Objective To improve the ability of rheumatologist to diagnose systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complicated with ureterohydronephrosis by analyzing the characteristics of clinical manifestations.Methods Patients with ureterohydronephrosis hospitalized in Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 2000 to 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical characteristics, serological findings, treatment and prognosis of these patients were reviewed. Comparisons between the groups were performed with X2 test and t-test. Results SLE patient with ureterohydronephrosis accounted for 1.26% of the SLE patients hospitalized in the same period. Twenty-eight patients presented with gastrointestinal symptoms, 14 patients suffered from bladder irritative symptoms. Nineteen patients were with bilateral ureterohydronephrosis, and 8 patients were with unilateral ureterohydronephrosis. Fourteen patients had stype positive ANA, 14 patients had positive antiSSA antibodies. All patients were treated with steroid and immune suppressive therapy, 11 patients were cured, while 3 patients had no improvement. Conclusion Ureterohydronephrosis isn't a very rare complication of SLE. SLE patients with ureterohydronephrosis often present with gastrointestinal symptoms and have high incidence of chronic intestinal pseudo obstruction. High ratio of stype ANA antibody and high positive rate of anti-SSA are most important characteristics in this subtype of SLE patients. The complications can be reversed if the patients are treated early and appropritaely.

Objective To explore the change of serum amino acid serum in patients with liver cirrhosis and liver cancer, and its significance.Methods The serum amino acids of 46 patients with liver cirrhosis and 44 patients with liver cancer were examined with analyzer of Hitachi 835.Results In the case of patients with liver cirrhosis, the levels of glutamic acid, cystine, methionine and tyrosine in serum were significantly increased (P＜0.01),while, the level of phenylalanine in serum was obviously increased (P＜0.05). When it came to patients with liver cancer, the levels of serum threonine, tyrosine and phenylalanine were significantly increased (P＜0.01), the level of serum serine was obviously higher (P＜0.05). The level of BCAA/AAA (branched chain amino acids/aromatic amino acid) in the two groups was lower than that in the normal control group (P＜0.01). The levels of serum valine and leucine were lower than those in the normal control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Analyzing the levels of serum amino acids has a certain significance for diagnosing and treating patients with liver cirrhosis and liver cancer.

Objective To observe the effects of loaded swimming exercise on articular cartilage and the serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in knees modelling osteoarthritis in rats.Also to explore how loaded swimming might be useful in treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in clinical practice.Methods Fifty male Wistar rats were divided randomly into a normal group (20 rats) and a model group (30 rats).A model of knee osteoarthritis was created in the rats of the model group by papain injection.Ten rats from the normal group and 10 from the model group were sacrificed for:① gross and optical microscopic observations of pathological changes in their knee articular cartilage; ② quantifying the expression of MMP-13 in the knee articular cartilage using immunohistochemistry; ③ determining serum SOD and MDA content using enzyme-linked immunosorbet assays.The remaining 20 rats of the model group were divided into a loaded swimming group (10 rats) and a control group (10 rats).There were no extra interventions involving the rats in the normal and control groups.The rats in the loaded swimming group took loaded swimming exercise for 6 weeks.After that,the same 3 indicators were again surveyed in all groups.Results The scores of pathological changes and the expression of MMP-13 in knee articular cartilage decreased significantly more in the loaded swimming group than in the control group.Serum SOD content also increased significantly more.Conclusions Loaded swimming exercise can delay articular cartilage damage and increase the serum SOD content of osteoarthritic knees,at least in rats.

The neuropil in the area of the nucleus intermediolateralis is compossed of dendrites, axons, axonal terminals, synapses and processes of the neuroglia passed through them. The dendrites are scattered and variant in size and shape. Small axons, on the other hand, usually have regular contours and tend to travel in bundles. Three types of synaptic connections were found, the axo-dendritic, axo-sometic and axo-axonic synapses. Some of the synapses form glomerulus in which the dendrite or the axon may be the center. The presynaptic terminals contain numerous synaptic vesicles of various patterns. The pre-and postsynaptic membranes may be asymetrical or symetrical. According to the shape of the synaptic vesicles and the relative thickness of the pre-and postsynaptic membrane the synapses may be classified into three types: 1, spheric vesicle asymetrical type, 2, flattened vesicle symetrical type, and 3, intermediate type.

Objective To find the frequencies of FcγRIIIA polymorphisms in Chinese people and the potential role of these polymorphisms(SNPs) in systemic lupus erythermatosus(SLE) and lupus nephritis(LN).Methods The investigation covers 324 unrelated Chinese SLE patients and 319 controls.FcγRIIIA F158V polymorphism was genotyped by specific primer-polymerase chain reaction(PCR).Results The frequency of F allele of FcγRIIIA polymorphism is 60.8% in Chinese people.FcγRIIIA polymorphism revealed a significant difference of both genotype and allele distribution in SLE patients and controls.LN patients have a significant increase in carrier frequency of the FF genotype, while the VV genotype reveals a significant decreased risk of early onset of LN.ConclusionsFcγRIIIA polymorphisms is potentially related with SLE in Chinese people.The homozygous FF genotype of FcγRIIIA might be the risk factor for LN, while the homozygous VV genotype might be the protective factor for late onset lupus nephritis.

Objective To explore the level of free fatty acid (FFA)in ischemic stroke (IS) patients and its correlation with insulin resistance (IR).Methods This study was case-control study.Patients who were diagnosed with IS were followed up from June,2011 to September,2012 in Tianjin Third Central Hospital.The 180 IS patients were divided into large infarct(57),middle infarct(63)and small infarct (60) according to the area of infarct.At the same time,60 healthy persons were selected as control group.The plasma FFA,fasting insulin (FINS),fasting blood glucose (FBG),homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-IR,triacylglycerol (TG),total cholesterol (TC),high density lipoprotein cholesterol-C (HDL),low density lipoprotein cholesterol-C(LDL),lipoprotein A1 (APOA1) and lipoprotein B (APOB) in 180 IS patients were measured and compared with that of control group.The correlation between FFA and IR was analyzed by using pearson linear correlation.The relationship between FFA and HOMA-IR was analyzed by using multiple stepwise multivariate analysis.The t test and analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis.Results Compared to normal control,the level of FFA,FINS,FBG,FIB,TG,TC,LDL,APOB and HOMA-IR in IS patients were higher,the difference was statistically.The level of HDL,APOA1 in IS patients were lower than that of normal control.The level of FFA,FINS,HOMA-IR,FBG,TG,TC,HDL,LDL,APOA1 and APOB in IS patients related to the area of infarct.The level of FFA,FINS,HOMA-IR,FBG,TG,TC,LDL,APOB in large infarct were higher than those in middle infarct and small infarct.The level of HDL,APOA1 in large infarct were lower than those in middle infarct and small infarct,the difference were statistically.In IS patients,FFA had positive correlation to FINS,FBG and HOMA-IR (r =0.870,0.497,0.792,P ＜ 0.001),but had no correlation to age (r =0.008,P ＞ 0.05).In IS patients,HOMA-IR was dependent variable,but FFA,FINS,FBG,TG,TC,HDL,APOA1 and APOB were independent variable.FFA was independent risk factor to HOMA-IR,besides FINS,FBG,TC,LDL and APOB.Conclusion FFA elevates in IS patients,FFA has correlation to IR and it is a dependent risk factor to IS patients.

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of the combined determination of serum procalcitonin (PCT),C reactive protein(CRP),prealbumin(PA)and white blood cell(WBC) in curative effect and prognosis of elderly patients with bacterial infection.Methods Serum PCT,CRP,PA and WBC levels and their dynamic changes of 70 patients with bacterial infection from intensive care unit(ICU)were measured.The patients with bacterial infection were classified into serious infection group and local infection group.And the comparison with virus infection group was made.Results The levels of PCT(18.00±3.20)μg/L and CRP(86.17±10.64)mg/L in serious infection group and local infection group[PCT(2.03±0.46)μg/L,CRP(50.24±7.45)mg/L] were increased.The contents of PA were reduced[(3.214±0.88)mg/L,(12.89± 1.03)mg/L].The levels of WBC were increased mildly[(8.89±1.23) × 109/L,(6.54±0.87) × 109/L].The differences were statistically significant between bacterial infection groups(serious infection group and local infection group) and virus infection group [PCT (0.21 ±0.06)μg/L,CRP (5.21 ±0.84) mg/L,PA (20.14 ±2.57)mg/L,WBC (5.30 ± 0.93) × 109/L] (P＜ 0.01).Serum PCT,CRP.PA and WBC showed significant differences between serious infection group and local infection group(P＜0.01).After antibiotic treatment,the levels of PCT (0.5 ± 0.08) μg/L,CRP (10.32 ± 1.65) mg/L and WBC (6.30± 0.91) × 109/L in bacterial infection group were reduced obviously and the concentration of PA (18.19±2.66)mg/L was elevated compared with before treatment [PCT(11.61±8.27)μg/L,CRP (71.80±20.09)mg/L,WBC(7.95± 1.59) × 109/L,PA(7.08±4.87)mg/L] (P＜0.01).Correlative analysis was performed between PCT and others indicators before and after antibiotic treatment in bacterial infection group and virus infection group.There was positive correlation between PCT and CRP,WBC before(r=0.586,0.445) and after treatment (r=0.688,0.463) in bacterial infection group.PCT and WBC(r=0.432) were positively correlated after treatment,while no correlation existed between PCT and others indexes in virus infection group(r＜0.306).When comparing sensitivity and specificity of PCT and CRP for diagnosis of bacterial infection disease,the sensitivity (95.7％) of PCT was similar to that of CRP.The specificity of PCT(86.7％) was remarkably higher than that of CRP(73.3％).Conclusions The combination of serum PCT,CRP.PA and WBC is valuable for early diagnosis of bacterial infection disease.Monitoring PCT level dynamically would assist an evaluation of curative effect and disease outcome of elderly patients.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous microwave ablation in the treatment of hypersplenism.Methods From March 2007 to May 2011,38 patients with hepatitis B virus caused liver cirrhosis and complicated with hypersplenism received percutaneous microwave ablation treatment for several times.Before percutaneous microwave ablation treatment,the volume of spleen was calculated according to 3D computed tomography (CT) scan.Ultrasound,blood routine,urine routine,liver function test,kidney function test,serum amylase and lipase were also tested.For the first time,1/3 volume of spleen was ablated.If no complication were observed in one week after ablation,then another 1/3 volume of spleen was ablated.Blood routine and liver function test were checked on the 1st,3rd and 5th day after microwave ablation.Blood routine,liver function test and ultrasound were examined on 7th and 14th day after microwave ablation.On the 30th day CT examination was conducted.Ultrasound,blood routine,urine routine,liver function test,kidney function test,serum amylase and lipase were detected at one month,three month and every three month after microwave ablation.The follow up duration was over two years.The t-test was performed for clinical data comparison.Results The mean ratio of ablated spleen was (47 ±5)％ (range 41％ to 57％).Preoperative white blood cell count was (2.46±0.78)× 109/L,which gradually increased after operation and peaked on the 3rd day after operation ((5.34 ± 2.10) × 109/L).Then gradually decreased,which was (3.16 ± 1.02) × 109/L at 24 month and the difference was statistically significant compared with that of preoperation (t=-3.349,P＜0.01).Preoperative platelet count was (46.58 ± 17.30) × 109/L,which gradually decreased after operation and was lowest on the 3rd day after operation.Then gradually increased,which peaked at 30 days after operation ((101.79 ± 25.80) × 109/L) and then gradually decreased,which was (61.97 ± 15.09) × 109/L at 24 month and the difference was statistically significant compared with that of preoperation (t＝-4.135,P＜0.01).The inner diameter of portal vein was (14.66±0.88) mm preoperation,which was (13.22±0.64) mm at three month after operation and the difference was statistically significant compared with that of preoperation (t=8.145,P＜0.01).It was (14.64±0.81) mm at six month after operation and the difference was not statistically significant compared with that of preoperation (P＞ 0.05).The major adverse effects were fever,left upper abdominal pain,left shoulder pain,pleural effusion,intraperitoneal hemorrhage and temporary hemoglobinuria which all recovered after symptomatic treatment.No severe complication such as uncontrollable bleeding,splenic abscess,spleen rupture and the surrounding organ injury and treatment related death were observed.Conclusion Percutaneous microwave ablation for several times could safely destroy suitable volume of spleen,increase platelet and white blood cell count,improve portal hypertension and with rare complications,which might be a minimally invasive techniques with clinical application value in the treatment of the hypersplenism.

Aim To explore the effects of heat stress on TNF-?-induced fever and the content of cAMP in rat hypothalamus. Methods ①We examined the peak time of HSP70 expression in hypothalamus after heat stress; ②We studied the change of TNF-?-induced fever and the content of cAMP in hypothalamus after heat stress. Result The maximum expression of HSP70 in hypothalamus was attained at 12 h after heat stress. Heat stress limited TNF-?-induced fever and decreased the content of cAMP in hypothalamus. Conclusion Heat stress can inhibit TNF-?-induced fever in rats, and this effect may be related with the inhibition of cAMP synthesis induced by high expression HSP70 in hypothalamus.

The superficial temporal artery and the occipital artery on both side of 50 Chinese adult cadavers were dissected and the course and distribution of these two arteries were studied and their length, external diameter, internal diameter and the thickness of the walls were meassured.1. The main stem of the superficial temporal arteries runs upward and forward in front of the orifice of the external auditory meatus at an angle on the average of 12.44?8.16? away from the vertical line. This artery was found in 68.68?4.66％ situated before the superficial temporal vein and auriculo-temporal nerve. The average length of the main stem is 3.88?1.04cm; the external diameter 1.64?0.42mm; the internal diameter 1.19?0.10 mm and the thickness of its wall 0.23?0.08 mm. 2. The parietal branch of the superficial temporal artery runs upwards and backwards to the vertex of the skull at an angle of 25.92?10.09 away from the vertical line. The average length is 7.56?1.63 cm. It may be classified into three typs: (1) the single-stem type (2) the bifurcate type (3) the double-stem type. The average external diameter of the branch is 1.24?0.28mm, the internal diameter 0.91?0.19mm, the thickness of its wall 0.17?0.06 mm. There arr 7.45?2.71％ of the cases that the internal diameter is less or equal to 0.5 mm.3. The frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery runs forwards and upwards to the frontal tuber or above the lateral-upper angle of the orbital, then turns upwards to the vertex of the skull. Its average external diameter is 1.31?0.35mm; the internal diameter, 0.91?0.29 mm, and the thickness of its wall, 0.18?0.08mm.4. The Occipital artery runs out to the skin through the fascia between the trapizius and sterocleidomastoid, but sometimes it porferates the muscular fibers of one of these two muscles. The point from which it runs out is located at 2.23?1.12 cm below the external occipital protuberans and 3.41?0.85cm lateral to the midline. Three types of the branching patterns were found: the main-stem, the bifurcate and the plexiform type. The average external dianeter of the occipital artery is 1.47?0.14 mm, the internal diameter,1.13?0.29 mm, and the thickness of its wall, 0.18?0.08mm.