combined with the anatomical knowledge of acupoints;nerves and blood vessels were performed with three-dimensional reconstruction;the needle-inserting animation of Neiguan (PC6) was obtained by running script file. Three-dimensional visualization and virtual needle-inserting researches of Neiguan (PC6) were performed. Nature of the acupoints was detected by the Micro-XCT-200 machine additional y.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The visualization of the anatomical structure of local Neiguan (PC6) was completed, and the localization and expression of Neiguan (PC6) in the digitized virtual human were realized. The Neiguan (PC6) structure was researched with Micro-XCT-200, and showed there was no new tissue. Local three-dimensional reconstruction of the acupoint structure could help to display the anatomical structure of acupoints and simulate the acupuncture process. It could also help to observe the relationship between the needle body and the surrounding tissues during needle-inserting, which supplying a good basis not only for exploring the security of needle-inserting, but also for improving the clinical effect of acupuncture. The research on the structure of acupoint Neiguan (PC6) by Micro-XCT-200 provides further experimental evidence for the hypothesis of three-dimensional acupoint.

Objective To observe the effects of electroacupuncture on the expressions of autophagy related protein Beclin-1 and apoptosis related protein p53 of hippocampus in rats;To explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture on Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods The rats were randomly divided into the normal group, the sham-operation group, the model group, and the electroacupuncture treatment group. “Baihui” and “Yongquan” points were taken for electroacupuncture treatment and the treatment course was 7 days. The rats were treated once a day for 4 courses. Changes in morphology and number of Nissl positive cells were examined by Nissl staining in hippocampal CA1 regions. Expressions of Beclin-1 and p53 protein were determined by Western blot analysis.Results Number of Nissl positive cells in CA1 region of the model group was significantly less than that of normal group (P<0.01). After electroacupuncture treatment, number of pyramidal cells and expression of Nissl body significantly increased (P<0.05). Expression of Beclin-1 decreased, while expression of p53 increased in the hippocampus of the model group, compared with that in the normal group (P<0.05). However, electroacupuncture treatment could significantly upregulate the expression of Beclin-1 protein (P<0.01), but downregulate the level of p53 (P<0.05).Conclusion Electro-acupuncture treatment could fight against Aβ-induced neuronal apoptosis, and improve the morphological changes of AD’s hippocampus.

Objective To explore the mechanism of icariin mediating migration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in rat bone marrow. Methods MSC proliferation was detected by CCK-8 test. Cell apoptosis was examined with Hoechst33342 staining after the establishment of cellular oxygen and glucose deprivation model. The protein expressions of CXCR4, the receptor of SDF-1, in the surface of MSC after stimulated by icariin were detected through Western blot. The migration of MSC was observed by Transwell chemotaxis assay. Results 0.01μmol/L, 0.1μmol/L and 1μmol/L of icariin could significantly promote the proliferation of MSC, while 10μmol/L of icariin inhibited the proliferation of MSC. After treatment of oxygen and glucose deprivation in vitro, 0.1μmol/L and 1μmol/L of icariin could inhibit the apoptosis of MSC. Icariin could not only improve the expression of CXCR4 in MSC, but also increase the number of transmembrane migrated MSC. After the addition of CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100, there was no significant difference in the number of cell migration among the different groups. Conclusion Icariin with appropriate concentration can promote the proliferation, survival and migration of MSC. SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of MSC migration by icariin.

Objective To explore the effects of electroacupuncture on brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) of rats with sciatic nerve injury (SNI); To discuss its biological mechanism for treatment of SNI. Methods Fifty adult male Wistar rats were chosen, and the sciatic nerves of rats were cut off and pulled on both sides of the cut ends into nerve regeneration chamber. The rats were randomly divided into normal group, sham-operation group, model group, and electroacupuncture group. In the electroacupuncture group, the rats were treated by electroacupuncture for 28 days. After the treatment, the nerve regeneration was observed through HE staining. Immunofluorescence was used to analyze the expression changes of BDNF in the nerve tissue and spinal cord. ELISA was used to observe the changes of expression of serum BDNF. Results The amount of axon regeneration in the electroacupuncture group was obviously more than that in the model group, and the outline of the tissue more clear. Electroacupuncture could promote the expression of BDNF in the nerve, spinal cord and serum of SNI of rats compared with model group (P<0.01). Conclusion Electroacupuncture can promote the repairment and regeneration of SNI in rats by upregulating the expression of BDNF.

Objective To explore the protective effects of electro-acupuncture (EA) serum onβ-amyloid protein (Aβ) induced primary rat hippcampal neurons. Methods The rat models of Alzheimer's disease were established by intracerebral injection of Aβ1-40. After treated them with EA, the serum was harvested. Primary cultured hippocampal neurons were treated with Aβ25-35 to establish neuronal damage model in vitro, and divided into normal group, model group and EA serum group. The proliferation of neurons was detected by MTT test. Neuronal apoptosis was examined by TUNEL staining, and expression of cysteine aspartic acid proteases-3 (Caspase-3) was detected by immunocytochemical staining. Results MTT test showed that the cell viability was significantly decreased after treated with Aβ. While compared with the model group, cell proliferation of EA serum group was significantly enhanced (P<0.01). TUNEL staining showed that the number of apoptotic cells in EA serum group decreased significantly compared with the model group (P<0.01). After 48 h of Aβ treatment, Caspase-3 expression levels were significantly elevated. However, compared with the model group, the number of Caspase-3 positive cells in EA serum group was significantly reduced (P<0.01). Conclusion The EA serum could promote the proliferation of hippocampal neurons, reduce the expression of Caspase-3, counteract the neurotoxicity of β-amyloid protein, and reduce neuronal apoptosis.

Post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD) is a serious psychiatric disorder when someone suffered from a major trauma, next followed by sleep disorder, emotional and cognitive disorder and other symptoms. Over the past few decades, many stress rodents models have been developed for searching the potential pathophysiological pathways of PTSD. All models showed PTSD-like symptoms, but none of them could manifestate all the symptoms and biological changes of PTSD completely. Thus, this article makes a brief summary about the PTSD models commonly used in recent years.