In order to study the relationship between 5-HT and ischemic ventriculararrhythmia we observed the effects of exogenous 5-HT on MAP and ECG of rats withischemic myocardium. The conclusion was that: (1) 5-HT increased the number of VEand prolonged the duration of VT and VF in DVA phase of rats with ischemic myocar-dium. But it could not produced the ventricular arrhythmia on rats without ischemic my-ocardium。(2) The effects of 5-HT mentioned in (1) was attributed to decreased Vmaxand MAPA of ischemic myocardium by 5-HT but it was not due to prolongation ofMAPD.

BACKGROUND: Animal experimental studies have confirmed that cell transplantation, neurotrophic factor infusion or transplantation as well as other methods can alter the local environment of injured spinal cord and promote its partial function recovery.OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation for the treatment of the sequel of myelitis, and to explore whether it would promote the recovery of the spinal cord function.DESIGN: A non-randomized self-control study.SETTING: Ward of Second Department of Surgery of Taian Disabled Soldiers Hospital of Shandong Province.PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-two patients with obsolete myelitis, who come from all over China and suffered from disease for 0.5 to 7 years, admitted to our hospital between June 2004 and July 2007 were recruited in this study. The involved patients, including 21 males and 11 females, were aged 5-48 years. Their neurological functions were not obviously improved after various conventional treatments and limb function exercise. Meanwhile, various sensorimotors and autonomic nerve functional impairments were left. Among the patients, 18 suffered from acute viral myelitis, 8 from acute purulent myelitis and 6 from tuberculous myelitis. After onset, they were all given large doses of radiosonde,dexamethasone, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory drugs and various neurotrophic drugs. Twenty-six patients presented complete injury and six patients incomplete injury. Informed consent of treatment was obtained from each patient. The therapeutic protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the hospital. Embryonic olfactory bulbs were harvested from aborted embryo, which was donated voluntarily by the patients or their relatives.METHODS: Cells were isolated from embryonic olfactory bulbs, cultured and purified for 7 to 14 days, and finally they were digested into single-cell suspension. Under the surgical miscroscope, the cells were transplanted onto the regions which were above or below the spinal cord injury site. Two weeks to 2 months postoperatively, neurological function of spinal cord was assessed by using the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Scoring Standard formulated in 2000, and was compared to pre-operation function.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Sensory function change. ②Motor function change.RESULTS: Half a year to 2 years after olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation, the sensory and motor functions of 32 patients were all obviously improved (motor function: 55.72±10.50 vs. 51.53±13.41; light touch:69.53±11.68 vs.63.06±15.98; pain sense: 69.50±12.20 vs. 64.03±15.0, all P ＜ 0.01 ).CONCLUSION: Olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation can help to promote the neurological function recovery of patients with the sequel of myelitis. However, its long-term curative effect needs to be further investigated.

Objective To investigate the predictive factors of progressive motor deficits (PMD) after isolated pontine infarction. Methods Consecutive patients with isolated pontine infarction admitted to hospital within 48 hours after onset were enroled. They were divided into either a PMD group (increase ≥1 within 7 days) or a non-PMD group according to the clinical course and the changes of motor scores of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). The pontine infarction patterns were classified as basal surface infarction and deep infarction, the sides were divided into left and right, the infarct levels were divided into upper, middle, and lower according to diffusion-weighted imaging. The demographics, baseline clinical data, and imaging features were compared between the two groups. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the predictive factors of PMD after isolated pontine infarction. Results A total of 101 patients with isolated pontine infarction admitted to hospital within 48 h of onset were enroled, including 16 in the PMD group and 85 in the non-PMD group. The proportions of pontine infarction involving the basal surface (87. 5% vs. 47. 1% , χ2 = 8. 851, P = 0. 003), the infarcts on the middle levels (56. 2% vs. 24. 7% , χ2 = 4. 851, P = 0. 028), and basilar artery stenosis or occlusion (62. 5% vs. 27. 1% ,χ2 = 7. 689, P = 0. 006) of the PMD group were significantly higher than those of the non-PMD group, while the proportions of the infarcts on the left sides (18. 8% vs. 56. 5% , χ2 = 7. 664, P = 0. 006) and the infarcts on the upper levels (37. 5% vs. 72. 9% , χ2 = 7. 689, P = 0. 006) of the PMD group was significantly lower than those of the non-PMD group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that pontine infarction involving the basal surface (odds ratio 5. 650, 95% confidence interval 1. 011 - 31. 580, P = 0. 049) and basilar artery stenosis or occlusion (odds ratio 4. 075, 95% confidence interval 1. 127 - 14. 741, P = 0. 032) were the independent risk factors for PMD after isolated pontine infarction. Conclusions Infarction involving the basal surface and basilar artery stenosis or occlusion may be the predictors for PMD after isolated pontine infarction.

BACKGROUND: Recently, trans-pedicle screw internal fixation has markedly improved the rigidity of spinal fixation and hence the fusion rate. But when placed incorrectly, the pedicle screw can injure the spinal cord and/or nerve roots, resulting in serious complications.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the application value of preoperative CT scans-based navigation technique in the spinal pedicle screw internal fixation surgery.DESIGN, TINE AND SETTING: A prospective, randomized, and controlled observation was performed at the Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between January 2006 and December 2008.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 95 patients who underwent pedicle screw internal fixation due to spine diseases were randomly assigned to a navigation group (n = 45) and a conventional group (n = 50).METHODS: In the navigation group, patients were subjected to pedicle screw insertion with the assistance of computer navigation technique and while in the conventional group, patients underwent pedicle screw insertion using the conventional anatomic landmark combined with fluoroscopy.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Screw channel preparation time, excellent and good rate of screw position, and postoperative complications.RESULTS: In the navigation group, totally 206 pedicle screws were inserted under navigation guidance, with an excellent and good rate of 96.1%; and navigation could not be continued in 9 patients for a three-dimensional registration error. In the conventional group, altogether 285 pedicle screws were inserted, and the excellent and good rate was 100%. No significant difference was found between the two groups (P > 0.05). The navigation group exhibited longer screw channel preparation time than the conventional group [(360±22) seconds vs. (56+8) seconds, P < 0.01]. No postoperative complications were found in each group.CONCLUSION: The preoperative CT scans-based navigation technique produces similar accuracy of pedicle screw insertion, but markedly prolonged operation time, compared with the conventional anatomic landmarks, exhibiting limited application value in the spinal pedicle screw internal fixation.

AIM: To investigate the effects of external counterpulsation (ECP) on nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and the expression of NOS gene in myocardial infarction canines. METHODS: Nineteen healthy dogs were randomly divided into three groups ie. controls, ischemia group, ischemia and ECP group. Serum NO concentrations and myocardium NO levels and NOS specific activity were determined by modified nitrate reductase method. The protein synthesis of sub-type NOS including inducible NOS (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) of myocardial tissue were also determined by immunohistochemical method. The constitutive NOS (cNOS) mRNA was measured via in situ hybridization. RESULTS: 120 and 180 minutes after the ligating of LAD, serum NO concentration in ECP groups were higher than those in ischemic groups (P

ObjectiveTo analyze the prognosis of the new occurred proximal thoracic(PT) curve after posterior correction surgery in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients.MethodsThe radiographs of 21 AIS patients,who had a primary main thoracic (MT) curve and suffered from a new PT curve after posterior correction surgery,were retrospectively reviewed.All patients were followed up for an average of 19.8 months.Imaging parameters including coronal Cobb angle,T1 tilt and radiographic shoulder height,were measured and analyzed.ResultsThe average coronal Cobb angle of the MT curve was 54.3° preoperatively,14.1° at the final follow-up,with an average correction rate of 74.6％.Before operation,5 patients had negative T1 tilt and 16 without T1 tilt.After operation,all the 21 patients had positive T1 tilt and new PT curves;the average T1 tilt was 6.0° and the average coronal Cobb angle of the PT curve was 16.0°.At the final follow-up,the average T1 tilt and coronal Cobb angle of the PT curve were 4.0° and 13.2°,respectively; eighteen patients still had positive T1 tilt and 17 patients still had PT curves larger than 10°.As for the radiographic shoulder height,5 patients had equal shoulders and 16 patients had right shoulder elevation before operation; after operation,19 patients had left shoulder elevation and 6 patients had unbalanced shoulders; at the final follow-up,14 patients still had left shoulder elevation and 5 patients had unbalanced shoulders.At the final follow-up,T1 tilt and coronal Cobb angle of the PT curve were better than those postoperatively immediately,while the incidences of the new PT curve,left shoulder elevation,unbalanced shoulders were all not significantly different from those postoperatively immediately.ConclusionThe new occurred PT curves after posterior correction surgery in AIS patients are difficult to be compensated and could cause shoulder imbalance,thus great attention should be paid to prevent the occurrence of the PT curve.

Objective To explore the applications of case analysis learning and traditional teaching method in clinical practice teaching effect for students majoring rehabilitation therapy in the course of musculoskeletal rehabilitation.Methods 83 program students of Rehabitation Therapeutics in grade 2011 were chosen to participate in the clinical practice teaching in the course of musculoskeletal rehabilitation of 12 credit hours.Class 1 was taught by the traditional teaching method,while Class 2 was taught by the case analysis learning,making clinical case analysis,practical operation and case discussion working as teams.After learning,we made an analysis of two classes through the form of theory examination,practical operation and the questionnaire.The evaluation scores were shown by (x ± s)and comparison was made between the two groups with t test after SPSS software for statistical analysis.Results Taught by the case analysis,the theoretical performance of Class 2 was (83.37 ± 5.59),better than Class 1 (80.85 ± 6.98),but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.056),but in the practice operation the achievements of Class 2 were (72.65 ± 8.05) points better than Class 1 (66.49 ± 12.86),and the difference was statistically significant(P=0.024).The survey results showed that in Class 2 which adopted case analysis teaching,students' satisfaction was higher than that of Class 1 which kept traditional teaching,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Case analysis teaching in musculoskeletal rehabilitation application effect is better than the traditional teaching in clinical practice teaching and can be extended to other clinical teaching of rehabilitation therapy specialty.

BACKGROUND: Many factors affect the outcome of olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation for obsolete spinal cord injury, such as the time of injury, segment and sex. The best time to do olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation is unknown up to now. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of time windows of olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation on the recovery of motion and sensation function in spinal cord injury patients. DESIGN: Self-control observation. SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery, Taian Disabled Soldier's Hospital. PARTICIPANTS: 135 patients with spinal cord injury were enrolled at the Department of Spinal Cord Surgery, Taian Disabled Soldier's Hospital of Shandong Province from June 2004 to June 2007, including 121 males and 14 females, aged 7-59 years, averagely 36 years. Duration of spinal cord injury included 0-6 months in 21 cases, 7 months-2 years in 71 cases and over 2 years in 43 cases. These patients or their guardians signed an informed consent of the cell transplantation. The experimental procedures were accorded with the rules of Ministry of Health of China (No. 91-006) and approved by the Taian Disabled Soldier's Hospital of Shandong Province. METHODS: ①Olfactory bulbs of aborted fetus were digested into single olfactory ensheathing cells, and then cultured for 7-15 days. Parturients signed the informed consent. This study was approved by the Hospital Ethical Committee. ②After general anesthesia, olfactory ensheathing cell suspension was implanted into the corresponding region by the multi-targeted injection with a microscope. According to the injury condition, targets generally located in upper or lower injured region and left or right normal spinal cord. The amount of targets depends on the size of the injured region. About 1 000 000 units of cells were injected into each target, about 50 μL of suspension, at 2×1010 L-1, 2-5 targets. ③American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale was used to assess the motion and sensation function in spinal cord injury patients before transplantation and 2-8 weeks after transplantation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Scores on American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale. RESULTS: 135 spinal cord injury patients were involved in the result analysis. Motion and sensation function was improved in spinal cord injury patients at different time windows compared with that before transplantation (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in scores on motion and sensation function and the increased degree of the score at different time windows after transplantation (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: Olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation can promote the recovery of nerve function in spinal cord injury patients, without the difference in time windows.

Objective To investigate methods and results of endovascular treatment in TASC (Ⅱ) D-type femoral artery occlusion. Methods From January 2012 to May 2013, 26 cases (26 branches) of superficial femoral artery occlusion with endovascular treatment of TASC (Ⅱ) D-type superficial femoral artery occlusion were retrospectively reviewed. The effi-cacy was evaluated through ABI, CTA, DSA and symptoms improved. Results 26 branches were treated with endovascular methods. Technical success rate was 80.7%(21/26), including 13 branche with stent implantation, 6 branches with Silver-hawk atherectomy and 2 branches with Viabahn stent implantation. All patients were followed up for a mean period of (10.3 ± 1.2)months, primary patency rates at 6 months were 69.2%in stent group, 66.7%in Silverhawk atherectomy group and 100%in Viabahn stent group. Conclusion Endovascular treatment of TASC (Ⅱ) D-type femoral artery occlusion can lead to satisfactory short term patency rates, and Viabahn stent is the latest treatment.

Objective: To observe the characteristics of serum homocysteine (Hcy) distribution and the epidemiological characteristics of high serum level of Hcy (HHcy) in Kazakh population.
Methods: The stratiifed cluster random sampling method was used to investigate 1003 kazakh individuals in Xinyuan county of Xinjiang including 433 male and 570 female, and they were individuals into 5 age groups:①(25-34) years, n=333,②(35-44) years, n=306, ③(45-54) years, n=230, ④(55-65) years, n=90, ⑤>65 years, n=44. The questionnaire survey, physical check-up and blood biochemical examination were performed and compared among different groups.
Results: ① The geometrical mean of Hcy was 13.3μmol/L, and the male was higher than female as 16.0μmol/L vs 11.6μmol/L. ②By age stratiifcation, the serum levels of Hcy elevated with the increased age accordingly. Except for those with the age>65 years, the serum levels of Hcy were all higher in male than female in other 4 age groups. ③The average rate of HHcy prevalence was 31.5%, and the male was higher than female as 49.9%vs 17.5%.④The average rate of H type hypertension prevalence was 35.1%, and the male was higher than female as 44.3%vs 28.1%. There were 87.6%of H type hypertensive patients with H type hypertension, and the male was higher than female as 95.0%vs 80.0%, all P<0.001.
Conclusion: The serum levels of Hcy were different from gender and age; the prevalences of HHcy and H type hypertension were higher in Kazakh population at Xinyuan county of Xinjiang. Community intervention should be conducted to improve the public health condition in Kazakh population.