A catalytic kinetic photometric method for the determination of nitrite with surfactant sensitizer has been developed. The method is based on the catalysis of NO2- to the discoloring reaction of pyronine B oxidized by potassium bromate in the solution of dilute H3PO4. When cetylpyridine bromide was used as a sensitizer of the reaction, the sensitivity increased by 2.5 times approximately. There was linear relationshop of lg(Ao/A) with nitrite in the range 0.005 ～ 0.15 mg/L. The detection limit was 0.004 mg/L. The method was used in the determination of trace nitrite in water and vegetable samples with satisfactory results.

Objective To establish the method for simultaneous determination of epimedium glycoside and other 4 kinds of active ingredients in Xianling Gubao Capsules by three wavelength switching method. Methods An Waters Atlantis T3 C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) was used with the mixture of acetonitrile-0.05％ formic acid solution as the mobile phase in gradient elution (0–5 min, 12％–20％ A; 5–15 min, 20％–55％ A; 15–35 min, 55％ A;35–55 min, 55％–76％ A; 55.1 min, 12％ A; 55.1–60 min, 12％ A). Detection wavelength was as follow: 0–30 min, 212 nm; 30–42 min, 246 nm; 42–60 min, 270 nm. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃. Results The calibration curves of asperosaponin Ⅵ, psoralen, angelicin, epimedin C, and icariin were in good linearity among the ranges of 101.6–3048 ng, 8.7–261 ng, 7.9–237 ng, 117.2–3516 ng, 78–2340 ng, respectively. In the instrument precision test, stability test, repeatability test, the RSD was less than 3％. The average recoveries were 99.83％, 100.35％, 100.59％, 100.60％, 99.72％, respectively, and all the RSD were less than 3％. Conclusion The method is sensitive, accurate, and separation effect is good, which can provide a basis for quality evaluation standard of Xianling Gubao Capsules.

To better understand the drugs, frequency and other factors involved in the drug-induced renal failure, 227 cases of renal failure reported in the Chinese medical and pharmaceutical journals were statistically analyzed. Our results showed that the drugs that tend to cause renal failure are antibiotics, involving 80 cases, followed by antituberculosis agents(38 eases)and dehydration agents. Gentamycin (47 cases) and rifrimactane(36 cases) were among the drugs with highest incidence. There were 58 cases of death due to drug-related renal failure.

Objective To review the concepts of three common scales assessing upper limbs function of children with cerebral palsy, namely Fine Motor Function Measure (FMFM), Melbourne Assessment 2 of Unilateral Upperlimb Function (MA2) and Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test (QUEST), from the framework of Chinese version of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Child and Youth Version (ICF-CY). Methods Concepts of each item from FMFM, MA2 and QUEST were extracted independently by a rehabilitation doctor and a therapist with professional experience more than three years, and then linked with ICF-CY category accord-ing to the linking rules. The distribution of concepts of each scale linking to ICF-CY categories was investigated. Results A total of 62 con-cepts were extracted from these three scales, and 403 linkages to various ICF-CY categories. Concepts from FMFM were the most linked with ICF-CY category among them, in which nearly two-thirds (134/204) concepts linked with the categories of Activity And Participation. Concepts from QUEST principally linked with the category of joint and arm-supporting in Body Function. Concepts from MA2 linked to category of cognition function which reflected motor accuracy 7 times and motor fluency 9 times (more than 50%of the total amount of link-ages). Conclusion FMFM mainly evaluates the activity and participation associated with upper limb function in children with cerebral palsy, and may be more applicable for younger children. MA2 mainly evaluates the accuracy and fluency of upperlimb movement. QUEST mainly evaluates body function especially the joint and supporting function of upper limbs.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of JIN’s three needle therapy plus rehabilitation in treating mental retardation (MR).Method Seventy-two MR patients were randomized into a treatment group of 37 cases and a control group of 35 cases. The control group was intervened by conventional rehabilitation training, while the treatment group was treated with JIN’s three needle therapy in addition to the rehabilitation training. The modified Chinese version of Gesell Developmental Schedules (GDS) was adopted to observe the improvements in gross and fine motor skills, language, social function and adaptability, and the clinical efficacies were compared between the two groups. Result In the treatment group, the adaptability, gross motor skills and fine motor skills scores were significantly changed after the intervention (P<0.05). In the control group, the gross and fine motor skills scores were significantly changed after the intervention (P<0.05). After the treatment, there were significant differences in comparing the gross and fine motor skills scores between the two groups (P<0.05). In the treatment group, the total effective rates were respectively 93.1% and 62.5% in the mild-moderate and severe-extremely severe patients, versus 76.9% and 44.4% in the control group. There was a significant difference in comparing the total effective rate in the mild-moderate patients between the two groups (P<0.05).Conclusion JIN’s three needle therapy plus rehabilitation is an effective approach, and it can significantly improve the gross and fine motor skills and adaptability in mild-moderate MR patients.

With Minglou Community Children's Rehabilitation Base as a case,which was jointly founded by tertiary specialized hospital and community health service center,the paper introduced how to use SWOT model to systematically analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the internal environment,opportunities and threats of external condition.Based on the analysis,the solutions,suggestions and policy of children's rehabilitation were proposed,providing reference for decision making to promote the community children's rehabilitation.

BACKGROUND:Fusion treatment for single segment cervical spondylosis can induce complications such as abnormal enlargement of range of motion in adjacent segments and degenerative manifestations. Recently, scholars began to explore and to use non-fusion technique to replace traditional fusion therapy. Cervical artificial disc replacement as a new anterior non-fusion program has been greatly used in the clinic, not only obtained good clinical therapeutic effects, but also made cervical vertebrae near physiological stability, delayed adjacent segment degeneration and reduced complications. ＜br> OBJECTIVE:To compare the clinical effects of the single level artificial disc replacement and the anterior cervical decompression and fusion for cervical spondylosis. ＜br> METHODS:A total of 59 patients with single segment cervical spondylosis, whose clinical signs and symptoms were accorded, were enrol ed from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China from May 2011 to May 2013. Imaging revealed that single segment of cervical disc degeneration compressed spinal cord or nerve root. Owing to different surgeries, these patients were divided into artificial disc replacement group (replacement group;n=32) and anterior cervical decompression and fusion group (fusion group;n=27). They were fol owed up at 5 days, 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment. Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores, neck pain, upper extremity pain visual analog scale scores were measured. The range of motion of the replacement segment and its effects on adjacent segments were observed. ＜br> RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The postoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores were improved compared with preoperative scores (P＜0.05), while Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores were decreased compared with preoperative scores (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences between two groups (P>0.05). Range of motion of the replacement segment after treatment was (11.6±3.0)° in the replacement group, showing no significant differences as compared with before surgery (8.8±2.7)° (P>0.05). No significant activity was found at 3 months after treatment in the fusion group. During fol ow-up, the range of motion in the adjacent segments was smal er in the replacement group than in the fusion group (P＜0.05). No significant difference in the range of motion in the adjacent segments was detected before and after treatment in the replacement group (P>0.05), but significant differences in the range of motion were detected before and after treatment in the fusion group (P＜0.05). The range of motion was apparently increased after treatment. These findings indicated that compared with the anterior cervical decompression and fusion, cervical artificial disc replacement can not only improve the clinical symptoms, restore nerve function, but also can keep the range of motion and stability of the cervical replacement segment. Moreover, it does not have impacts on the range of motion in the segments near to the surgical wound, and can effectively maintain cervical curvature.

Objective:To explore the short-term outcomes of a 3D printed trabecular block cage to assist posterior internal fixation for the treatment of patients with basilar invagination and atlantoaxial dislocation.Methods:Between June 2017 and February 2019, 12 patients with basilar invagination and atlantoaxial dislocation underwent atlantoaxial distraction and posterior internal fixation at Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital to Zhengzhou University. They were 5 males and 7 females, aged from 34 to 62 years (average, 45.6 years). 3D printed cages were inserted intraoperatively between the joints of the atlantoaxial lateral mass. The atlanto-dental interval interval (ADI), cervico-medullary angle (CMA) and distance from tip of the odontoid process to Chamberlain's line (DOCL) and the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scale were compared between preoperation and 12 months postoperation to observe the fusion of the joints of the atlantoaxial lateral mass.Results:Operation went on uneventfully in all the 12 patients. Operation time averaged 116.5 min (from 85 to 190 min), fluoroscopy frequency 9.4 times (from 6 to 21 times), and intraoperative bleeding 82.3 mL (from 50 to 210 mL). No such postoperative complications occurred as cerebrospinal leak, cerebral infarction, or breakage, displacement or loosening of implants. All patients were followed up for 18 to 42 months (mean, 26.3 months). Their preoperative JOA, ADI, CMA and DOCL [8.33±0.98, (8.66±1.64) mm, 119.63°±4.15° and (9.66±2.15) mm] were significantly improved to 14.17±1.03, (2.63±0.59) mm, 153.76°±7.88° and (2.07±0.69) mm ( P<0.05) at 12 months postoperation. Bony fusion was achieved in all the operative segments. Conclusion:In the treatment of patients with basilar invagination and atlantoaxial dislocation, a 3D-printed trabecular block cage can be used to assist posterior internal fixation to achieve satisfactory reduction and maintain the height of joint space, leading to satisfactory short-term outcomes.

Abstract In recent years, the overall incidence of scoliosis in children and adolescents in China is on the rise, and it has become the third largest "killer" affecting the health of children and adolescents in China after obesity and myopia. The dysfunction caused by spinal deformity has no obvious pathological manifestations or clinical symptoms in children and adolescents (except for severe scoliosis). It is easy to be ignored in the early stage, but if it is not intervened in time, this will cause serious damage to the long term prognosis and quality of life of the patients. Therefore, through early scoliosis screening, we can effectively monitor the spinal health status of children and adolescents in China, ensure timely diagnosis of the disease, timely intervention (brace and other conservative treatment), and play the role of early prevention. Avoid further deterioration of scoliosis and surgical intervention. This article will focus on the research progress of screening and conservative treatment of scoliosis.

Objective:To investigate the differences in incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after closed fracture of lower extremity between patients with different blood types ABO.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted in the 1, 951 patients who had been admitted to Department of Orthopaedics Trauma, Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University for lower extremity fractures from August 2014 to June 2018. They were 924 males and 1,027 females with a mean age of 63 (46, 78) years (range, from 16 to 102 years). Of them, 572 were type O, 564 type A, 609 type B and 206 type AB. Venous ultrasonography was performed on both lower extremities within 12 hours after admission. The incidences of DVT after fracture were compared between different blood types in all the patients, patients with proximal fracture of the knee, peri-knee fracture and distal fracture of the knee, and patients<60 years old and ≥60 years old.Results:The incidences of DVT were, respectively, 26.75% (153/572), 28.72% (162/564), 34.32% (209/609) and 29.61% (61/206) for patients with blood type O, type A, type B and type AB. The DVT incidence for type B was significantly higher than that for type O ( P< 0.008). The incidences of DVT were, respectively, 28.74% (98/341), 28.99% (100/345), 39.45% (144/365) and 30.97% (35/113) for blood type O, type A, type B and type AB in the patients with proximal fracture of the knee. The DVT incidence for blood type B was significantly higher than those for blood type O and blood type A ( P< 0.008). There were no significant differences in the DVT incidence between different blood types ABO in the patients with peri-knee fracture, distal fracture of the knee,<60 years old or ≥60 years old( P>0.05). The incidences of DVT were, respectively, 30.99% (97/313), 33.33% (108/324), 45.22% (156/345), 34.74% (33/95) for blood type O, type A, type B and type AB in the patients ≥60 years old. The DVT incidence for blood type B was significantly higher than those for blood type O and blood type A ( P< 0.008). Conclusions:The incidence of DVT varied with different blood types ABO after lower extremity fracture. The highest DVT incidence was found in patients with blood type B. The impact of blood type on the DVT incidence after lower extremity fracture was mainly observed in the patients with proximal fracture of the knee or an age of ≥ 60 years old.