Nipple-areola complex-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is a surgical procedure that allows the preservation of the skin and nipple-areola complex (NAC) in mastectomy. The use of NSM for breast cancer is still controversial. The appropriate standard for selecting patients with low risk of NAC involvement has not been well established. The clinicopathologicity characteristics of primary tumor (e.g., tumor-to-nipple distance, tumor location, tumor size, multicentricity, lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, grade, HER-2 status) have been reported to be associated with NAC involvement. Clinical evaluation of NAC, retroareolar tissue biopsy and evaluation of clinicopathologic characteristics of primary tumor are helpful to patient selection in current clinical practice of NSM. Further studies are still needed to establish uniform selection criteria for NSM in breast cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE: To study the multi-residues detection methods for Astrgalus membranaceus by GC-MS/MS. METHODS: The extraction was performed by modified QuEChERS method, and then cleaned by PSA solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. The residue detection was carried out by GC-MS/MS, which could identify and quantify pesticide simultaneously. RESULTS: The analytical performance was validated by recovery experiments that were fortified at three levels for each pesticide. In general, the recoveries ranged from 70% to 120% and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were all less than 15%. The limits of detection (LODs) for most of the selected pesticides were below 0.01 mg · kg-1. CONCLUSION: The method shows high sensitivity, good repeatability and satisfactory cleaning-up excellence, which could be applied to the pesticide residue detection for Astrgalus Membranaceus. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

This paper aims to establish a method for the determination of sulfur dioxide in sulfur fumigation Chinese herbs. Sample powder and hydrochloric acid solution were isolated by paraffin layer in order to avoid early reactions, with the generation of sulfur dioxide, headspace with airtight needle was used to transfer sulfur dioxide into gas chromatograph, and detected with thermal conductivity detector. The analytical performance was demonstrated by the analysis of 12 herbs, spiked at four concentration levels. In general, the recoveries ranging from 70% to 110%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) within 15%, were obtained. The limit of detection (LOD) was below 10 mg x kg(-1). Standard addition can be used for low recovery samples. The method is simple, less time-consuming, specific and sensitive. Methods comparison revealed that gas chromatography is better than traditional titration in terms of method operability, accuracy and specificity, showing good application value.

Objective To isolate and purify pancreatic ductal epithelial cells in adult rats,and induce differentiation of pancreatic ductal epithelial cells to islets in vitro.Methods By retrograde in- jection of collagenase into biliary-pancreatic tract,pancreatic tissues were digested and different types of pancreatic cells including islets,duct and degranulated aicni cells were separated by means of density gradient centrifugation.Ductal cells were purified by adhering method and identified by immunocyto- chemistry stain of ductal epithelial cells maker antigen(Cytokeratin 19,CK-19).Ductal cells were ex- panded in RMPI 1640 with 10% FBS.About one week when most adherent ceils were of monolayer, the medium was changed to serum-free DMEM/F12 supplemented with keratinocyte growth factor (KGF)to further expand ductal epithelial cells.When ceils reached 80% confluence,nicotinamide and high concentration of glucose were added to promote differentiation of pancreatic ductal epithelial cells.Islets like-structure was stained by Dithizone.Results Irnmunocytochemistry stain of CK-19 re- vealed that most isolated ceils were ductal epithelial ceils.The cultured ductal epithelial cells began to adhere at day 1,reached 80% confluence and cell clones were formed at day 14-21.At day 28,islets- like-structure appeared and was positive for Dithizone staining.Conclusions Ductal epithelial cells of rats can be isolated by means of density gradient centrifugation and purified by adhering method.Duc- tal epithelial cells can differentiate into islets-like-structure in vitro.

This paper aims to establish a method for the determination of sulfur dioxide in sulfur fumigation Chinese herbs. Sample powder and hydrochloric acid solution were isolated by paraffin layer in order to avoid early reactions, with the generation of sulfur dioxide, headspace with airtight needle was used to transfer sulfur dioxide into gas chromatograph, and detected with thermal conductivity detector. The analytical performance was demonstrated by the analysis of 12 herbs, spiked at four concentration levels. In general, the recoveries ranging from 70% to 110%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) within 15%, were obtained. The limit of detection (LOD) was below 10 mg x kg(-1). Standard addition can be used for low recovery samples. The method is simple, less time-consuming, specific and sensitive. Methods comparison revealed that gas chromatography is better than traditional titration in terms of method operability, accuracy and specificity, showing good application value.
Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Fumigation ; Limit of Detection ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Sulfur ; chemistry ; Sulfur Dioxide ; analysis

The paper is to report the establishment of a method for the determination of multi-residue organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). Fifty-six pesticides were extracted by high-speed homogenization, and then purified through gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges. The residues were simultaneously identified and quantified by GC-ECD equipped with dual tower, dual column and two micro-ECD detectors. The analytical performance was demonstrated by the analysis of 3 TCMs samples' extracts, spiked at three concentration levels for each pesticide. In general, the recoveries ranging from 70% to 110%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) better than 15%, were obtained. The limit of detection (LOD) for most of the targeted pesticides tested was below 0.01 mg kg(-1). The method had good extraction efficiency, purification effect and good reproducibility, which could be applied to the determination of organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticide residues in the routine analysis of TCMs.

Objective To observe the effect of bacillus bifidus preparation on the prevention of gastrointestinal side effects in children with acute lymphocyte leukemia (ALL) during high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) chemotherapy.Methods One hundred and fifty-two ALL children were randomly assigned into 2 groups according to the suggestion of diagnosis and treatment of ALL in childhood.There were 76 patients in each group.In the treatment group,there were 46 male and 30 female,aged 2 to 13 years old (the median age was 8 years).While in the control group,there were 41 male and 35 female (the median age was 8.2 years).They were treated with the same chemotherapy schedule (HD-MTX),supportive therapies and infection preventive measures.ALL children in the treatment group were additionally given the bacillus bifidus preparation (one tablet for 2 to 6 years old,and two tablets for 7 to 15 years old,3 times daily),if their WBC was more than 2.0?109 L-1.Those in the control group were given vitamin B complex tablets (one tablet for 2 to 6 years old and two tablets for 7 to 15 years old,3 times daily).Results ALL children in treatment group had less diarrhea,abdominal pain,nausea and vomiting,or liver function impairment induced by chemotherapy than those in control group.However,the bacillus bifidus preparation had no significant effects on the symptoms of fever and oral mucosal erosions in the period of chemotherapy.Conclusion The bacillus bifidus preparation is clinically useful for the prevention of gastrointestinal side effects associated with HD-MTX chemotherapy.

The main treatment strategies for chronic pancreatitis in young patients include therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) intervention and surgical intervention. Therapeutic ERCP intervention is performed much more extensively for its minimally invasive nature, but a part of patients are referred to surgery at last. Historical and follow-up data of 21 young patients with chronic pancreatitis undergoing duodenum-preserving total pancreatic head resection were analyzed to evaluate the outcomes of therapeutic ERCP intervention and surgical intervention in this study. The surgical complications of repeated therapeutic ERCP intervention and surgical intervention were 38% and 19% respectively. During the first therapeutic ERCP intervention to surgical intervention, 2 patients developed diabetes, 5 patients developed steatorrhea, and 5 patients developed pancreatic type B pain. During the follow-up of surgical intervention, 1 new case of diabetes occurred, 1 case of steatorrhea recovered, and 4 cases of pancreatic type B pain were completely relieved. In a part of young patients with chronic pancreatitis, surgical intervention was more effective than therapeutic ERCP intervention on delaying the progression of the disease and relieving the symptoms.

OBJECTIVETo explore the therapeutic mechanism of Tiaoxin Recipe (TXR) and Bushen Recipe (BSR) in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD).

METHODSSixty patients with AD were divided into 3 groups according to their MMSE and ADL scores before treatment, using randomized block design. They were treated separately with TXR, BSR and Donepezil (Dp) for 12 weeks. The changes of MMSE score, ADL score, neuro-psychology amount table score, including FOM, RVR, DS and BD, as well as the overall operational evaluation before and after treatment were analyzed.

RESULTSThe recognition and daily life capacity of patients in the 3 groups were improved after treatment. MMSE score in the TXR group increased from 16.10 +/- 1.94 scores before treatment to 17.90 +/- 2.59 scores after treatment, in the BSR group, from 16.15 +/- 2.16 to 17.50 +/- 2.59, and in the Dp group, from 17.35 +/- 1.90 to 19.60 +/- 3.39, all showed significant difference (all P < 0.01). Change of ADL score showed that in TXR from 43.10 +/- 3.86 to 41.50 +/- 4.40, in the BSR group from 43.30 +/- 4.53 to 41.60 +/- 4.12 and in the Dp group, from 42.95 +/- 3.58 to 40.60 +/- 5.23, which also showed significant difference (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Moreover, increase of FOM, RVR and DS score was shown in the TXR and the Dp group, and increase of RVR and BD score was shown in the BSR group with significant difference in comparison of corresponding score before and after treatment, inter-groups comparison showed significant difference of FOM score between the BSR and the Dp group (P < 0.01). Overall operational evaluation (total effective rate) in the TXR group was 70%, in the BSR group 65% and in Dp group 75%, with no significant difference among them.

CONCLUSIONTXR and BSR are effective TCM drugs in treating AD.

Aged ; Alzheimer Disease ; drug therapy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy

AIM:To study a method for the determination of 13 N-methylcarbamate peticides in traditional Chinese herbal medicines(TCHMs).METHODS:Thirteen pesticides were extracted by acetonitrile,and purified through solid phase extraction(SPE)cartridges,then detected by HPLC with post-column derivatization and Fluorescense Detector excited wavelength was 330 nm,emissive wavelength was 465 nm.RESULTS:The analytical performance was demonstrated by the analysis of 6 TCHMs samples' extracts,spiked at three concentration levels for each pesticide.In general,the recoveries ranging from 74.1 to 108.8%,with relative standard deviations(RSDs)better than 15%,were obtained.The limit of quantification(LOD)of 13 pesticides from 0.000 3 to 0.06 mg/kg.CONCLUSION:The method has good extraction efficiency and purification effect,which could be standard of N-methylcarbamate peticides residues in the routine analysis of TCMs.