OBJECTIVE To search for available mode of oral apparatus′s disinfection and management.METHODS To use new ways of oral apparatus′s disinfection and management that are enhancement of recognition,normal disinfecting procedure,available disinfection room,enhancement of management,new management system,building digitizing management and so on.RESULTS To build effective system and decrease abrasion and uselessness of oral apparatus.CONCLUSIONS Effective disinfection and management are very important for prevention of the cross infection and ensuring of daily use of oral apparatus.

Objective In this study,we investigate the influence on nurses professional ability by the hierarchical level training under the advanced mode.Methods By referring to advanced mode of clinical expertise,combined with impacts including the ability of nurses,seniority factors,professional titles and educational background,1 527 nurses of our hospital were divided into five ranks (including nine grades).We developed training plan,training forms and training purposes aiming at all level of training objectives.In addition,we developed a training effect questionnaire and promotion criteria.All the nurses must be evaluated and compared with the traditional nursing mode,which contained 1 486 nurses as the control.Results Within two years after the start of the experiment in the observation group,1 106 nurses had been promoted.Compared with the traditional platform-based training model,nursing assessment indicators were significantly improved by the hierarchical level of training.Quality control of care services was significantly improved and the score of patient satisfaction was significantly increased.Nurses acceptance of tiered training was improved compared to the control group,published research papers were significantly increased.Conclusions Detailed training on the layer classification of the nurses can improve the ability of nurses including specialist knowledge,interpersonal communication and humanistic care,teaching,scientific research,management and other professional skills,so as to improve nursing quality and work efficiency.

Objective To investigate the duodenum absorptive character of monosialotetrahexosylganglioside sodium (GM1) in rats.Methods The contents of phenolsulfonphthalein (as indicators) and GM1 were determined with ultraviolet-visible (UV) method and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method in rats with in situ cycle intestinal perfusion model.Results The ratio of duodenum absorption of GM1 was 10％ in 2 h after cycle and 22％ in 6 h after cycle,respectively.The Ka was (0.030± 0.012)h,and absorption t1/2 was (25.50 ± 8.56)h in 8 h after cycle.Conclusions GM1 is absorption in rat duodenum,and the accumulate absorption of GM1 is almost linearly related to the cycle time.The absorption dynamics of GM1 may be first-order kinetic process.

The social communication impairment is one of the core impairments of children with autism spec-trum disorder(ASD).This paper introduced five play-based intervention models that can improve social communica-tion skills of children with ASD.Guided by the concept of precision rehabilitation,practitioners who master these methods may effectively tailor interventions to different cases,by integrating personalized therapy for prescriptive treatment,may ensure healthy mind and body development of children with ASD while solving social communication problems,thus provide practice reference for parents of children with ASD,researchers and clinical educators in China.

Objective To explore the effect of sleep duration and body mass index(BMI)on hypertension.Methods The data was collected from the database of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS),and the data of the 2015 National Longitudinal Study were selected.A total of 8,889 subjects were included in this study.Questionnaires,health status,physical examination and laboratory information were collect-ed.The interactive effect of sleep duration and BMI on hypertension was analyzed by multiplicative model and addi-tive model.Results The prevalence rate of hypertension was 28.86%.Logistic regression results showed that night sleep duration＜6 h(OR=1.138,95%CI:1.024-1.265)and＞8 h(OR=1.1365,95%CI:1.167-1.598);overweight(OR=1.736,95%CI:1.557-1.936)and obesity(OR=2.076,95%CI:1.973-2.710)were all risk factors for hypertension(P＜0.05).Stratified results showed that the risk of hypertension in the normal group was 1.193(95%CI:1.023-1.393)times and 1.555(95%CI:1.244-1.943)times of those with sleep du-ration 6-8 h,respectively.The risk of hypertension was 1.392(95%CI:1.066-1.818)times higher than that of sleep duration 6-8 h.The interaction showed that night sleep duration and BMI had a multiplicative interaction(OR=2.120,95%CI:1.767-2.543)and a additive interaction on hypertension[RERI=1.242(95%CI:0.326-2.157),SI=3.697(95%CI:2.658-5.143),AP=0.460(95%CI:0.324-0.595)].Conclusions Insufficient and excessive sleep duration at night and BMI both increase the risk of hypertension,and have a mul-tiplicative and additive interaction.Reasonable adjustment of nighttime sleep duration and BMI may prevent the occurrence of hypertension.

Hospitals, especially public hospitals, are an important part of the public health service system. To clarify public health functions of secondary and tertiary public hospitals in China and provide evidences for related health policy decisions, this article introduced the public health services of hospitals in the United States, Britain, Australia and Canada, and then analyzed public health functions of secondary and tertiary public hospitals in China through literature review and case study. The authors summed up eight kinds of public health service functions, and put forward policy advices to promote the performance of public health functions of public hospitals in China.

An assessment is a key to public health management. This article reviewed the experiences and researches of assessment on public-health system, as well as public health service quality of medical institutions in America, the United Kingdom and Australia among other countries. On such basis, suggestions were provided on assessments of public health service in China, in order to help the government to improve its indicator evaluation system.