Objective To study effects of raloxifene (RLX) with different doses of conjugated equine estrogen(CEE) on prothrombotic profiles in the ovariectomized rats model.Methods Total of 32healthy female SD rats at age of 9 to 10 months were equally divided into every 8 rats at 4 groups randomly.One week after ovariectomized,they were treated by drugs,including control group with placebo(0.9％ Nacl intragastric administration),RLX group with RLX 6 mg/(kg · d),RLX and low CEE group with RLX 6 mg/(kg · d) + CEE 0.07 mg/(kg · d)and RLX and high CEE group with RLX 6 mg/(kg · d) + CEE 0.5mg/(kg· d)for 10 weeks before death.Thrombin turbidimetry method was used to evaluate the plasma fibrinogen(FIB),transmitting substrate method for antithrombin Ⅲ (AT Ⅲ) activity,double-antibody sandwich ELISA for plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1),D-dimer (D-D) and yon Willebrand factor (vWF) and nitrate reductase method for nitric oxide(NO).Results (1) Coagulation and anticoagulation indicators:it was observed (1.62 ± 0.22) g/L FIB at control group,(2.02 0.54) g/L at RLX group,(1.97 ±0.16) g/L at RLX and low CEE group,(2.00 0.18) g/L at RLX and high CEE group.There was a statistically significant difference between control group and any one of treatment groups(P ＜ 0.05) and no statistical significance among those three treatment groups (P ＞ 0.05).No significant change was observed in plasma AT Ⅲ activity among groups (P ＞ 0.05).(2) Fibrinolytic and anti-fibrinolytic indicators:it was observed (14.1 2.8) μg/L PAI-1 at control group,(20.0 ±3.3) μg/L at RLX group,(41.5 ±5.5) μg/L at RLX and low CEE group,(38.9 ± 6.0) μg/L at RLX and high CEE group.A remarkable increase was observed between control group and any one of treatment groups(P ＜0.05).But there was no significant difference of D-D among groups (P ＞ 0.05).(3) Endothelial function:it was (43 ± 7) ％ vWF at control group,(49±5)％ at RLX group,(46±6)％ at RLX and low CEE group,(36±5)％ at RLX and high CEE group.The vWF of RLX and high CEE group was the lowest among all groups (P ＜0.05).There was no difference of NO among groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions In the different links of thrombosis,RLX gives different fuction and may increase the risk.CEE plays a synergism role in the matter of fibrinolysis and anti-fibrinolysis with RLX,further giving rise to thrombosis effect of RLX.And it also has a protective role in the function of vascular endothelium to some extent.But this only works with high dose.

Objective To observe the effects of menopause on prothrombotic profiles in ovariectomized rats .Methods Thirty two healthy female SD rats of 9 to 10 months were divided into 4 groups, the control shamed and the observation groups ovariectomized .Rats in the baseline group and the early menopause group were sacrificed one week later , and the control and late menopause group 10 weeks later.The prothrombotic profiles were detected including plasma FIB , ATⅢ activity, PAI-1 levels, D-D level, vWF levels and NO concentration, TXA2 and PGI2 levels.Results In early menopause, plasma FIB increased dramatically while ATⅢactivity remained lit-tle changed.PAI-1 demonstrated an increasing trend .vWF significantly increased but NO significantly decreased .In later menopausal stage, PAI-1 increased dramatically but FIB somewhat decreased .Plasma ATⅢactivity significantly increased and vWF still remained a high level.NO increased a little.In both early and later stage, TXA2 and PGI2 simultaneously increased while D -D showed little change between groups .Conclusion Menopause plays different roles in different aspects of thromoembolism , resulting in increased risk in early menopause due to prothrombotic state and decreased risk in later menopause when new balances between profiles were established .

Bone Diseases ; complications ; pathology ; Bone Diseases, Infectious ; complications ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; complications ; microbiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Necrosis ; Osteomyelitis ; complications

The process mechanism and current application status of boron removal in reverse osmosis(RO)desalination were introduced.The characteristic and proper application range of eachboron removal process was summarized.Also,the running conditions of two practical desalination cases were analyzed and compared.Eventually,the future of application and the research direction of boron removal process in RO desalination were prospected.

OBJECTIVEThrough orthodontic tooth movement in the pregnant and non-pregnant rats, to investigate the osteopontin (OPN) mRNA expression pattern in the periodontal tissues, and to probe its possible roles in orthodontic periodontal remodeling.

METHODSFixed appliances were used to mesially move the rats' maxillary first molars. In situ hybridization method was used to detect the expression changes of OPN mRNA in periodontal tissues.

RESULTSCompared to the non-pregnant rats, the expression of OPN mRNA in periodontal cells of the pregnant rats was more intensive. During the gestational period, the expression intensity had significant difference at different pregnant stages. The highest expressions occurred at the mid-pregnant stage, less at the late-stage and lest at the early-stage.

CONCLUSIONUnder the pregnant state, the expression of OPN mRNA in periodontal tissues may be up-regulated by increased serum progesterone level.

Animals ; In Situ Hybridization ; Male ; Molar ; Osteopontin ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tooth Movement Techniques

UNLABELLEDOBJECTIVE This study aims to construct a chitosan (CS)-polycaprolactone (PCL)-hydroxyapatite (HA) composite biomimetic scaffold to replace condyle and to explore the tissue engineering applications of condylar.

METHODSA resin mold of the mandibular condyle was prepared by using rapid prototyping techniques. A mandibular condylar integrated biomimetic scaffold model was prepared by solution casting-ice Lek. PCL and CS were mixed at a ratio of 4:1. HA at quality ratios of 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% was added to groups a, b, c, and d, respectively. The microscopic morphology, porosity, infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction pattern, and mechanical properties of the scaffold were observed.

RESULTSThe scaffold that includes both upper and lower parts displayed the same features (i.e., shape, yellow-white appearance, and hard texture) as the mandibular condyle. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the composite scaffold had a 3D network spatial structure, 70%-85% porosity, and 10-200 µm pore size. Infrared spectra showed that the peak intensity reduced with decreasing HA content. X-ray diffraction showed that the diffraction peak decreased with increasing HA content. Suitable tensile and compressive and flexural strength were discovered in the presence of 50% HA.

CONCLUSIONThe scaffold prepared by solution casting-ice Lek shows favorable comprehensive features and is expected to replace human condylar.

Chitosan ; Durapatite ; Hardness ; Humans ; Mandible ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Polyesters ; Porosity ; Tissue Engineering ; Tissue Scaffolds ; X-Ray Diffraction

Objective: To examine the relationship between clustering of metabolic disorders and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in hypertensive children and adolescents, and to provide the reference for preventing the damage to their heart structure. Methods: Based on the data from the Twelfth Five-year National Science and Technology Support Program “Early Warning, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease in Children” from September 2012 to September 2014 in Jinan, 261 children and adolescents aged 6-17 years whose hypertensive status was confirmed based on appearance of elevated blood pressure across three different occasions were included. Covariance analysis was used to analyze the relationship of clustering of metabolic disorders with left ventricular mass index levels. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to examine the relationship of clustering of metabolic disorders with LVH. Results: After adjustment for sex, age and blood pressure, LVMI levels were (33.21±1.85) (38.57±1.19) and (43.00±1.63)g/m2.7, respectively, for hypertensive children and adolescents carrying 0, 1 and ≥2 metabolic disorders; LVMI levels increased with the number of metabolic disorders in hypertensive children and adolescents (P<0.01). Compared with the hypertensive children and adolescents without any metabolic disorders, the risk for LVH increased in ones carrying 1 and ≥2 metabolic disorders, the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were 2.41(1.11-5.23) and 4.69(2.05-10.74), respectively. Conclusion The clustering of metabolic disorders was positively correlated with the LVMI levels and risk of LVH in hypertensive children and adolescents. Therefore, to prevent cardiac damage such as LVH in hypertensive children and adolescents, it is important to prevent and control metabolic disorders comprehensively.

Objective To study the neuroprotective effect of erythropoietin(EPO) on neonatal rats model with hypoxia-ischemia encephalopathy(HIE).Methods HIE was induced in rats on 7th day of postnatal age by ligation of right common carotid artery,followed by 2 h of hypoxia(80 mL/L O2).The subjects were divided into sham-operated group,control group and EPO group.EPO 4 000 U/(kg?day) was injected daily from day 2 pre-surgery for 9 to 16 days and PBS was injected in the control group.The neuroprotective effect of EPO on HIE model was detected by brain weight,the difference in weights between the ipsilateral(right) and contralateral(left) brain and the function test.In vitro study,the neural progenitor cell line C17.2 under gone apoptosis following an ischemia-like metabolic inhibition.The effect of EPO on the cell line ischemia modle 17.2 was evaluated by detecting Annexin V with flow cytometry.Results The signi-ficant and sustained brain injury in the hypoxia-ischemia and vehicle-treated group was observed and measured by reduction in relative weights of ipsilateral to contralateral and compromised sensorimotor functions in response to postural reflex test,compared with those of sham-operated animals(Pa

Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Cerebral Arterial Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Cerebral Arteries ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Renal Artery ; diagnostic imaging ; Renal Artery Obstruction ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Risk Factors ; Stents ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of kneepad on expression of Bcl-2 and p53 mRNA of chondrocyte in white rabbits with knee osteoarthritis, so as to explore and treatment mechanism of OA kneepad on apoptosis of chondrocytes of rabbits with knee osteoarthritis in molecular degree.

METHODSForty-four Japanese healthy 6-month-old rabbits (equal male and female,the weight ranging from 2 to 2.2 kg) were used to establish knee osteoarthritis models by modified Hulth method. The rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups: normal group, model group, control group (microwave), experimental group 1 (electricity), experimental group 2 (thermal), experimental group 3 (kneepad). Ten rabbits in the normal group were breed with conventional method; 9 rabbits in the model group were breed with conventional method after model made; 9 rabbits in the control group were treated with microwave for 30 minutes, one time daily; 9 rabbits in the experimental group 1 were treated with electricity (density wave) for 30 minutes,one time daily;8 rabbits in the experimental group 2 were treated with hot (hot soft membrane) for 30 minutes, one time daily; 9 rabbits in the experiment group 3 were treated with electrothermal (OA knee pad) for 30 minutes, one time daily. All the rabbits were treated for 16 weeks and then sacrificed. The expressions of Bcl-2 and p53 mRNA of chondrocytes in knee joint were detected by using fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR method.

RESULTSAt the 16 hthek,th e OD260/OD280 value range of total RNA extracted from rabbit articular cartilage tissue in each group were all at 1.80 to 2.00,wh ich indicates high RNA purity. The p53 relative mRNA in articular cartilage cells of model group,th e control group,th e experimental group 1 ,r oup 2,gr oup 3 were overexpressed,an d Belc2 mRNA expression levels of articular cartilage cells were low expression,an d compared with the normal group there were significant differences (P < 0.01). Belc2, p53 mRNA expression in articular cartilage cells,th ere were significant differences (P < 0.01) between the control group, experimental group 1, group 2, group 3 and model group. The results between the control group, experimental group 1 ,group 2 and group 3 had significant differences (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONOA-kneepad can up-regulate the mRNA expression of Bcl-2 as well as down-regulate the mRNA expression of p53, thereby to inhibit the apoptosis of cartilage cells and delay the degeneration of articular cartilage changes.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; physiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Knee Joint ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; genetics ; pathology ; therapy ; Protective Devices ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; genetics ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; genetics