Mucin as an important member in gastrointestinal mucus layer has become the focus of research. Many studies suggested that MUC1 mucin is involved in the mechanism of Helicobacter pylori( Hp)infection. It is important to understand the relationship between MUC1 mucin and Hp for preventing Hp infection and gastric cancer. This article reviewed the relationship between MUC1 mucin and Hp.

Objective To study the association among gastric mucosal lesions caused by primary pathological duodenogastric reflux(DGR),H.pylori infection,and bile reflux.Methods Twenty-four hour intragastric bilirubin monitoring were performed on 58 patients with primary pathological DGR.The patients were divided into high reflux group(n=29)and lOW reflux group(n=29)based on the severity of bile reflux(＜23.60%).The association among gastric mucosal lesions,H.pylori infection,and bile reflux were analyzed.Results The positive rate of H.pylori infection was 20.7% (6/29)in high reflux group and 48.3%(14/29)in low reflux group(P＜0.05).The frequency of intestinal metaplasia in gastric antrum and angularis in high reflux group was higher than that in low reflux group(P＜0.05).The pathological scores of gastric antrum and angularis in H.pylori positive group and high reflux group were higher than those in H.pylori negative group and low reflux group (P＜0.05).The time percentage of bilirubin absorbance≥0.25 in H.pylori positive group was lower than that in negative group(P＜0.05),while the difference in short reflux frequency,long reflux frequency,longest reflux time,maximum,mean and median value of absorbance between H.pylori positive and negative groups showed no significant difference(P＞0.05).The time percentage of bilirubin absorbance≥0.25 was positively correlated with pathological scores of gastric antrum and angularis in both H.pylori positive and negative groups(P＜0.05),but was not correlated with that of gastric body(P＞0.05).Conclusions In patients with primary pathological DGR,excessive bile reflux is related to chronic lesion of gastric mucosa.regardless of H.pylori infection.Bile reflux may inhibit H.pylori to locate in gastric mucosa.H.pylori infection and bile reflux may co-contribute to gastric mucosal lesions.

Objective To observe the solo-allied expression of Survivin, Smad4/dpc4 and APC gene, and study the relationship between the three genes and biological behavior of colorectal cancer. Methods The expressions of Survivin, Smad4/dpc4 and APC gene were detected by SP immunohistochem-istry among the cases from 40 eu-intestine ,80 large intestinal adenoma and 80 CRC. Results The positive rate of survivin protein in the eu-intestine, the large intestinal adenoma and CRC was 0,35.0% ,75.0% , respectively. The positive rate of Smad4/dpc4 protein was 100% , 95. 0% , 78. 8% , and the positive rate of APC protein was 100% ,80.0% ,45.0% , respectively. In the eu-intestine, APC + Smad4/dpc4 Z- expressed in 40 cases, with the incidence of 100%. In the large intestinal adenoma, APC + Smad4 expressed in 38 patients, with the incidence of 47. 5% , and the three genes expressed in 29 patients with the incidence of 23. 8%. In the CRC, two genes expressed in 57 patients, with the incidence of 71. 3% , and three genes expressed in 28 patients, with the incidence of 35.0%. Conclusion The detection of survivin was a new indicator in early diagnosis of CRC. It was significant in the diagnosis of CRC that energetic search for the positive rate level realm of survivin. The catastrophe or absence of Smad4/dpc4 gene not only induced the genesis of CRC but also encouraged its growth. Smad4/dpc4 was ant- carcinomatous gene intimately correlated to the CRC. Detection of APC gene had very important significance, it could be helpful to conduct the research of tumorous aetiology, nosogenesis and early diagnosis. The allied detection of Survivin, Smad4/dpc4, APC gene played a very important role in early diagnosing and healing the CRC.

Objective: To improve the current understanding on the imaging features of pancreatic schwannoma. Methods: Clinical data of pancreatic schwannoma patients admitted in Changhai Hospital affiliated with Navy Medical University from January 1989 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, related literature on pancreatic schwannomas was retrieved through the Chinese and English database, and clinical and imaging features of pancreatic schwannoma were analyzed. Results: A total of 84 cases were analyzed, including 3 cases of pancreatic schwannomas in Changhai hospital, and 81 cases reported in the literature. The age of onset was 17-78 years old, with an average of 55 years. There were 30 males and 54 females. The main symptoms were abdominal pain or the detection of pancreatic mass via body check. Pancreatic schwannoma was mainly in pancreatic head, and the lesion has a long diameter of 1-18 cm with an average of 4.6 cm, which can be solid, cystic (most frequent) and cystic-solid. The border of the lesion from the normal tissue was clear, and semi-transparent capsule composed of neural external membrane and fiber were often found. 15 patients underwent endoscopic ultrasonography guided fine needle aspiration, and diagnostic accuracy was 73.3%(11/15). No typical findings for pancreatic schwannoma was detected on CT. MRI was performed in 35 cases, and 12 cases had complete data. The characteristics of target sign were tumor tissue in completely low signal at T₁WI, and in partially low signal and partially high signal at T₂WI, and completely opposite signal characteristics of T₂WI area after T₁ enhancement, referring to the finding that low T₂WI signal part was gradually enhanced to be high signal, but high signal part was not enhanced and in low signal. Conclusions Pancreatic schwannoma is rare, and its target signs by MRI have imaging features which can help to improve the preoperative diagnosis.

Transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) is a recently discovered gene,which is located on the chromosome 19 (19p12) and encodes a protein consisting of 351 amino acids.Presently,many studies have reported that the single-nucleotide polymorphism of TM6SF2 rs58542926 and plasma lipids are closely related to the incidence and development of diseases,such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD),cardiovascular disease (CVD),liver cancer,and hepatitis C.This review will summarize the research progress conducted in these areas.